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Effectiveness of Imazapyr Coated Hybrids and Selected Striga-tolerant Varieties on S. hermonthica Management and Maize Yield Performance in Western Part of Kenya
Sibuti Mwita Samwel,
Kimurto Paul,
Ogendo Joshua
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
1-8
Received:
25 October 2020
Accepted:
19 December 2020
Published:
12 March 2021
Abstract: Striga hermonthica, an obligate root hemi-parasite, is a massive biological constraint that hinders maize (Zea mays L.) production in western part of Kenya particularly when susceptible varieties are used. Use of Imazapyr resistant hybrids coated with small doses of imazapyr herbicide offers potential for management of Striga hermonthica and increase maize production. A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Imazapyr Resistant Maize (IRM) and selected striga tolerant varieties on S. hermonthica management and yield of maize. Field trials were conducted during two successive cropping seasons (2018 and 2019) at Alupe Research Station (artificial inoculation), farmer’s field in Rangwe (natural infestation) and Koibatek Agricultural Training College (striga free) in Busia, Homa Bay and Baringo Counties respectively. The genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replication. Test materials comprised of two IRM (H528IR, FRC425IR), two striga tolerant (KSTP94, GAF4), five susceptible commercial hybrids (DK8031, H513, DUMA43, DH04, Haraka 101) and two local landraces (Shipindi, Nya Uyoma). All striga and crop data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and means separated using Tukey’s HSD test. Results showed that IRM varieties significantly (P≤0.05) reduced number of emerged striga plants by 56 and 69% compared to the local landraces and commercial hybrids, respectively. Similarly, IRM varieties produced 50.3 and 79.5% higher grain yields compared to striga tolerant (KSTP94 and GAF 4) and susceptible hybrids, respectively under striga infestation. However, the grain yields recorded at Koibatek ATC (striga free) were 67 and 70% higher than at the Rangwe and Alupe sites, respectively. These findings show that use of Imazapyr resistant technology in maize production contributes to improved striga management and enhances maize grain yields. This technology can be integrated with other measures to contain striga in infested areas.
Abstract: Striga hermonthica, an obligate root hemi-parasite, is a massive biological constraint that hinders maize (Zea mays L.) production in western part of Kenya particularly when susceptible varieties are used. Use of Imazapyr resistant hybrids coated with small doses of imazapyr herbicide offers potential for management of Striga hermonthica and increa...
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Search for Quantitative Parameters of Scan Path of Image Viewing by Biologically Motivated Model
Shaposhnikov Dmitry,
Podladchikova Lubov,
Lazurenko Dmitry,
Kiroy Valery
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
9-13
Received:
25 March 2021
Accepted:
19 April 2021
Published:
8 May 2021
Abstract: The model of viewing scan path formation to search for quantitative parameters of scan path type is presented. In computer simulations, it was revealed that the structure of artificial scan path (focal or spatial ones) significantly (p<0,05) correlates with the number of return fixations of input window on recently viewed image areas. It was revealed that with the decrease of the coefficient of IOR, the model in most cases forms trajectories of focal type. On the contrary, as the coefficient of the IOR increases, model spatial type trajectories dominated. In addition to differences in the number of return fixations of the input window of the model between focal and spatial trajectories, a trend of differences between the two types of model trajectories in the amplitude of window jumps was found. The model assumption about the possibility of a quantitative characteristic of the trajectory structure based on return fixations is confirmed at processing the results of psychophysical tests of free viewing and search for modified fragments of complex images. It was shown that the number of gaze return fixations is significantly (p<0,05) higher in tests of free image viewing compared to search tests. The results obtained allow us to consider the probability of return fixations as a quantitative criterion to determine of scan path type.
Abstract: The model of viewing scan path formation to search for quantitative parameters of scan path type is presented. In computer simulations, it was revealed that the structure of artificial scan path (focal or spatial ones) significantly (p...
