-
Onychomadesis (Nails Shedding) Secondary to Enterovirus Herpangina Like Infection and Without the Skin Manifestations of Hand Foot Mouth Disease
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
78-81
Received:
6 May 2019
Accepted:
10 June 2019
Published:
26 June 2019
Abstract: Onychomadesis or onycholysis is a newly recognized complication in the course of viral infections particularly the Hand Foot Mouth Disease (HFMD) in children and adults. Onychomadesis is characterized by proximal separation of the nail plate from the nail matrix due to temporary cessation of growth of the nail matrix. The etiology of onychomadesis is including infections, trauma, medications side effects, systemic diseases and idiopathic. The association of the HFMD and the onychomadesis first reported in the year 2000. Since then, few studies and case reports published illustrating the relationship of the HFMD and the resultant onychomadesis 4 to 8 weeks after the resolution of the HFMD. HFMD is a relatively common viral infection, especially in children of preschool age. It is usually presented with characteristic eruption on hands, feet and mouth. Out breaks may happen in nurseries and schools. HFMD usually caused by enteroviruses, most commonly, Coxsackie virus A (CVA) and enterovirus 71 (EV71). It is usually self-limiting disease however; serious neurological complications have been reported with EV71. The enteroviruses that cause HFMD and nail changes may cause herpangina which is unlike the HFMD, usually characterized by mouth spots on the soft palate without the skin manifestations, however onychomadesis was not reported before with herpangina. This case presented with no HFMD eruption but small red spots on the soft palate consistent with herpangina. Enterovirus was isolated from throat swab and the onychomadesis occurred 1 month after the resolution of the soft palate spots. It is the first case report about nail changes occurring after herpangina presentation. It is therefore important that in patients presented with onychomadesis to consider the review of the patient's history not only for HFMD but herpangina and possible other EV infections, 8 weeks before the nail changes, to avoid unnecessary referrals, concerns and over investigations. The exact mechanism of the nail changes is not yet known and a review of theories behind the nail damage will be considered in this report.
Abstract: Onychomadesis or onycholysis is a newly recognized complication in the course of viral infections particularly the Hand Foot Mouth Disease (HFMD) in children and adults. Onychomadesis is characterized by proximal separation of the nail plate from the nail matrix due to temporary cessation of growth of the nail matrix. The etiology of onychomadesis ...
Show More
-
Associated Factors to Nutritional Status and Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices in Rural Area of Burkina Faso: A Study in Ouargaye Health District
Siri Baperman Abdel Aziz,
Bengaly Marcel,
Konkonbo/Kouanda Zenab,
Coulibaly Soumaila,
Garanet Franck,
Catraye Dossou Joseph
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
82-90
Received:
13 May 2019
Accepted:
19 June 2019
Published:
1 July 2019
Abstract: Although the global trend of malnutrition among children under five is declining, it remains a major public health problem in developing countries such as Burkina Faso. IYCF are major determinants of nutritional status and hence health and child survival. Material and Method: We carried out a cross-sectional study in primary health care centers randomly selected. The objectives of this work were to analyze associated factors to children’s nutritional status and child feeding. The Z-scores (WHO, 2006) were used to determine nutritional’s status of the children. The quality of feeding practices was assessed according to IYCF index. Results: In total, we surveyed 287 children. The average age of children was 10.87 months. The sex ratio was at 1:11. Among children, the prevalence of underweight was 19.2%, that of stunting 31.2% and that of wasting 10.1%. Multigravidity was the predictive risk factor related to underweight in children. Practice of EBF was associated with Z-score Height/Age (p=0.04). The majority (70%) of children had a good score of IYCF index. Among children aged 9–12 months, the Z-score Height/Age (p=0.04) and Z-score Weight/Height (p=0.001) were associated with IYCF index in univariate analysis. For those with at least 12 months of age, sex ant type of habit was the predictive risk factors associated to IYCF index. Conclusion: Malnutrition is common in children. Feeding practices are good and are not associated with sociodemographic characteristics of mothers. IYCF index score decreases with age and is lower after 12 months.
