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Correlation Between Quality of Life and Severity of Valve Abnormalities in Children with Rheumatic Heart Disease
I Gusti Ayu Trisna Windiani,
Putu Diah Vedaswari,
Eka Gunawijaya,
Ni Putu Veny Kartika Yantie,
I Gusti Agung Ngurah Sugitha Adnyana,
Soetjiningsih
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
78-82
Received:
12 February 2020
Accepted:
24 February 2020
Published:
3 March 2020
Abstract: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is one of the chronic diseases that affects the heart valve and requires long-term treatment that can affect the quality of life. We aimed to determine the correlation between quality of life and severity of valve abnormalities in children with rheumatic heart disease. This was a cross-sectional study was performed to 28 children with RHD aged 2 to 18 years old who treated at Integrated Cardiovascular Outpatient Clinic of Sanglah General Hospital from March to April 2018. Patients suffering from other chronic diseases or neurodevelopmental disorders were excluded. Assessment of the quality of life using PedsQL version 4.0 Generic Core Scales questionnaire. Assessment of severity of valve abnormalities using echocardiographic score. Analysis was performed using Spearman correlation test, confident interval (CI) 95%, significant if p<0.05. We found the patients mean age was 12.75 years old and mostly men (18 subjects). Most isolated abnormality was mitral valve (17 subjects), with most involved more than one valve (22 subjects). Almost patients treated with Benzathine penicillin G (25 subjects) as secondary prophylaxis. The mean score of quality of life from the children’s report was 78.05 ± 14.66 and from the parent’ report was 79.69 ± 14.36. The lowest mean score of quality of life is from school function. Between quality of life and severity of valve abnormalities found a weak negative correlation (r = -0.377; p = 0.048). There was a weak negative correlation between quality of life and severity of valve abnormalities in children with rheumatic heart disease.
Abstract: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is one of the chronic diseases that affects the heart valve and requires long-term treatment that can affect the quality of life. We aimed to determine the correlation between quality of life and severity of valve abnormalities in children with rheumatic heart disease. This was a cross-sectional study was performed to ...
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Necrotizing Enterocolitis Complicating Sepsis in a Late Preterm Cameroonian Infant
Georges Pius Kamsu Moyo,
Manuela Nguedjam,
Lynda Miaffo
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
83-86
Received:
7 February 2020
Accepted:
19 February 2020
Published:
6 March 2020
Abstract: Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a leading cause of death from gastrointestinal disease in premature infants. It has been recognized for decades as the most common life-threatening medico-surgical intestinal emergency in newborns. The overall incidence of NEC has been reducing steadily during the past few years and has become even less common in late preterm and in term infants. However, accumulating evidence over the years suggest that NEC should be considered in a broader set including these subpopulations with risk factors. The disease might be associated with short and long-term complications, prolong hospitalization, and be cost worthy. Medical treatment alone may be done with considerable success, when diagnosed early enough with mild or moderate severity. In most cases, a multidisciplinary approach is recommended as much as possible. Nevertheless, primary prevention by breastfeeding promotion and standardized formula replacement when indispensable is pertinent. Method: We present and discuss based on current reviews, a case of early onset NEC complicating sepsis in a late preterm. Results: It appears that medical management alone which is indicated for moderate NEC may be quite successful when based on broad spectrum antibiotics that cover gram negative bacteria and anaerobes, together with intensive and supportive cares. Conclusion: NEC may occur precociously in late preterm. The prompt diagnosis may be made easier by radiological exams. A multidisciplinary approach for the management of stage II or moderate NEC may be more efficient. Breastfeeding remains an effective prevention against NEC.
Abstract: Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a leading cause of death from gastrointestinal disease in premature infants. It has been recognized for decades as the most common life-threatening medico-surgical intestinal emergency in newborns. The overall incidence of NEC has been reducing steadily during the past few years and has become even les...
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Neonatal Emergencies in Full-term Infants: A Seasonal Description in a Paediatric Referral Hospital of Yaoundé, Cameroon
Georges Pius Kamsu Moyo,
Donleine Sobguemezing,
Hélène Tetinou Adjifack
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
87-90
Received:
9 February 2020
Accepted:
19 February 2020
Published:
6 March 2020
Abstract: Background: A neonatal emergency may be defined as a potentially life-threatening disorder or anomaly which occurs within the first 28 days after birth. From an epidemiological stand point, some disorders may be specific to this period and so their knowledge may improve the management and be life-saving. Objective: To determine the various neonatal emergencies. Methodology: We carried out a cross-sectional study with prospective and exhaustive recruitment of full-term neonates presenting emergencies at the Mother and Child Centre of the Chantal Biya Foundation. The study lasted for 4 months and was conducted from September to December 2018 in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Results: The survey covered 235 neonatal emergencies, 28 (11.9%) were surgical emergencies, 207 (88%) were medical emergencies and 12 (5.1%) neonates had mixed emergencies. Most cases 137 (58.2%) occurred within the first week of life, the leading causes were sepsis 147 (62.5%), birth asphyxia 25 (10.6%) and jaundice 18 (7.6%). The death rate was 3.4% (08) mainly due to congenital malformations 50% (04) while 213 (90.6%) cases recovered. Conclusion: The leading causes of neonatal emergencies found in this study were not very different from those described in the literature and so prompt diagnosis and management may further improve the outcome of neonatal emergencies, with most neonates recovering.