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Studying Resistance of Some Dairy Cattle Breeds to Heat Stress in Relation to Milk Yield
Ahmed Elsayed Gad,
Sana Sayed Emara,
Sherif Yousif Eid,
Hussein Mustafa El-Zaher
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
14-22
Received:
14 April 2021
Accepted:
29 April 2021
Published:
14 May 2021
Abstract: The objective for our work was to estimate the milk yield and blood biochemical constituents of and weight daily gain of calves recently born from imported cows under hot summer conditions in Egypt. Thirty late- pregnant cows, aged 22-24 months, chosen randomly were used in this study. Experiment was carried out during the period from third stage of pregnancy and continued to 8 weeks postpartum. Imported late-pregnant cows divided into three groups, each group was 10 cows. 1st group was Brown Swiss (BS) cows, 2nd group was Simmental (S) cows and 3rd group was Holstein (H). Results showed that H cows have a lowest rectal temperature (RT) and respiration rate (RR) in compare with BS and S cows. Results showed that H cows have a highest daily milk yield while S cows have lowest values. BS and H cows have significantly higher total protein, albumin and urea concentrations than S cows. While, globulin and glucose concentrations were significantly higher in BS than its concentrations in S and H cows, respectively. Total cholesterol, phospholipids and creatinine concentrations showed the lowest values in BS cows as compare with S and H cows. Otherwise, BS cows have the highest triglycerides concentration as compare with H and S cows. About liver function showed the highest activity for AST in S cows and for ALT in H cows as compared of other groups. BS cows have significantly higher T4 and Estradiol17β levels than its levels in S and H cows, respectively. Birth weight of newborn both male and female calves as well as daily body weight gain of calves produced from the three imported cows were not differs Significantly. Two months weight of calves produced from S cows was significantly higher than BS and H cows, respectively. In conclusion, the three imported breed cows appears good resistance to heat stress effects under hot summer conditions in Egypt with extremely resistance for H cows.
Abstract: The objective for our work was to estimate the milk yield and blood biochemical constituents of and weight daily gain of calves recently born from imported cows under hot summer conditions in Egypt. Thirty late- pregnant cows, aged 22-24 months, chosen randomly were used in this study. Experiment was carried out during the period from third stage o...
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Thyme, Celery and Salinomycin Implication on Antioxidant Capacity and Neurotransmitters Related to Milk Production in Pregnant Barki Ewes
Sherif Yousif Eid,
Omar Abdel Hamid Ahmed-Farid,
Hussein Mostafa El-Zaher,
Mahmoud Mohammed Shabaan
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
23-29
Received:
7 May 2021
Accepted:
25 May 2021
Published:
31 May 2021
Abstract: The experiment goal was the investigation of thyme (T), celery (C) and salinomycin effects on immune response, neurotransmitters related to milk production in Barki ewes. Total 72 mature ewes (2-3 years & 40±1.5 Kg BW) randomly pined equally into five groups. Group-1 was control; groups 2 & 3 received 20g/head/day T and C, respectively. Group-4 received 10g T+ 10g C/head/day, group-5 treated with salinomycin 1g/head/day. Samples collected during 2nd, 3rd trimester of pregnancy and on delivery day (DD); milk yield assessed on 15, 30 and 45-day postpartum. T and/or C and salinomycin increased (P<0.05) superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) during mid-, late-pregnancy and DD compared to control, celery and thyme increase malondialdehyde (MDA) (p<0.05) during mid-and late-pregnancy, respectively compared to other groups. Nitric oxide (NO) levels increased in thyme X celery (TxC) group during mid-pregnancy and DD with insignificantly compared with other groups. During mid-pregnancy TxC treatment increased (p<0.05) serotonin (5-HT) levels compared with other groups, the same was dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and tryptophan (Trp) levels (P>0.05). During late pregnancy 5-HT, DA, NE & Trp increased (P<0.05) in the thyme and/or celery group. While on DD salinomycin increased neurotransmitters (P<0.05) with an insignificant increase in other groups. Milk yield increased (P<0.05) during 15, 30 and 45 days postpartum in T and/or C groups than control and salinomycin. In conclusion, the applied treatments had a significant effect on reproductive performance, immune response in ewes throughout pregnancy and DD periods, and milk production during the postpartum period.
Abstract: The experiment goal was the investigation of thyme (T), celery (C) and salinomycin effects on immune response, neurotransmitters related to milk production in Barki ewes. Total 72 mature ewes (2-3 years & 40±1.5 Kg BW) randomly pined equally into five groups. Group-1 was control; groups 2 & 3 received 20g/head/day T and C, respectively. Group-4 rec...
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