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Verification of Comet Plus 475 G/L EC Fungicide Against Wheat Stripe Rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici) Disease on Bread Wheat in Bale, Southeastern Ethiopia
Tamene Mideksa,
Zerihun Eshetu
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, December 2021
Pages:
30-32
Received:
11 August 2021
Accepted:
5 October 2021
Published:
12 October 2021
Abstract: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most widely cultivated crops in Ethiopia. However, wheat production is very low due to many factors. Of these, disease like stripe rust of wheat is the main constrained biotic factor and cause great yield losses. The field experiment was conducted at three hot-spot locations of wheat rust diseases in the zone namely; Sinana, Selka, and Agarfa during the 2019 cropping season to evaluate the effectiveness of newly introduced fungicide for the management of yellow rust disease of wheat. Variety Kubsa, which is susceptible to the three wheat rusts were used. The trial was laid out at three locations with non-replicated plots. Two systemic fungicides (Comet plus and Rex®Duo) and untreated plot (control) were used as a treatment. A significant difference (P<0.05) was observed between fungicide treatments and unsprayed plots on yellow rust severity, grain yield, thousand kernel weight, and hectoliter. Based on field observation and analyzed data results revealed that the newly introduced fungicide found to be effective in controlling stripe rust of wheat. Thus, Comet plus 475 G/L EC is recommended as an alternative fungicide for the management of stripe rust of wheat in wheat-growing areas of the country.
Abstract: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most widely cultivated crops in Ethiopia. However, wheat production is very low due to many factors. Of these, disease like stripe rust of wheat is the main constrained biotic factor and cause great yield losses. The field experiment was conducted at three hot-spot locations of wheat rust diseases in the zone nam...
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Effects of Sole and Combined Physical Filtration Materials on Physicochemical and Microbiological Properties of Waste Waters
Akinbuwa Olumakinde,
Agele Samuel
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, December 2021
Pages:
33-37
Received:
6 September 2021
Accepted:
5 November 2021
Published:
17 November 2021
Abstract: Agricultural re-use of waste waters is a feasible alternative for increasing water resources for agriculture. Several methods have been adopted for improving waste water quality for safe re-use in agriculture. However, these methods are complex and difficult to use by local farmers. Hence, a study was conducted to examine the effects of a simple and cost-effective waste water treatment methods on physicochemical and microbial properties of waste waters. The research was conducted in the Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, the Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA). Waste waters consisted of: fish pond effluent and municipal stream. Materials used for physical filtration of waste waters include: granite, rice husk, charcoal, and pure river sand. Prior to and after treatments, the waste waters were subjected to chemical analysis (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), Nitrate, Cl, P, Ca, and Mg), physical analysis (Total solid, Total dissolved solid and Total suspended solid), and microbiological analysis (Total faecal coliforms, bacteria, yeast and fungi). Results obtained showed that sole and combined applications of physical filtration materials significantly reduced microbial loads in waste waters. Similarly, significant reductions in total solid (TS), total suspended solid (TSS) and total dissolved solid (TDS) were obtained for waters filtered with the filtration materials, both in the single and combined applications. The highest significant pH, EC and chloride were recorded in untreated fishpond effluent (T1), while fishpond effluent filtered with rice husk (T5) recorded the highest Significant Ca and Mg. Highest significant Nitrate was recorded in municipal wastewater filtered with rice husk (T11), while highest significant P was obtained at T5 and T11. Results of this research showed improvement in the quality parameters of waste waters filtered with sole and combined filtration materials.
Abstract: Agricultural re-use of waste waters is a feasible alternative for increasing water resources for agriculture. Several methods have been adopted for improving waste water quality for safe re-use in agriculture. However, these methods are complex and difficult to use by local farmers. Hence, a study was conducted to examine the effects of a simple an...
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Effect of Vine Cuttingon Multiplication Ratio and Yield of Three Orange-fleshed Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam) Varieties in South Eastern Nigeria
Inyang Paul,
Okpara Dominic Aja,
Ankrumah Emmanuel,
Ndifon Elias Mjaika,
Emeka Chidibere Prince Osuji,
Njoku Jude,
Olapeju Phorbee
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, December 2021
Pages:
38-42
Received:
7 September 2021
Accepted:
4 October 2021
Published:
27 November 2021
Abstract: A major constraint to sweetpotato production in Nigeria is the lack of clean and sufficient quantities of vine cutting at the time of planting in May or June. Inorder to obtain planting materials, farmers subject sweetpotato to vine harvest at various times but there is dearth of information on the effect of the level or intensity of defoliation on the crop. In this study, the response of three orange-fleshed sweetpotato varieties to cutting regimes in 2014 and 2015 cropping seasons in a tropical ultisol of South eastern Nigeria was evaluated. In each year, the experiment was laid out as 3 x 4 factorial arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments comprised all combinations of three orange-fleshed sweetpotato varieties (Umuspo 1, Umuspo 3 and Ex-Igbariam) and four cutting regimes (6, 10 and 14 weeks after planting [WAP], 8 and 12 WAP, 10 and 14 WAP and no-cutting). Cutting regimes did not influence fresh shoot biomass in both year but cutting at 10 and 14 WAP significantly increased multiplication ratio compared to no-cutting or other cutting schedules. Storage root yield was, however, significantly higher with no-cutting than with the 4 weekly cuts, regardless of cutting dates. In all situations, Umuspo 1 produced significantly higher multiplication ratio and higher top and storage root yields than other varieties. Conversely, Umuspo 3 produced higher carotene yield at 10 and 14 WAP cutting compared to other varieties and cutting regimes.