Abstract: Background: A neonatal emergency may be defined as a potentially life-threatening disorder or anomaly which occurs within the first 28 days after birth. From an epidemiological stand point, some disorders may be specific to this period and so their knowledge may improve the management and be life-saving. Objective: To determine the various neonatal...
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Neurocysticercosis in a Child Living in the Urban Community of Yaoundé, Cameroon: A Case Report in a Low Resource Setting
Georges Pius Kamsu Moyo,
Audrey Thérese Mbang,
Laura Kuate Makowa,
Raïssa Monayong Mendomo,
Sonia Zebaze,
Hubert Désiré Mbassi Awa
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
91-93
Received:
7 February 2020
Accepted:
20 February 2020
Published:
6 March 2020
Abstract: Background: Neurocysticercosis is a helminthiasis of public health interest in developing countries, where it is potentially responsible for 70% of epilepsy cases. Clinical presentations are diverse and depend on central nervous system localization of the parasite. The diagnosis is based on a number of factors including environmental context, clinical presentation, radiological imaging and serology. The treatment is often medical, with surgery being left for specific cases. Holistic prevention involves prophylaxis, treatment of asymptomatic carriers and reinforcement of health education. Method: We report a case of neurocysticercosis being responsible for a curable form of epilepsy in a Cameroonian child living in the urban community of Yaoundé. The patient was treated exclusively by medical means involving curative and symptomatic medications over a period of 21 days. Results: By the end of the treatment, the patient clinically recovered, though some residual latent cerebral sequels persisted. Conclusion: Neurocysticercosis may be found in children living in urban communities, causing neuropsychic disorders among which epilepsy. Prompt diagnosis may be aided by cerebral radiological imaging such as CT-scan or MRI. The management may be exclusively medical with complete recovery. However, primary prevention is a relevant intervention that may be done by proper disposal of human and animal faeces, rigorous hygiene, effective meat cooking before consumption, health education and prophylaxis with anthelmintics.
Abstract: Background: Neurocysticercosis is a helminthiasis of public health interest in developing countries, where it is potentially responsible for 70% of epilepsy cases. Clinical presentations are diverse and depend on central nervous system localization of the parasite. The diagnosis is based on a number of factors including environmental context, clini...
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Epidemio-clinical Profile of Stunting in School Children of an Urban Community in Cameroon
Georges Pius Kamsu Moyo,
Ivan Fred Kamsi Djomkam
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
94-97
Received:
7 February 2020
Accepted:
20 February 2020
Published:
6 March 2020
Abstract: Background: Stunting in children results from a defective growth. Our objective was to describe the epidemiological and clinical profiles of stature growth delay in school children of an urban community in Cameroon. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out on primary and secondary school children aged between 8 to 15 years, from January to June 2015 in Yaoundé, Cameroon. The study involved 1442 children of which 79 presented stature delay. Results: The mean age was 12 years (IQR: 11-13ans). The prevalence of stunting was 5.47% (95% CI: 3.59 to 5.87) Among which 48 (60%) of affected children were in secondary school, 41 (51.89%) were of female sex, 54 (68.35%) were aged between 11 and 13years old, 49 (62%) came from families with average or limited socioeconomic level out of which 30 (62%) had limited or poor diet, 76 (96.2%) had normal BMI, 26 (33%) had bone size abnormalities, 10 (12.65%) had delayed puberty, and 4 (5%) had a chronic disease. Conclusion: Stunting occurs among school children in the urban communities of Yaoundé in Cameroon, with considerable percentages of affected children diagnosed for the first time in secondary school, and coming from families with low socioeconomic level, having poor diet. Regular measurements of anthropometric parameters and holistic assessment may help for prevention.
Abstract: Background: Stunting in children results from a defective growth. Our objective was to describe the epidemiological and clinical profiles of stature growth delay in school children of an urban community in Cameroon. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out on primary and secondary school children aged between 8 to 15 years, from Januar...
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Hemostasis in the Lab, Approaching to the Correct Diagnosis in the Coagulopathies
Lopez S N,
Cortina DLR E,
Gonzalez P M,
Nunez T M
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
98-104
Received:
2 October 2019
Accepted:
24 February 2020
Published:
6 March 2020
Abstract: Coagulation is the result of a coordinated interaction of blood proteins, circulating cells, endothelium cells and extracellular matrix proteins in the vessel wall. This process works in conjunction with other mechanisms that have to keep the blood in an effective flow, without hemorrity when damage occurs or without a thrombus when clotting begins. Most of the time, there is not so much information that a clotting test gives us, however, in the face of a real clinical scenario that concurrent with a personal haemorrhage, this is essential to take action. In addition, there is a thrombophilic scenario that has to be investigated. In all of them, it is important to note that doctors have to take into account that the pre-analytical phase plays a fundamental role, so it is very important to look around any situation that may impact the patient's results. There is a wide range of laboratory tests to evaluate different mechanisms of hemostasis, according to the history and characteristic of the clinical patient. With this in mind, there is a right time to ask for the right test, to get a better result for diagnosis and treatment. Analytical quality is the set of actions that are carried out in the laboratory with the aim of obtaining an accurate result, reflecting the real situation of the patient. Grossly, platelets, clotting factors and the fibrinolytic system could be studied, not all patients need all tests, they could be solved with a simple test, but may require a deep focus; that is why the patient with a history of mucocutaneous bleeding has to be studied for thrombocytopaties or VWD; a patient with muscle or joint bleeding has to be a factor deficiency test. We propose an initial approach to detecting the pathological situations essential to make decisions. Each person has different symptoms and different approaches, which is why identification and the right tests give us the greatest opportunity to get the right diagnosis.