Abstract: Although the global trend of malnutrition among children under five is declining, it remains a major public health problem in developing countries such as Burkina Faso. IYCF are major determinants of nutritional status and hence health and child survival. Material and Method: We carried out a cross-sectional study in primary health care centers ran...
Show More
-
Acute Otitis Media in Childhood - Use of Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment in Emergency Rooms
Eduardo Jorge da Fonseca Lima,
Fernanda Zeilmann Cazzetta,
Maria Eduarda de Araújo Cabral,
Caroline Cordeiro de Andrade,
Pedro Jorge Serra da Fonseca Lima,
Patrícia Gomes de Matos Bezerra
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
91-97
Received:
22 May 2019
Accepted:
24 June 2019
Published:
4 July 2019
Abstract: Background: AOM is characterized by its high prevalence and morbidity but low lethality. It is estimated that 70% of children will have had one episode prior to completing five years of age Compliance with the guidelines for acute otitis media (AOM) may avoid complications. This study aimed at determining whether pediatricians follow the guidelines for AOM management. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study involving pediatricians working in emergency centers in Recife. A specific questionnaire was used to collect data. Results: Of the 71 pediatrics interviewed around 98% gave importance to crying/irritability and otalgia when diagnosing otitis and all recognized the significance of otorrhoea. All the professionals gave importance to bulging tympanic membrane, 98.6% to acute tympanic membrane perforation, 97.1% to purulent effusion and 46.5% to bilateral hyperemia of the tympanic membrane. Regarding antibiotic therapy, 70.4% used standard doses of amoxicillin as first-line treatment (81.7% prescribing for 10 days). Furthermore only 47.9% double the dose in case of therapeutic failure. Conclusion: Pediatricians working in emergency departments need to be better informed about the guidelines to decrease inappropriate prescription of antibiotics for AOM. We believe that adoption of the “wait and see” strategy, even in emergency rooms, would be an important means of reducing the inadequate prescription of antibiotics in cases of AOM, thus contributing towards reducing bacterial resistance.
Abstract: Background: AOM is characterized by its high prevalence and morbidity but low lethality. It is estimated that 70% of children will have had one episode prior to completing five years of age Compliance with the guidelines for acute otitis media (AOM) may avoid complications. This study aimed at determining whether pediatricians follow the guidelines...
Show More
-
Recurrent Bacterial Meningitis in Paediatrics
Gihad Alsaeed,
Ibrahim Alsaeed,
Mohamed Alsaeed
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
98-103
Received:
23 May 2019
Accepted:
26 June 2019
Published:
4 July 2019
Abstract: The number of studies about recurrent bacterial meningitis (RBM) diagnostic challenge in children is limited. Structural approach and early diagnosis of an underlying pathology are crucial to prevent further episodes and improve the overall outcome [1]. 1.3% of children with bacterial meningitis had experienced at least one previous episode. Anatomic abnormalities are the most common predisposing factor for RBM, and congenital inner ear malformation is the leading cause [2]. Acquired immune deficiency (HIV) forms an important cause of RBM in some areas [22]. Terminal Complement defect is the leading congenital immunodeficiency that may cause RBM [1]. History of head trauma is an important factor but should not lead to exclude other important factors. Isolation of a specific bacterial organism can guide the diagnostic approach. We want to report a case of recurrent bacterial meningitis in a 12 year old boy with a small nasal ethmoidal CSF- leak fistula activation after 6 years of a head trauma. A diagnostic approach has been suggested depending on review of many trusted studies and clinical experiences.
Abstract: The number of studies about recurrent bacterial meningitis (RBM) diagnostic challenge in children is limited. Structural approach and early diagnosis of an underlying pathology are crucial to prevent further episodes and improve the overall outcome [1]. 1.3% of children with bacterial meningitis had experienced at least one previous episode. Anatom...