Abstract: A major constraint to sweetpotato production in Nigeria is the lack of clean and sufficient quantities of vine cutting at the time of planting in May or June. Inorder to obtain planting materials, farmers subject sweetpotato to vine harvest at various times but there is dearth of information on the effect of the level or intensity of defoliation on...
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Functional Characteristics of Adolescents in Urban and Rural Areas of the Krasnoyarskiy Krai (Central Siberia)
Artysh Arakchaaevich Kuzhuget,
Irina Valerievna Trusei,
Vladimir Igorevich Kirko,
Veronica Adolfovna Razumovskaya
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, December 2021
Pages:
43-46
Received:
20 April 2021
Accepted:
14 May 2021
Published:
27 November 2021
Abstract: The work contains the analysis of functional indicators of 14 – 16 aged adolescents living in urban (Lesosibirsk) and rural areas (Bor settlement). These are northern territories where external anthropogenic environmental factors are combined with harsh climatic conditions, which enhances their impact on human health. Moreover, the city of Lesosibirsk is the largest center of the timber processing and timber-chemical industry of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, which has a significant impact on the atmosphere, soil and water. The analysis of external respiration function has demonstrated a decrease in the parameters as relative to the sex-and-age norms. VC indices are lower than the due VC (p<0,05): in Females by 0,9–1,1, in Males – 0,5–0,66 liters. In general, the parameters of external respiration (VC and PEF) are reduced in the adolescents of urban areas (Lesosibirsk) against the ones of rural areas (Bor settlement). Regarding the cardiovascular system indicators, each group has the testees with an increased heart rate (>90 bmp). Such proportion is significantly high among the Females of Lesosibirsk (38%): in this group, there is a majority with high BSI values (45%) has been noted; as for the Males, this indicator ranges of 23,5-26,6%, and in the Females – 38,9 – 45% In general, the analysis of HRV indicators demonstrates a balance in the autonomic nervous system for the hear regulation in most examinees (47,1 – 73,3%).
Abstract: The work contains the analysis of functional indicators of 14 – 16 aged adolescents living in urban (Lesosibirsk) and rural areas (Bor settlement). These are northern territories where external anthropogenic environmental factors are combined with harsh climatic conditions, which enhances their impact on human health. Moreover, the city of Lesosibi...
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The Effect of Sirtuin 1 Inhibitor Ex-527 and Activator Resveratrol on the Oocytes’ Cells Viability in Mice Model of Experimental Systemic Autoimmune Damage
Mariia Stupchuk,
Alina Lytvynenko,
Tetyana Voznesenska
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, December 2021
Pages:
47-52
Received:
26 October 2021
Accepted:
22 November 2021
Published:
29 November 2021
Abstract: Introduction: Female infertility is a very common pathology for women of reproductive age with autoimmune disorders, which are known to be followed by the abnormal increment of reactive oxygen species levels, moreover, further contributing to follicular atresia and aging of oocytes in the ovaries what directly leads to infertility. Thus, in search for strategies of preventing oxidative threat to ovaries, the current study was aimed to assess the influence of sirtuin 1, a key cellular metabolism regulator and oxidative stress, activator/blocker on the viability of the follicular environment of oocytes (FEO) cells under conditions of experimental systemic autoimmune damage (ESAD). Methods: The study was performed using the model of ESAD on female mice. The FEO cells were cultivated in different conditions: resveratrol 20 µM, Ex-527 20 µM. After 24h, the cells were examined for viability; the ways of cell death via apoptosis, necrosis were estimated using the method of in vivo dual-color with fluorescent nucleic acid dyes Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide, and the levels of autophagy were estimated using the autophagic vacuoles labeling with monodansylcadaverine assay. Results: The obtained data indicate that a specific inhibitor of sirtuin 1 Ex-527 (20 µM) in vitro inhibits the viability of cells of the FEO cells and increases the percent of cell death via autophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis. On the contrary, the activator of sirtuin 1 - resveratrol, led to an improvement of the viability status of FEO cells, while reducing the negative impact of the inflammatory process. Unidirectional action of Ex-527 and resveratrol compounds at the cellular level has been established. Conclusion: Thus, the results of the present study suggest the involvement of sirtuin 1 in the regulation of the damaging effect of reactive oxygen species on female ovarian cells under the conditions of experimental systemic autoimmune damage.
Abstract: Introduction: Female infertility is a very common pathology for women of reproductive age with autoimmune disorders, which are known to be followed by the abnormal increment of reactive oxygen species levels, moreover, further contributing to follicular atresia and aging of oocytes in the ovaries what directly leads to infertility. Thus, in search ...
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