Abstract: Coagulation is the result of a coordinated interaction of blood proteins, circulating cells, endothelium cells and extracellular matrix proteins in the vessel wall. This process works in conjunction with other mechanisms that have to keep the blood in an effective flow, without hemorrity when damage occurs or without a thrombus when clotting begins...
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Duplication Cysts in Caecum in Three Months Old Girl
Denis Fiolita,
I Putu Gede Karyana,
I Gusti Ngurah Sanjaya Putra,
Ni Nyoman Metriani Nesa,
Made Darmajaya,
Kadek Deddy Ariyanta
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
105-108
Received:
12 February 2020
Accepted:
25 February 2020
Published:
10 March 2020
Abstract: Gastrointestinal duplication cysts are rare congenital anomalies. It can occur in any part of the alimentary tract but they are rare in the caecum. The reported incidence is 1:4.500 births. The exact etiology is unknown. There is no common clinical pattern of signs and symptoms of duplications. The perioperative diagnosis duplication of cysts are often inaccurate. Histopathological examination enables us to confirm the diagnosis. Resection is the treatment of choice with an excellent outcome. The aim of this case report was to describe the clinical presentation and treatment of duplication cysts. A three months old girl had abdominal distention since 7 days before admitted to the hospital. This complaint was accompanied with fever and vomiting. She couldn’t have defecation and had history of black greenish feces. Physical examination revealed distended abdomen and decreased of bowel sound. Laboratory investigation showed normal features, abdominal X-Ray found enlargement of the intestine with increasing of the gas distribution and ground glass appearance. We diagnosed the patient with observation of abdominal distention caused by suspect ileus paralysis with different diagnosis hirschsprung disease. After the diagnosis, laparotomy exploration were performed. During surgical procedure, the surgeon found duplication cysts in the caecum area, then they performed resection with end to end anastomose and took the tissue for biopsy. The biopsy result was duplication cysts. Nine days after surgery, the patient was discharged in good condition. A high index of suspicion for diagnosis duplication cysts was required and the result of surgical treatment was good.
Abstract: Gastrointestinal duplication cysts are rare congenital anomalies. It can occur in any part of the alimentary tract but they are rare in the caecum. The reported incidence is 1:4.500 births. The exact etiology is unknown. There is no common clinical pattern of signs and symptoms of duplications. The perioperative diagnosis duplication of cysts are o...
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Arterial Hypertension in Children with Chronic Kidney Diseases
Karimdzhanov Ilkhamdzhan,
Rakhmanova Lola,
Iskanova Gulshan,
Israilova Nigora,
Yusupova Gulnoza,
Karimova Umida
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
109-116
Received:
18 February 2020
Accepted:
4 March 2020
Published:
10 March 2020
Abstract: Arrterial hypertension (HTN) is one of the most common sequelae of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children. In children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) HTN is several times higher than in the general pediatric population. With progression of CKD, HTN increases, reaching 45-60% in dialysis patients. The regulation of hypertension in children is mandatory in the treatment of CKD due to the fact that hypertension is often goes unrecognized, insufficiently controlled and often masked. The etiology of hypertension is different depending on the age of diagnosis. In newborns and young children, hypertension occurs due to renovascular diseases such as renal venous thrombosis, renal artery stenosis and other renal parenchymal diseases. HTN is considered a marker for disease severity in CKD and is a risk factor for accelerated deterioration of kidney function as well as for cardiovascular disease. Activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system plays a pivotal role in renal hypertension. Оbesity and hyperuricemia are the risk factors for HTN in CKD in children and lead to the progression of CKD. HTN-induced target organ damage (TOD) manifests as microalbuminuria/proteinuria, retinopathy, increase in intima media thickness, atherosclerosis, reduced arterial compliance, cognitive impairment, and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). In adults and children with CKD, ABPM has been found to be superior than causal blood pressure to diagnose hypertension and to monitor adequacy of treatment. The main drug therapy used in children with HTN and CKD consists of ACE inhibitors. Strict BP control and limitation of proteinuria with ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) can slow the progression of CKD.
Abstract: Arrterial hypertension (HTN) is one of the most common sequelae of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children. In children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) HTN is several times higher than in the general pediatric population. With progression of CKD, HTN increases, reaching 45-60% in dialysis patients. The regulation of hypertension in children is m...