Show More
-
Proportion of Low Birth Weight Neonates and Associated Factors Among Mothers Delivered in Wolaita Sodo University Teaching and Referral Hospital, Ethiopia, 2018
Maseresha Assefa Demissie,
Lemma Desalegn Hailu,
Kelemu Abebe Gelaw
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
104-110
Received:
29 May 2019
Accepted:
29 June 2019
Published:
31 July 2019
Abstract: Low birth weight continues to remain a major public health problem in Ethiopia in contrast to what is observed in many developing countries. The objective of this studt was to asses the proportion of low birth weight and associated factors among mothers who delivered in Wolaita Sodo University Teaching and Referral Hospital,2018. Retrospective cross-sectional study was employed. A total of 295 study participants were participated and selected by using systematic random sampling techniques. The data was entered and cleaned by Epi info version 7.0 and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used.. Significance was declared at P<0.05 in a multivariable logistic interval with 95% of a confidence interval. The study indicated that 35(12.7%) of the mothers delivered low birth weight In multivariable analysis; Gestational age (AOR=12.203, 95%CI=4.695-31.716), primi (AOR=3.526, 95% CI =1.388-8.955), pregenancy type (AOR=3.491, 95% CI =1.063-11.464). Antenatal care visit (AOR=9.643, 95% CI=1.369-67.937). The finding of this study was low. The quality of cost-effective focused antenatal care, identifying obstetric complications and addressing them timely is recommended as to the occurrence of low birth weight could be minimized.
Abstract: Low birth weight continues to remain a major public health problem in Ethiopia in contrast to what is observed in many developing countries. The objective of this studt was to asses the proportion of low birth weight and associated factors among mothers who delivered in Wolaita Sodo University Teaching and Referral Hospital,2018. Retrospective cros...
Show More
-
Dengue Infection in Children: Clinical Profile and Outcome in Dhaka City
Kamrunnaher Shultana,
A. Z. M. Motiur Rahman,
Abdullah Al Baki,
Md. Shohidul Islam Khan,
Bishwajit Deb,
Dhiman Chowdhury,
A. B. M. Rezaul Karim Mir,
Fariha Sabrina,
Shadia Zaman,
Md. Mozammel Haque
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
111-115
Received:
21 June 2019
Accepted:
15 July 2019
Published:
31 July 2019
Abstract: Dengue is a self-limiting acute mosquito born disease caused by Dengue virus. Dengue infections may be asymptomatic or can result in a wide spectrum of disease severity ranging from an influenza-like illness (Dengue fever) to the life-threatening Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)/Dengue shock syndrome (DSS). We aimed to analyze the variation in clinical spectrum, outcome and possible risk factors for fatality among Dengue infected children. This was an observational study carried out over a period of one year involving 89 children up to 15 years of age. Upon clinical suspicion Dengue was confirmed by NS 1 antigen and/or Dengue antibody IgM, IgG. Positive Dengue cases were enrolled & interviewed and the information obtained related to the risk factors, clinical presentation, pattern of Dengue infection and outcome were documented in the pre-structured questionnaire. Among the 89 studied children the highest percentage (51.68%) was between 0-5 year and male female ratio was 1.2: 1. Mosquito net was not used by (74.15%) children and there was source of stagnant water in/near the house of (13.48%) children. Fever was present in (100%), rash in (48.31%), nausea/vomiting in (37.07%), headache in (12.35%), myalgia/arthralgia/backache (13.48%), retro orbital pain (1.12%) and abdominal pain in (23.59%) patient. Epistaxis was the commonest (70%) form of bleeding. CNS involvement was in the form of restlessness/irritability (19.10%), altered sensorium (2.24%) and convulsion. Pleural effusion was commoner than ascites; (25.84%) and (12.35%) respectively. Among the enrolled children Dengue fever was (74.15%), Dengue hemorrhagic fever (6.74%) and Dengue shock syndrome (19.10%). Two patients died out of 17 from Dengue shock syndrome which was (11.76%). World Health Organization (WHO) guideline based management should be applied in assessing and managing Dengue cases to reduce mortality rate. Public awareness should be widened to prevent Dengue.
Abstract: Dengue is a self-limiting acute mosquito born disease caused by Dengue virus. Dengue infections may be asymptomatic or can result in a wide spectrum of disease severity ranging from an influenza-like illness (Dengue fever) to the life-threatening Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)/Dengue shock syndrome (DSS). We aimed to analyze the variation in clinic...
