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Factors Associated with Recovery Rate Among Severely Malnourished Children Enrolled in Outpatient Therapeutic Program at Kitui County Hospital, Kenya
Dorothy Mbaya,
Lucy K. Gitonga
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
62-67
Received:
24 January 2017
Accepted:
17 February 2017
Published:
31 October 2017
Abstract: Advent of ready to use therapeutic food made it possible to treat children with severe acute malnutritionas outpatients. Studies have reported that recovery rate among children enrolled in outpatient therapeutic program is below the acceptable standard (<75%). The objective of the study was to determine the factors associated with recovery rate among children aged 6-59 months enrolled in outpatient therapeutic program at Kitui County Hospital. A cross sectionalstudy was carried out where we consecutively recruited104 children with severe acute malnutrition. Information was obtained from mothers/guardians regarding demographic, socio-economic, socio-cultural and medical related factors. Anthropometric measurements of the children were conducted at the fourth visit. Chi-square test and odds ratio were used to determine the association between recovery rate and independent variables. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine predictors of recovery. The recovery rate was 73.3% [95% CI 64.6%–81.9%]. Significant predictors of recovery were absence of co-morbidity in the previous month [AOR=5.23; 95%CI=1.36-20.10; P=0.016], receiving antibiotic [AOR=13.06; 95%CI=3.01-56.65; P=0.001] and initiation ofcomplementary feeding at 6 months of age [AOR=8.86; 95%CI=2.20-35.68; P=0.002]. Being a house wife was an independent predictor of recovery [AOR=5.26; 95%CI=1.33-20.87; P=0.018]. The recovery rate was slightly below the acceptable standards. Special focus should be given on predictors of recovery rate like administration of antibiotics, prompt and appropriate management of co-morbidities with appropriate care during the illness and initiation of complementary feeding at the age of 6 months.
Abstract: Advent of ready to use therapeutic food made it possible to treat children with severe acute malnutritionas outpatients. Studies have reported that recovery rate among children enrolled in outpatient therapeutic program is below the acceptable standard (...
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Determinants of Acute Diarrheal Disease Among Under-Five Children in Pawi Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2013/14
Hayelom Brhanu,
Digsu Negese,
Mulat Gebrehiwot
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
68-75
Received:
24 January 2017
Accepted:
21 February 2017
Published:
3 November 2017
Abstract: Background: Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among under-five children nationally and globally. This study identified determinants of acute diarrheal disease among under-five children using hierarchical logistic regression. Objective: This study was conducted to identify determinants for hospitalization of children with acute diarrhea in Pawi Hospital, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Northwest Ethiopia, 2013/14. Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was performed on 148 cases and 442 controls. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. Both bivariate and hierarchical logistic multivariate analyses were carried out to identify the determinants of acute diarrheal. Results: Determinants for acute diarrheal disease were identified. Rural residence [AOR=6.8, 95%CI= (3.3, 14)], mothers having a low education [AOR=4.0, 95%CI= (1.5, 11.0)], living in a non-model households [AOR=2, 95%CI= (1.1, 4.0)] were from socioeconomic variables. Improper child stool disposal [AOR=2. 7, 95%CI= (1.5, 4.8)], not treating water at home [AOR=2. 5, 95%CI= (1.3, 4.6)] were among the environmental sanitation factors. Child`s age 6-11 moths [AOR=3.8, 95%CI= (1.7, 8.9)], bottle feeding [AOR=10, 95%CI= (4.6, 21.9)], being malnourished [AOR=2.3, 95% CI= (1.3, 3.91)], and maternal diarrhea [AOR=8. 8, 95%CI= (4.0, 19.0)] were determinants of acute diarrheal disease in under fives. Conclusions: Acute diarrhea is influenced by factors from all hierarchical levels. Therefore, Avoiding bottle feeding and interpersonal transmission, strengthening women’s education, improving child nutrition; maximizing the health extension package model households and treating water at home are recommended with more emphasis on rural living children.
Abstract: Background: Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among under-five children nationally and globally. This study identified determinants of acute diarrheal disease among under-five children using hierarchical logistic regression. Objective: This study was conducted to identify determinants for hospitalization of children w...
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Ultrasound Guided Pneumatic Reduction of Intussusception: A Clinical Experience from Baghdad
Ali Egab Joda,
Waad Muhammad Salih,
Nawzat Hussein Shakarly
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
76-82
Received:
10 September 2017
Accepted:
28 September 2017
Published:
10 November 2017
Abstract: Intussusception is an important cause of small bowel obstruction in children. Non-operative reduction (NOR) is the preferable method of treatment to start with as long as there are no contraindications to its use and where facilities are available. Pneumatic reduction has become a popular therapeutic method for intussusception instead of surgery in many centers. The current study aim to evaluate the success rate of ultrasound guided pneumatic reduction of intussusception and verifying the factors affecting its efficacy as initial experience in Baghdad. A prospective study of 56 eligible patients with confirmed intussusception managed over the period of eighteen months from March 2016 to September 2017 in Baghdad. The procedure was performed under ultrasound guidance after adequate resuscitation. Those patients with unsuccessful first attempt of pneumatic reduction were subjected to second and third attempts before surgical intervention performed. a total 39 male and 17 female were found suitable for pneumatic reduction under ultrasound guide. Successful reduction by air insufflation was achieved in 44 patients (78.5%), whereas the procedure was failed in the remaining 12 patients (21.4%). There were only two out of 44 patients (4.5%) with successful reduction developed early recurrence of intussusception. One patient (2.27%) developed intestinal perforation. Pneumatic reduction of intussusception under ultrasound guidance is a quick, safe, simple, with a high success rate, radiation-sparing effect. Success rate is highly affected by the duration of symptoms and location of mass. The procedure is not devoid of recurrence risk and possibility of developing pneumoperitoneum.