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Association of Nurturing at Daycare with Lower Risk of Suspected Emotional and Behavioral Disorders in 3-6 Year-old Children
I. Gusti Ayu Trisna Windiani,
Anlidya Permatasari Gunawijaya,
I. Gusti Agung Ngurah Sugitha Adnyana,
Soetjiningsih
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
117-120
Received:
12 February 2020
Accepted:
26 February 2020
Published:
10 March 2020
Abstract: Emotional and behavioral disorders (E/BD) is a serious problem affecting the development, productivity, and quality of life of children. There were many risk and protective factors associated with this disorder, including caregiving method. The aim of this study is to prove the association of nurturing at daycare with suspected E/BD in 3-6 years-old children. This analytical cross sectional study was conducted in August 2018 at private preschools in Denpasar, Bali. Data were obtained from parents’ interview and Kuesioner Masalah Perilaku dan Emosional (KMPE). Other factors investigated were age, gender, main caregiver, main caregiver’s education, parents’ income, and number of siblings. Total sample in this study was 70 children, mean age 4.46 years-old. Out of 70 children, 38 children (54.3%) had suspected E/BD. Twenty-six children (37.1%) was nurtured at daycare. There was significant association of nurturing at daycare with suspected E/BD (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed significant association of nurturing at daycare (OR 0.097; 95%CI 0.028, 0.344; p<0.001) and main caregiver other than biological parents (OR 6.92; 95%CI 1.647, 29.073; p=0.003) with suspected E/BD. There was association of nurturing at daycare with lower risk of suspected E/BD in 3-6 years-old children.
Abstract: Emotional and behavioral disorders (E/BD) is a serious problem affecting the development, productivity, and quality of life of children. There were many risk and protective factors associated with this disorder, including caregiving method. The aim of this study is to prove the association of nurturing at daycare with suspected E/BD in 3-6 years-ol...
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Factors Associated with Stunting in School Children of an Urban Community in Cameroon
Georges Pius Kamsu Moyo,
Ivan Fred Kamsi Djomkam
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
121-124
Received:
7 February 2020
Accepted:
27 February 2020
Published:
17 March 2020
Abstract: Background: Stunting is a condition that occurs as a result of a defective growth process. It may remain unnoticed in some children, with the diagnosis made as late as during adolescence. The accurate diagnosis of stunting is mainly done by physical examination, including the assessment of anthropometric parameters, while etiological explorations may require deeper and more complex investigations such as radiological and hormonal or endocrinal analyses. The various etiologies described in the literature may vary from nutritional, hormonal, pathological to psychological factors. A number of determinants of stunting in children have equally been documented, but they may vary from one context to another according to environmental factors. The effective management of stunting generally relies on the treatment of the underlying causes and the prevention of risk factors. Our objective was to determine the factors associated with stunting in school children living in an urban community of Yaounde, Cameroon. Methods: An analytic cross-sectional study was carried out on primary and secondary school children aged from 8 to 15 years, between January and June 2015. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were made to identify risk factors and eventually predictive factors. Results: The study involved 1442 children of which 79 presented stature delay. After bivariate analysis, the risk factors associated with stunting were: the presence of chronic pathological conditions (p=0.03), low socioeconomic level (p=0.0022), poor or limited diet (p=0.03), delayed puberty (p=0), and children “living with their mothers only” (p=0.02). After multivariate analysis, low socioeconomic level (OR=4.2; CI=1.7-10.3), children “living with their mother only” (OR=0.2; CI=0.6-0.8), and delayed puberty (OR=12.6; CI=4.9-31.8) persisted as independent predictive factors. Conclusion: Common risk factors such as chronic pathologies, low socioeconomic level, poor or limited diet and delayed puberty which are generally incriminated by various researches were verified in this survey. Delayed puberty was the most strongly associated factor, followed by “low socioeconomic level” and children “living with their mothers only”, which appeared as predictive factors as well. Nevertheless, children “living with their mothers only” were protected from stunting. Therefore, improvement of socioeconomic standards, food quality, prevention of chronic pathologies and delayed puberty may help to reduce stunting in such children. While mothers’ presence for nurturing and affective attention is necessary.
Abstract: Background: Stunting is a condition that occurs as a result of a defective growth process. It may remain unnoticed in some children, with the diagnosis made as late as during adolescence. The accurate diagnosis of stunting is mainly done by physical examination, including the assessment of anthropometric parameters, while etiological explorations m...
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Neonatal Determinants of Mothers’ Affective Involvement in Newly Delivered Cameroonian Women
Georges Pius Kamsu Moyo,
Raïssa Monayong Mendomo,
Sonia Zebaze,
Laura Kuate Makowa,
Christiale Batibonack,
Audrey Thérese Mbang
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
125-128
Received:
7 February 2020
Accepted:
25 February 2020
Published:
17 March 2020
Abstract: Background: Emotional instability represents a common psychological impairment experienced by newly delivered women, susceptible to impact mothers’ affective involvement and hence mother-infant bonding. It may occur as early as during the first two weeks of early postpartum, manifesting firstly with the baby blues also known as postpartum or maternity blues, and secondly with postpartum depression or psychosis. Mother-infant bonding as defined in this study refers to the emotional attachment that normally exist between a mother and her newly born infant. Factors susceptible to impact mother-infant bonding may be maternal, environmental, neonatal, or a combination of all, with possible repercussions on the neonate’s neurological and psycho-affective development. Objective: We aimed to identify and assess neonatal determinants of mothers’ affective involvement few days after delivery in Cameroonian women. Method: A case-control study was carried out over a period of four months in 2015, in two teaching hospitals of Yaoundé, Cameroon among 321 newly delivered women of which 107 had been diagnosed with emotional instability (the cases), and 214 emotionally stable women (the controls). Results: Neonatal factors associated with mothers’ emotional swings also known as the baby blues were babies presenting health problems (OR=4.33; p<0.001), mothers’ difficulties in taking care of the baby (OR=7.65; p<0.001), having given birth to a baby of female sex (OR=1.66; p=0.033). Conclusion: Emotional instability and mood swings causing affective impairments in mothers few days after delivery may be associated with a number of neonatal factors which account for its onset. There exists a susceptibility to the alteration of mother-infant bonding which can resound on neonatal neurological and psycho-affective development. This may be prevented by optimal preparation for maternity including baby care practices, perinatal counselling, mothers’ assistance, and encouraged breastfeeding.