Show More
-
Analysing the Impacts of Individual Factors on Decision Making and Strengthening Positive Attitudes on Vaccination
Sead Karakas,
Mateja Paklarcic,
Ermina Kukic,
Jasna Zukic
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
116-124
Received:
17 June 2019
Accepted:
17 July 2019
Published:
5 August 2019
Abstract: Aims and objectives: This paperwork aims to analyse the knowledge and attitudes on immunisation, subjective perceptions of the risks and decision theory of vaccination amongst the specific female population living in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Purpose: The purpose of the research is to point out the significance of parents’ decisions and strengthening of positive attitudes on vaccination. Material and methods: The research was conducted during 2018. Females from different parts of the Federation were asked questions. There were 4000 respondents of different ages ranging from 20 to 50 years old females (approximately 1% of the target population). The respondents were classified according to their place of living (urban/rural), and also being a parent or not. The questionnaire was answered by 2504 respondents being parents with a certain experience with immunisation of their children, but also 1496 future parents who expressed their attitude towards immunisation. For this research, a special questionnaire was used, comprising 18 questions classified into 4 different groups. Results: Most of the respondents (71.2%) who already have children claim they vaccinated their children completely whereas 2.0% respondents from urban areas and 1.3% from rural areas explicitly refuse to vaccinate their children. The rest of the respondents (25.4%) claim they partially vaccinated their children or they are not familiar with the vaccination status of their children. Our research shows that parents are mostly informed about vaccinations and immunisation by some medical workers – paediatricians (36.6%). This research also suggests that respondents are showing a great level of reluctance and scepticism towards some medical workers and that only 40.6% of respondents unconditionally trust their doctor. Additionally, the results show that considering the safety of vaccines there are significant differences amongst urban and rural population. In urban areas, 18.8% of respondents claim that they completely trust vaccines and in rural areas there are 36.2% of respondents trusting them. Conclusion: We may conclude that personal experience, medical system efficiency, trusting medical professionals, vaccine safety and communication in public health community are very important to make decisions on vaccinating children
Abstract: Aims and objectives: This paperwork aims to analyse the knowledge and attitudes on immunisation, subjective perceptions of the risks and decision theory of vaccination amongst the specific female population living in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Purpose: The purpose of the research is to point out the significance of parents’ decisions...
Show More
-
Socio-economic Inequality in Stunting among Children Aged 6-59 Months in a Ugandan Population Based Cross-sectional Study
Baru Ruth Sharon Apio,
Ratib Mawa,
Stephen Lawoko,
Krishna Nand Sharma
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
125-132
Received:
18 April 2019
Accepted:
14 June 2019
Published:
6 August 2019
Abstract: Socio-economic status is an important predictor of stunting, however published population based studies on socio-economic inequalities in stunting among children under-five years of age is scarce in Uganda. Data from the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey was used to identify possible socio-economic inequalities in stunting among 3941 children aged 6-59 months. Multivariate binary logistic regression models were fitted to calculate the odds ratios and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals for stunting by maternal formal education and household wealth index. The overall prevalence of stunting among children was 30.1%. The risk of stunting was higher among children whose mothers had no formal education (OR: 4.35; 95% CI, 2.45-7.71), attained primary (OR: 2.74 95% CI, 1.62-4.63) and secondary level education (OR: 2.30 95% CI, 1.34-3.96) compared to those whose mothers attained tertiary level education. Similarly higher risk of stunting was found among children that lived in the poorest (OR: 1.78 95% CI, 1.23-2.59), poorer (OR: 1.88; 95% CI, (1.28-2.74), middle (OR: 1.91, 95% CI, 1.31-2.77) and richer households (OR: 1.60; 95% CI, 1.10-2.32) compared to those in the richest households. Socio-economic differences in stunting among children under-five years of age were found. Targeting stunting prevention interventions to less affluent mother-child dyads and households might be important in reducing social inequalities in stunting among children under-five years of age in Uganda.