Abstract: Intussusception is an important cause of small bowel obstruction in children. Non-operative reduction (NOR) is the preferable method of treatment to start with as long as there are no contraindications to its use and where facilities are available. Pneumatic reduction has become a popular therapeutic method for intussusception instead of surgery in...
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Seasonality of Vitamin D Insufficiency in Children of Moscow
Zakharova Irina,
Borovik Tatyana,
Pludowski Pawel,
Tvorogova Tatyana,
Solovyeva Ekaterina,
Sugyan Narine,
Antonenko Natalia,
Balashova Nadejda,
Kuular Nadejda,
Marchenko Vera,
Perova Svetlana,
Prostakova Valentina,
Simakova Natalia,
Simonenko Irina,
Vasilyeva Svetlana,
Mozzhukhina Maria,
Koroleva Ekaterina,
Rakhteenko Alina,
Dmitrieva Yulia,
Klimov Leonid,
Kuryaninova Victoria
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
83-88
Received:
11 July 2017
Accepted:
23 October 2017
Published:
30 November 2017
Abstract: The article presents the analysis of vitamin D levels in children of various age groups residing in Moscow and assesses the seasonality of vitamin D variations in this population group. In this work, the results of 25 (ОН) D level measurement in 1041 children in the age from 1 month to 18 years collected in the period since 2012 to 2015 have been analyzed. In accordance with the analysis, in spite of the age, the high percentage of vitamin D insufficiency was detected among children in Moscow. The generally accepted optimum level of vitamin D metabolite – calcidiol in blood (>30 ng/ml) was observed only in the small part of the study participants (26%), while the larger part (74%) had the insufficient level of vitamin D of various intensity: 28% - insufficiency (20-29 ng/ml), 33% - deficiency (<20 ng/ml), 13% - severe deficiency (<10 ng/ml). With the age, the insufficiency level was more pronounced. The seasonality analysis showed the significant difference of vitamin D level between summer and winter seasons (p=0.01). The greatest decrease of vitamin D levels was observed in winter (median level of 25(ОН)D 17.0 (11.0; 25.0) ng/ml). In summer months, the relative calcidiol gain was fixed (median – 22.9 (18.0; 33.0) ng/ml) which, however, did not achieve the normal level. Children and, in particular, adolescents residing in Moscow need year-round hypovitaminosis D prophylaxis with cholecalciferol products.
Abstract: The article presents the analysis of vitamin D levels in children of various age groups residing in Moscow and assesses the seasonality of vitamin D variations in this population group. In this work, the results of 25 (ОН) D level measurement in 1041 children in the age from 1 month to 18 years collected in the period since 2012 to 2015 have been a...
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Spaces Matters: Classroom Acoustics and Repetitive Behaviors in Preschool Children with Autism
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
89-94
Received:
28 September 2017
Accepted:
3 November 2017
Published:
30 November 2017
Abstract: Autism has generally been ignored by the interior design community and excluded from building codes and guidelines, even those developed explicitly for special needs individuals. This research will look into how interior design factors affect individuals with autism; specifically with regards to acoustics. Today’s world has put much emphasis and consideration towards the diversity of individuals and their developmental and psycho-social disorders, yet research has not been thorough in this topic; thus, this article presents a further step when considering development. Therefore, one of the primary aims of this research is to correct this exclusion by developing a preliminary framework of interior design guidelines for autism. To reach this goal of developing a framework for architectural guidelines for autism, an extensive literature review was conducted and a behavioral observation took place. Four classrooms were identified in two schools (two rooms in each school) based on their noise levels and behaviors were recorded from 42 participants. Research results indicate that environment is important to the treatment of autism because it influences behavior. A significant positive correlation between noise levels and frequency of target behaviors was found; that is, as decibel levels increased, several of the observed behaviors occurred with greater frequency. This research gives practical solutions that architects and designers can use to modify the environment for children with autism. Developed and expounded by the author in two previous studies (Kanakri, et al. “An Observational Study of Classroom Acoustical Design and Repetitive Behaviors in Children With Autism,” Sage Publications, pp. 1-27, 2016) and (Kanakri, S. M., The Impact of Acoustical Environmental Design on Children with Autism. 2014), these analyses lay the groundwork for this article’s research which provides tangible modifications to help these children develop their skills, cope with auditory problems and improve their behaviors.
Abstract: Autism has generally been ignored by the interior design community and excluded from building codes and guidelines, even those developed explicitly for special needs individuals. This research will look into how interior design factors affect individuals with autism; specifically with regards to acoustics. Today’s world has put much emphasis and co...
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Rehabilitation of Children After Operative Enlargement of Length of Limbs
Vladimir Alexeevich Schurov
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
95-99
Received:
13 June 2017
Accepted:
6 July 2017
Published:
14 January 2018
Abstract: Patients of different age with stunting one (85) or both extremities (153) discovered that in the remote terms after surgical lengthening of the limbs by Ilizarov increases stride length, but the scale of the change in length of the limbs is limited by the necessity of obtaining the effect of increasing the speed of locomotion defined by the degree of conservation than the maximum moment of muscle strength of the operated limb.
Abstract: Patients of different age with stunting one (85) or both extremities (153) discovered that in the remote terms after surgical lengthening of the limbs by Ilizarov increases stride length, but the scale of the change in length of the limbs is limited by the necessity of obtaining the effect of increasing the speed of locomotion defined by the degree...
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