Abstract: Background: Emotional instability represents a common psychological impairment experienced by newly delivered women, susceptible to impact mothers’ affective involvement and hence mother-infant bonding. It may occur as early as during the first two weeks of early postpartum, manifesting firstly with the baby blues also known as postpartum or matern...
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Discussing the “First Cry” as an Initial Assessment for Neonates
Georges Pius Kamsu Moyo,
Joel Romaric Momo Tetsiguia
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
129-132
Received:
7 February 2020
Accepted:
19 February 2020
Published:
17 March 2020
Abstract: Background: Crying is common in newly born infants. For many years, it has been considered as a sign of vitality and wellbeing in neonates. However, recent studies have shown that the most important event in neonates’ adaptation to extra-uterine life is “breathing”. Nevertheless, there seems to be multiple organ systems involvement in the act of crying which can be compared with conventional assessments for newly born infants. This review aims at describing the act of crying in newborns, in order to discuss its physiological or pathological significance, so as to elucidate or deny its importance in the initial assessment of a newborn. Method: A review of the literature which was based on the collection and the screening of various scientific articles treating the topic was made, with relevant information reported and their pertinence discussed accordingly. Results: It appears that there is multiple organ systems involvement during crying which can be superposed to conventional assessments such as the Apgar score. Conclusion: The first cry may be considered as an assurance of effective and spontaneous breathing, and is generally associated with multiple organ system involvement, similar to those evaluated by conventional assessments such as the Apgar score. Therefore, the “first cry” alone when present, may be effective in the initial assessment of a neonate, as far as adaptation to extra uterine life is concerned.
Abstract: Background: Crying is common in newly born infants. For many years, it has been considered as a sign of vitality and wellbeing in neonates. However, recent studies have shown that the most important event in neonates’ adaptation to extra-uterine life is “breathing”. Nevertheless, there seems to be multiple organ systems involvement in the act of cr...
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Level of Satisfaction of Children with Chronic Disease That Follows the Method Bemo Keliling "Si Boling" During Hospitalization at Sanglah Hospital
I. Gusti Ayu Trisna Windiani,
Yohannes Adinatha,
I. Gusti Agung Ngurah Sugitha Adnyana,
Soetjiningsih
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
133-137
Received:
26 February 2020
Accepted:
9 March 2020
Published:
18 March 2020
Abstract: Chronic disease in childhood and adolescence can have psychological and mental disorders because they have to come to visit repeatedly, lay down in hospital, fear, and boredom while undergoing treatment. Play intervention therapy is expected to reduce the negative impact of hospitalization. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of satisfaction of children with chronic diseases to the therapeutic method of playing Bemo Keliling (Si Boling). Crossectional study design using a questionnaire that assesses the level of satisfaction of children with chronic diseases that hospitalization at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar to the Boling intervention therapy in October 2018. Sample of 25 children with chronic diseases such as hematological cancer and solid tumors, auto-immune and hematological disorders. From the results of the patient response questionnaire after Boling found 64% expressed very satisfied, 64% expressed no sadness when seeking hospitalization at the Sanglah Hospital, 56% stated the information/insight increased, and 76% were willing to continue treatment. In the 5-7 years age group, 75% prefer coloring activities and educational games, and the 8-18 year age group prefer to reading. Related to the type of reading, the 5-7 years age group prefers the flora/fauna type (83%), while the 8-18 year age group types of folklore, encyclopedias and novels. There was no significant differences in the level of satisfaction of patients who prefer coloring activities and educational games than reading activities (P=0.640). Boling is expected to have a positive impact on children with chronic diseases undergoing hospitalization at Sanglah Hospital.
Abstract: Chronic disease in childhood and adolescence can have psychological and mental disorders because they have to come to visit repeatedly, lay down in hospital, fear, and boredom while undergoing treatment. Play intervention therapy is expected to reduce the negative impact of hospitalization. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of sat...