Abstract: Socio-economic status is an important predictor of stunting, however published population based studies on socio-economic inequalities in stunting among children under-five years of age is scarce in Uganda. Data from the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey was used to identify possible socio-economic inequalities in stunting among 3941 childr...
Show More
-
Vaccination Related Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial, Comparison of Pain of Two Injection Techniques
Mitesh Chawda,
Guruveerajeyasingh Malini,
Subodh Kumar Saha,
Shantilal Chawda,
Ganpat Jha,
Ashish Wanare,
Ravi Prakash Pandey,
Hitav Someshwar
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
133-141
Received:
8 May 2019
Accepted:
24 June 2019
Published:
6 August 2019
Abstract: Background: Immunisations is one of commonest cause of iatrogenic pain among healthy infants though several authorities have recommended that no aspiration is required before injecting into the anterolateral thigh, it is still a commonly followed procedure. Method: 202 healthy infants of either sex of age group 6 weeks to 6 months receiving routine intramuscular pentavalent vaccine were selected randomly by computer generated numbers and divided into two groups “standard” group and “pragmatic” group with 101 infants in each group. Two methods of vaccination conventional and pragmatic are used. In both cases pre vaccination and post vaccination pain was accessed by using FLACC scale and modified behavioural pain scale as well as cry time was noted. Results: The pre vaccination mean FLACC score in standard group is 2.07 (±1.17) while that in pragmatic group is 1.79 (±1.28). Post vaccination mean FLACC score in standard group is 8.5 (±0.82) while that in pragmatic group is 7.79 (±1.25). The pre vaccination mean MBPS in both standard & pragmatic group is 2.16 (±1.07). The post vaccination mean MBPS in standard group is 8.13 while that in pragmatic group is 8.16. Conclusions: Our study revealed that there was significant difference in perception of pain among the two groups. The Pragmatic group being a better technique for vaccination.
Abstract: Background: Immunisations is one of commonest cause of iatrogenic pain among healthy infants though several authorities have recommended that no aspiration is required before injecting into the anterolateral thigh, it is still a commonly followed procedure. Method: 202 healthy infants of either sex of age group 6 weeks to 6 months receiving routine...
Show More
-
Risk Factors of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of Newborn (PPHN) in Different Gestation
Nargis Ara Begum,
Sharmin Afroze,
Runa Laila,
Shahnaz Parvin Siddiqua,
Mohammad Toyobur Rahaman
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
142-147
Received:
14 June 2019
Accepted:
15 July 2019
Published:
12 August 2019
Abstract: Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of Newborn (PPHN) is a critical neonatal problem resulting from failed circulatory adaptation at birth, associated with substantial perinatal morbidity as well as mortality. Despite significant advancement in management of PPHN across the globe, it still remains a challenge especially in developing countries like Bangladesh. So the study was conducted over five years in United Hospital Limited to determine the risk factors of PPHN in relation to gestational age. All PPHN cases diagnosed by echocardiogram were included in the study and divided into term (≥ 37 wks) and preterm group (<37 wks). Among 157 of PPHN cases, 66% were male, 59% were preterm, mean gestational age and birth weight were 35.6 ± 2.54 wks and 2598.22 ± 760.353 gm respectively. Maternal asthma (p 0.01) and pre-eclamptic toxemia (p 0.010) were significant risk factors for persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn. PPHN was found high in neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome (p 0.000) and Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (p 0.000). Most (96%) of the babies were discharged to home.
Abstract: Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of Newborn (PPHN) is a critical neonatal problem resulting from failed circulatory adaptation at birth, associated with substantial perinatal morbidity as well as mortality. Despite significant advancement in management of PPHN across the globe, it still remains a challenge especially in developing countries like B...