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Children and Adolescents’ Violence: The Pattern and Determinants Beyond Psychological Theories
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
138-145
Received:
7 February 2020
Accepted:
27 February 2020
Published:
24 March 2020
Abstract: Background: Violence may be assimilated to actions or words that are intended to hurt. Youth violence includes a wide range of aggressive acts that may vary from bullying and physical fighting, to most serious forms such as homicide. Africa and Latin America are the continents where the highest rates of youth violence and homicide are reported. For many years in the past, media violence exposure alone was incriminated for children violence, but as time went on, it became clear that children violence is more of a resultant to a combination of factors contributing with varying degrees according to age, the intensity of exposure to a predisposing factor and the individual’s predisposition or susceptibility to violence. This review aims to present in simple and accessible terms the various aspects of children and adolescents’ violence. Epidemiological and psycho-pathophysiological aspects are described, with emphasis laid on the various risk factors and possible preventive measures. Method: A review based on past and recent publications treating the subject was done. The literature was screened, with relevant information critically analyzed. Results: The recurrent predictive factors for children and adolescents’ violence found in the literature are: the exposure to media and community violence, drug use and abuse, neuropsychiatric and psychological disorders that manifest or worsen with violence, and inadequate parenting models. These predisposing factors are underlined by some other determinants such as gender, genetic and individual factors, culture, poverty, and peer effect or companionship principally. Conclusion: Violence in children is determined by intrinsic factors such as the developmental stage or age, individual’s susceptibility or natural predisposition, and environmental factors such as media and community influences. The most essential of the preventive measures are based on the reduction of the various risk factors and their determinants which may be achieved by parental, scholar and governmental regulations.
Abstract: Background: Violence may be assimilated to actions or words that are intended to hurt. Youth violence includes a wide range of aggressive acts that may vary from bullying and physical fighting, to most serious forms such as homicide. Africa and Latin America are the continents where the highest rates of youth violence and homicide are reported. For...
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Sensitivity and Resistant Pattern of Commonly Used Drugs in UTI in Younger Children: A Study in a Tertiary Care Level Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Farhana Noman,
Gulsan Ara Zahan,
Ferdousi Hasnat,
Md. Kariul Islam
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
146-151
Received:
5 February 2020
Accepted:
24 February 2020
Published:
24 March 2020
Abstract: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common types of infections in children. Resistance to drug used in UTI is universal crisis in the present world. UTIs are usually caused by bacteria living on or in our bodies, and require treatment with antibiotics. A prospectively observational study was conducted in Kurmitola General Hospital (KGH) from January 2018 to December 2018. A total of 519 culture positive UTI children were considered for analysis. Colony counts for these samples were identified, and the profile of antibiotic resistance was identified. Here, samples with a colony count of ≥105 CFU/mL bacteria were considered positive. Among the children 416 children took antibiotics without prescription and among them 205 (49.2%) was culture positive. The most common pathogen was E-coli (74.31%) which prevailed that taking antibiotics without prescription is highly associated with the drug resistant UTI recurrent abdominal pain. Researcher took 19 antibiotics for susceptibility testing to identify the most resistant and safe drug for the UTI patients. According to the present study sensitive antibiotics were Cephradine 0%, Cefotaxim 0%, Imepenam 100%, Cotrimoxale 46%, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid 0%, Cefixime 36%, Cefuroxime 19%, Ceftriaxone 22%, Azithromycin 25%, Nitrofurantoin 66%, Ceftazidime 19%, Ciprofloxacin 47%, Nalidixic acid 36%, Levofloxacin 71% Colistin 79%, Gentamycin 80%, Netilmycin 80%, Amikacin 80% and Meropenam 40%. On the other hand, resistance was Cephradine 100%, Cefotaxim 100%, Imepenam 0%, Cotrimoxale 54%, Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid 100%, Cefixime 64%, Cefuroxime 81%, Ceftriaxone 78%, Azithromycin 75%, Nitrofurantoin 34%, Ceftazidime 81%, Ciprofloxacin 53%, Nalidixic acid 64%, Levofloxacin 29%, Colistin 21%, Gentamycin 20%, Netilmycin 20%, Amikacin 20% and Meropenam 60%. So, the most sensitive drug was Imepenam 100% and the most resistant drugs were Cephradine and Cefotaxim 100% resistance against urinary pathogens. Association between antibiotic use, drug resistance and use of with and without prescription in UTI patients was highly significant. We suggest that empirical antibiotic selection should be based on knowledge of the local prevalence of bacterial organism and their antibiotic resistance in a specific area rather than on universal or even national guidelines.
Abstract: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common types of infections in children. Resistance to drug used in UTI is universal crisis in the present world. UTIs are usually caused by bacteria living on or in our bodies, and require treatment with antibiotics. A prospectively observational study was conducted in Kurmitola General Hospital (...
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Takayasu’s Arteritis with Renovascular Damage: A Case Report
Ilkhamdzhan Karimdzhanov,
Dilorom Atayeva Rakhimjanovna,
Alovkhon Suleymanov,
Gulshan Iskanova,
Sanjar Egamberdiyev
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
152-158
Received:
19 February 2020
Accepted:
9 March 2020
Published:
31 March 2020
Abstract: Takayasu’s arteritis characterizes with severe damage of medium- and large-sized arteries. The pathophysiological progression of full-thickness inflammation of the vessel wall and subsequent fibrosis usually occurs with vascular stenosis and/or occlusion, causing ischemia of the corresponding organs, which is associated with high mortality. the suppression of vascular and systemic inflammation is a major aspect of medical treatment. Glucocorticoids (GC) have been the cornerstone of treatment in TA induction. The remission rate of GC mono-therapy is as high as 60%. However, nearly 80% of patients develop progressive or alternating (recurrence and remission) forms of TA. The current case report focuses on a Asian middle-aged woman who complained pain in arms, headache, cardiodynia, nausea, edema in lower extremities, low appetite, high blood pressure, loss of physical activity, malaise, and fatigue for as many as 6 years. Deferred diagnosis and lack of specific treatment could explain the severity of the arterial injury at time of hospital admission. Angiography showed multiple narrowing and atherosclerosis of the abdominal and thoracic aorta, unilateral occlusion of the subclavian artery, unilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery, stenosis of the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, bilateral renal arteries, enlarged pulmonary trunk, and unilateral hypoplasia of the left kidney. Early diagnosis and treatment is warranted. Outcome appears to be favorable when the disease is quiescent. Renovascular damage and hypertension is usually resistant to medical therapy and frequently requires complex therapy with invasive management methods, such as angioplasty or surgical bypass.