Show More
-
Effect of Everolimus on Epstein-Barr Virus-positive T Cell PTLD After CHOP Chemotherapy and Angiofibroma in Pediatric Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Hiroko Nagata,
Hiroshi Tamura,
Yusuke Miyashita,
Yuko Hidaka,
Ken-Ichi Imadome,
Hitoshi Nakazato
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
148-151
Received:
30 June 2019
Accepted:
24 July 2019
Published:
13 August 2019
Abstract: A 15-year-old Japanese female with end-stage kidney disease, kidney cysts, and angiomyolipoma due to tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) received an ABO-matched preemptive kidney transplantation from her father. Basiliximab induction therapy was done on days 0 and 4, and tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and methylprednisolone were administered. Six months later, cervical lymphadenopathy developed, and computed tomography revealed an abdominal mass. Epstein-Barr virus-positive T cell post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) was diagnosed. The pathology showed a monomorphic type lymphoma, and the Ki-67 index, a cell proliferation marker, was above 90%. The patient received four courses of CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) therapy, and tacrolimus was switched to everolimus, an inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Everolimus acts not only as an immunosuppressant, but also has an anti-tumor effect which may inhibit lymphoma development and proliferation. Three years later, the patient has shown no sign of PTLD recurrence. Her kidney function remains good, and a pathological examination detected no sign of rejection. In addition, her facial angiofibroma has improved. Although this study is based only on a single case observed over a short period of time, we consider everolimus to be a possible option in the treatment of PTLD after CHOP chemotherapy, especially in patients with TSC.
Abstract: A 15-year-old Japanese female with end-stage kidney disease, kidney cysts, and angiomyolipoma due to tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) received an ABO-matched preemptive kidney transplantation from her father. Basiliximab induction therapy was done on days 0 and 4, and tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and methylprednisolone were administered. Six ...
Show More
-
Expression of Progranulin in a Mouse Model of Newborn Hypoxic-ischemic Brain Damage
Xuxin Ren,
Qiaoli Ren,
Yilin Liu,
Wenyan Zhao,
Wei Liu,
Xing Tu,
Junhua Yang,
Jing Liu,
Guoying Li,
Mengxia Wang,
Li Luo
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
152-158
Received:
26 June 2019
Accepted:
30 July 2019
Published:
26 August 2019
Abstract: Neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the main reasons of death and disability in neonatal, for lack of blood and oxygen during the time of birth. Progranulin (PGRN) as a neurotrophic factor is extensively expressed in the brain can regulate neurite growth and promote neuronal survival. The mutations of PGRN gene may contribute to frontotemporal dementia (FTD). However, the role of PGRN in neonatal HIE remains unclear. We designed this study to investigate the changes of PGRN expression in the brain of newborn mice at different time points after hypoxic -ischemic brain damage (HIBD). Postnatal 7day (P7) mouse pups were induced HIBD model by the method of Rice with some improvement. TTC was used to detect the ischemic lesion volume. The localization of PGRN brain cells was detected by immunofluorescence. We also used Western blotting to measure the expression level of PGRN at different days (1, 3, 7 days) following HIBD. The results showed that we established the HIIBD model successfully. PGRN was primarily expressed in neurons and microglia, but rarely in astrocytes. In addition, PGRN expression in the brain of HIBD mice markedly increased at 1 day and 3 days and was restored at 7 days after HIBD. The results indicated that increased PGRN levels may be involved in the pathological mechanism and neural repair process of HIBD.
Abstract: Neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the main reasons of death and disability in neonatal, for lack of blood and oxygen during the time of birth. Progranulin (PGRN) as a neurotrophic factor is extensively expressed in the brain can regulate neurite growth and promote neuronal survival. The mutations of PGRN gene may contribute t...