Abstract: Takayasu’s arteritis characterizes with severe damage of medium- and large-sized arteries. The pathophysiological progression of full-thickness inflammation of the vessel wall and subsequent fibrosis usually occurs with vascular stenosis and/or occlusion, causing ischemia of the corresponding organs, which is associated with high mortality. the sup...
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Bilharzioma of Meckel's Diverticulum: A Case Report of Unusual Location
Mohamed Abdulhadi Al-Bahlooly,
Ahmed Hamood Al-Shehari,
Abdulhakim Ali Mohammed Al-Selwi,
Saeed Hadi Al-Bahlooli
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
159-161
Received:
23 February 2020
Accepted:
16 March 2020
Published:
14 April 2020
Abstract: Bilharzioma is pseudotumor caused by Schistosoma infestation that is localized most common in large bowel. Different localizations of Bilharzioma such as breast, lung, spinal cord and female genitalia have been reported. In this unusual case report, for a 12-year-old boy, atypical location of bilharzioma was found after operation for a presumed appendicitis. It was localized at the tip of Meckel's diverticulum (Figure 1). The diagnostic histological findings of the biopsy specimens are shown in Figure 2 and figure 3. The patient was from an endemic area of bilharziasis in Dhamar governorate. He was suffering of chronic right iliac fossa pain identical to appendicitis. The pain was intermittent and associated with irregular tenesmus, diarrhea and low grade fever. There was no history of previous treatment for bilharziasis. At discharge this patient was treated with Praziquantel and at follow-up one month later there was complete recovery. This case report shed the light on the importance of histopathologic analysis of Meckel’s diverticulum as it may be mistaken for an inflammatory or malignant disease.
Abstract: Bilharzioma is pseudotumor caused by Schistosoma infestation that is localized most common in large bowel. Different localizations of Bilharzioma such as breast, lung, spinal cord and female genitalia have been reported. In this unusual case report, for a 12-year-old boy, atypical location of bilharzioma was found after operation for a presumed app...
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Risk Factors of Neonatal Death in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Sheik Hassan Yabare Referral Hospital, East Ethiopia, 2019: Unmatched Case Control Study
Mohamed Omar Osman,
Abdikani Mawlid Nur,
Abdilahi Omer Abdilahi,
Ahmed Mohammed Ibrahim
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
162-167
Received:
7 March 2020
Accepted:
23 March 2020
Published:
23 April 2020
Abstract: Child and neonatal mortality are a grave problem in Ethiopia. The first one month of life-the neonatal period is the most vulnerable time for a child’s survival. Ethiopia remains to have one of the highest rates of neonatal deaths in Africa with the rate of 30 deaths per 1000 live births. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the risk factors of neonatal death among Neonates admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Sheik Hassan Yabare Referral Hospital, East Ethiopia. Materials and methods: Unmatched Case Control Study was conducted from August 1 to August 30, 2019. Data were extracted from the medical records of neonates admitted during a two-year period from July 30, 2017 to August 01, 2019. using pretested questionnaire. Cases and controls were selected using the systematic sampling technique. Data were entered using Epidata 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 23.0 for cleaning and analyses. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were done to determine factors associated with neonatal mortality and P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 76 (33.3%) cases and 152 (66.7%) controls were included in this study. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the possible risk factors of neonatal death in this study were; history of maternal urinary tract infection or sexually transmitted infection [AOR=3.058; 95% CI (1.136-8.229)]. Conclusion: The major risk factor of neonatal mortality in this study was maternal urinary tract infection, it was also investigated risk factors such as Residence, Birth weight, Parity, Antenatal visits, Type of breastfeeding, premature rupture of membranes or Place of delivery, Intrauterine growth retardation but were not observed to be predictors for neonatal death. Consolidation of the existing risk-based prevention and treatment strategies as well as boosting up of antenatal care and institutional delivery practices are recommended to improve neonatal survival.
Abstract: Child and neonatal mortality are a grave problem in Ethiopia. The first one month of life-the neonatal period is the most vulnerable time for a child’s survival. Ethiopia remains to have one of the highest rates of neonatal deaths in Africa with the rate of 30 deaths per 1000 live births. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the risk f...
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Risk Factors of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm
Anak Agung Made Wijaya Kusuma,
Eka Gunawijaya,
I Gusti Ngurah Sanjaya Putra,
Ni Putu Veny Kartika Yantie,
I Made Kardana,
I Made Gede Dwi Lingga Utama,
I Wayan Gustawan
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
168-172
Received:
14 March 2020
Accepted:
7 April 2020
Published:
29 April 2020
Abstract: Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) is one of acyanotic congenital heart diseases that often occurs in preterm infants and closely related to an increased risk of complications for sufferers. Identification of PDA risk factors in preterm infants is very important, so that the diagnosis and management can be done earlier. In this study we aimed to determine risk factors of PDA in preterm infants. This case-control study was conducted between July 2017 and April 2018, analysed 43 preterm infants with PDA as the case group and 43 preterm infants without PDA as the control group. The basic information related to characteristics, risk of infection and perinatal history in both groups were collected. Bivariate and multivariate analysis with logistic regression were performed to identify risk factors for PDA. We found several factors were identified significantly (P<0.05) as risk factors for PDA including premature rupture of membranes >12 hours (OR 7.25; 95% CI: 2.08 - 25.09) and thrombocytopenia in the first 24 hours (OR 15.11; 95% CI: 3.73 - 61.13). This study concluded premature rupture of membranes >12 hours and thrombocytopenia in the first 24 hours were proven to increase the risk of PDA in preterm infants.
Abstract: Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) is one of acyanotic congenital heart diseases that often occurs in preterm infants and closely related to an increased risk of complications for sufferers. Identification of PDA risk factors in preterm infants is very important, so that the diagnosis and management can be done earlier. In this study we aimed to determ...
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Invasive Myofibromatosis with Visceral Involvement in a Term Newborn: A Case Report
Erica Ortiz,
Aaina Kochhar,
Indira Chandrasekar
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
173-177
Received:
16 March 2020
Accepted:
2 April 2020
Published:
29 April 2020
Abstract: Background: Infantile myofibromatosis is a rare disease characterized by solitary or multiple benign tumors. Aggressive myofibromatosis with extensive visceral involvement at birth is a very rare condition with poor prognosis. Case report: We report a term male infant born with multi-system myofibromatosis involving the skin, bone, brain, heart, lung, and GI tract. The patient received chemotherapy but had a protracted clinical course complicated by intestinal obstruction and perforation, and failure to thrive. Pathology of the tumor showed presence of spindle cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of this tissue was positive for vimentin, smooth muscle actin, and CD34 but negative for Muscle-Specific Actin (MSA) and desmin. Also, electron microscopic analysis detected the presence of subcellular myofibroblastic structures. Next generation sequencing analysis of the patient’s blood and tumor tissues identified a germline mutation in PDGFRB gene p. R561C allele (c.1681C>T), as well as a second activating PDGFRB mutation (p. N666S) which was present in the tumor tissue only. Parental testing showed that the germline mutation was inherited from the father, who was asymptomatic. The second mutation is likely responsible for the aggressive nature of the condition in this patient. He eventually died due to cardiorespiratory failure. Conclusion: Early diagnosis by pathology and genetic analysis in patients’ with extensive myofibromatosis will help to determine targeted chemotherapy and prognosis.
Abstract: Background: Infantile myofibromatosis is a rare disease characterized by solitary or multiple benign tumors. Aggressive myofibromatosis with extensive visceral involvement at birth is a very rare condition with poor prognosis. Case report: We report a term male infant born with multi-system myofibromatosis involving the skin, bone, brain, heart, lu...
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Study on the Effects of IC-ECG Method in Neonatal PICC Catheterization
Liu Yintian,
Liao Qiuying,
He Jinai,
Lin Na
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
178-182
Received:
29 March 2020
Accepted:
17 April 2020
Published:
29 April 2020
Abstract: Objective: To compare the effects of Intracavitary Electrocardiography (IC-ECG) method and in vitro measurement for positioning the tip of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) in neonates, and investigate the influence of these two methods on PICC complications. Methods: Neonates who received PICC in the neonate intensive care unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University from January 2015 to August 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups: the observation group with both IC-ECG method and in vitro measurement and the control group only with in vitro measurement. Chest X-ray were taken for both groups after the catheterization to confirm the catheter tip position. Statistics about catheter tip position, final extubation rate and PICC-related complications were collected and compared. Results: A total of 348 patients were enrolled (181 observation group, 167 control group). Two groups were comparable in terms of gender, gestational age, birth weight, catheterized side and vein during catheterization with no statistical significance. In the observation group, 173 (95.6%) had P-wave amplitude changes, including 4 (2.2%) were positioned at the upper 1/3 of the superior vena cava (SVC), 28 (15.5%) at the middle 1/3 of SVC, 104 (57.5%) at lower 1/3 of SVC; 38 cases (21.0%) at the right atrium or right ventricle, 7 (3.9%) at other parts, and the proportion of above situations in control group were 7 (4.2%), 15 (9.0%), 33 (19.8%), 48 (28.7%), and 47 (38.3%), respectively. The final extubation rate in the observation group was 86.2% (n=156), and the complication-casued extubation rate was 13.8% (n=25) while that in control group was 67.1% (n=112) and 32.9% (n=55), respectively. The differences between two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Application of IC-ECG-guided PICC in neonates can improve the accuracy of catheter tip position and final extubation rate, and reduce the incidence of catheter-related complications.
Abstract: Objective: To compare the effects of Intracavitary Electrocardiography (IC-ECG) method and in vitro measurement for positioning the tip of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) in neonates, and investigate the influence of these two methods on PICC complications. Methods: Neonates who received PICC in the neonate intensive care unit of the ...
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