Show More
-
A Classification Model for Severity of Neonatal Jaundice Using Deep Learning
Ngozi Chidozie Egejuru,
Adanze Onyenonachi Asinobi,
Oluwasina Adewunmi,
Temilade Aderounmu,
Samuel Ademola Adegoke,
Peter Adebayo Idowu
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
159-169
Received:
14 July 2019
Accepted:
5 August 2019
Published:
28 August 2019
Abstract: Neonatal jaundice is a yellowish discoloration of the white part of the eyes and skin in a newborn baby due to high bilirubin levels. An early diagnosis of the severity of neonatal jaundice using machine learning will decrease neonates’ likelihood of developing complications. The study elicited knowledge on the variables that are associated with the severity of neonatal jaundice and collected relevant data from a tertiary hospital in south-western Nigeria. The study formulated the predictive model for the severity of neonatal jaundice based on the variables identified using deep learning with multi-layer perceptron (MLP) classifier for varying number of epochs. The results of the study showed that using the deep learning with MLP classifier and 5 epochs had the lowest error rate however with the highest build time and provided a better model compared to the use of the other number of epochs. The study concluded that the using deep learning with MLP classifier and 5 epochs, the development of the classification model for the severity of neonatal jaundice patients receiving treatment was more effective due to its ability to understand the relationship between the attributes and their respective target class labels.
Abstract: Neonatal jaundice is a yellowish discoloration of the white part of the eyes and skin in a newborn baby due to high bilirubin levels. An early diagnosis of the severity of neonatal jaundice using machine learning will decrease neonates’ likelihood of developing complications. The study elicited knowledge on the variables that are associated with th...
Show More
-
Heart Rate Characteristic Index Monitoring for Early Detection of Infections in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Denise Moreira,
Kristin Melton,
Jareen Meinzen-Derr,
Meredith Tabangin,
Paul Kingma,
Kurt Schibler
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
170-174
Received:
16 July 2019
Accepted:
13 August 2019
Published:
28 August 2019
Abstract: The aim of this study is 1) to determine the sensitivity and specificity of continuous heart rate characteristics (HRC) monitoring in detection of infections and 2) to evaluate whether HRC monitoring detects infections prior to onset of clinical symptoms in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. A retrospective cohort study was conducted analyzing HRC scores and episodes of infection for VLBW infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center from January 2015 through May 2016. HRC scores were acquired using the HRC monitor system and entered into the electronic medical record by bedside staff. Culture-positive and culture-negative clinical infections were recorded. Positive HRC scores were defined as an increase 1 point above the baseline or the first rise above 2. HRC scores within 24 hours and also within the 5-day period before the start of antibiotics for infections were analyzed for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for detection of neonatal infection. The HRC score increase 1 point above the baseline or the first rise above 2 in the 24 hours before the start of antibiotics for infectious events had a sensitivity of 68.0%, a specificity of 10.8%. Positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 34.0% and 33.3%, respectively. The PPV and NPV were modestly higher for elevated HRC scores during the 5-day period before infections, 41.1% and 66.7%, respectively. In our single-center retrospective study, elevated HRC scores had limited ability to detect infection. More than half of the positive monitor events were not related to infection. The potential clinical impact of the monitor to detect infection before the onset of clinical symptoms was limited and the risk for unnecessary evaluation and treatment was high.
Abstract: The aim of this study is 1) to determine the sensitivity and specificity of continuous heart rate characteristics (HRC) monitoring in detection of infections and 2) to evaluate whether HRC monitoring detects infections prior to onset of clinical symptoms in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. A retrospective cohort study was conducted analyzing H...
Show More
-
C2 Osteoblastoma: Rare Presentation and Management Review
Uday Singh Raswan,
Aishwarya Aditya Mehra
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
175-177
Received:
26 December 2018
Accepted:
21 January 2019
Published:
3 September 2019
Abstract: Osteoblastoma is a rare and benign osteoid producing primary bone tumor that affect mainly the long bones. Spine account for thirty-six percent of these tumor. The mean age of presentation was 20 years, with a range of 6 months to 75 years. We report about a 12-year-old male child who presented with neck pain. Radiology revealed C2 osteoblatoma. Whole mass was removed in to No recurrence was seen at 1 year follow up. In conclusion, case delineates the difficulty of delayed diagnosis, the challenges and surgical management and also the favourable prognosis.
Abstract: Osteoblastoma is a rare and benign osteoid producing primary bone tumor that affect mainly the long bones. Spine account for thirty-six percent of these tumor. The mean age of presentation was 20 years, with a range of 6 months to 75 years. We report about a 12-year-old male child who presented with neck pain. Radiology revealed C2 osteoblatoma. Wh...
Show More
