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Growth Performance of Some Multipurpose Tree Species Around the Homesteads in Gimbo District, Southwestern Ethiopia
Getahun Yakob Edo,
Kebede Gizachew Gebremedihn,
Anteneh Fekadu Woldsenbet,
Kefyalew Kassa Guta
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
1-5
Received:
11 September 2015
Accepted:
28 September 2015
Published:
12 January 2017
Abstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate the performance of some exotic (Sesbania sesban, Leucaena leucocephala, Grevillea robusta, Azadirachta indica, and Casuarina equisetifolia) and indigenous (Cordia africana, Millettia ferruginea, Albizia gummifera, Moringa stenopetala and Prunus africanus) tree species at the backyard and boundary of homegardens in Gimbo district, South west Ethiopia. The seedlings were produced in a nursery, transplanted around the homesteads and have been studied for three years. The saplings were monitored for survival rates and growth performances by measuring root collar diameters and heights. There was significant difference in survival among the species investigated (P<0.05). Survival percent were varies from 24.8 to 86.5 across the species. The highest survival rate was recorded for C. africana and followed by G. robusta and S. sesban at the third year of experimentation. Significant differences in height growth (P<0.05) and diameter growth were also observed. Among tree species planted at the backyard of homegardens, S. sesban performed best in terms of mean height and root collar diameter followed by C. africana. M. ferruginea showed the lowest main height. Among tree species investigated at the boundary of homegardens, G. robusta showed the highest growth in height, followed by M. stenopetala. Mean root collar diameter was highest for M. stenopetala, followed by G. robusta. A. indica showed the lowest mean root collar diameter. It was concluded that promising exotic and indigenous tree species could be used for diversification of agroforestry home gardens.
Abstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate the performance of some exotic (Sesbania sesban, Leucaena leucocephala, Grevillea robusta, Azadirachta indica, and Casuarina equisetifolia) and indigenous (Cordia africana, Millettia ferruginea, Albizia gummifera, Moringa stenopetala and Prunus africanus) tree species at the backyard and boundary of homega...
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Indigenous Knowledge and Factors Related to Practices of Forest Conservation Among Forest Dependent Communities in the Tocha District Southern Ethiopia
Biniam Tesfaye,
Bahilu Bezabih
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
6-19
Received:
18 October 2016
Accepted:
7 December 2016
Published:
18 January 2017
Abstract: The study was conducted to assess and explain indigenous knowledge and factors related to practice of forest conservation among forest dependent community in the three kebeles in Dawuro Zone, Tocha District. The communities involved were Malla and Manja. In light of this, both primary data and secondary data were used. Primary data was obtained through structured questionnaire, key informant information and focus group discussion while secondary data was obtained from published and unpublished materials, books, journals and project reports. A total of 162 sample respondents were identified using simple random sampling technique. According to the binary logit analysis age, religion, extension service and education were one of socio-economic factors found to be significantly related to the practice of forest conservation while sex, marital status, family size, ethnicity, occupation and residence to forest were not significantly related. The communities’ awareness about the general function of the forest was identified as indirect benefits like having high tendency to bring rain, maintaining soil fertility, protecting from extreme sun light and protecting the soil from erosion and direct benefits like getting non timber forest products (NTFP) and timber and other forest associated products are the well known contribution of forest. Even though, these two well contribution forests are known the communities understanding on indirect benefit is higher than direct benefits of forest. The forest communities are more associated with the forest and they have different conservation methods in their area due to their indigenous knowledge. This indigenous knowledge of community related towards the practice of conservation was for the purpose of traditional belief, medicinal value, for the extraction of honey and coffee shade and others. Though forest is conserved and protected by the communities, forest being deforested and reduced in coverage. Hence, forests were being depleted intentionally or unintentionally in the study area. This is due to expansion of agricultural land, population growth, logging of timber, high demand of charcoal, fuel wood and so on. Because of these pressures there is high level of deforestation in the area. Generally, for the protection and utilization of forest in sustainable manner it is recommended that traditional ecological culture should be done wisely.
Abstract: The study was conducted to assess and explain indigenous knowledge and factors related to practice of forest conservation among forest dependent community in the three kebeles in Dawuro Zone, Tocha District. The communities involved were Malla and Manja. In light of this, both primary data and secondary data were used. Primary data was obtained thr...
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Environmental Changes and Fisherman Welfare in Coastal Area of Kendari Bay
Muhammad Aswar Limi,
La Sara,
Taane La Ola,
Lukman Yunus
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
20-25
Received:
25 November 2016
Accepted:
14 December 2016
Published:
21 January 2017
Abstract: The research objective is to assess the changes in coastal area of Kendari Bay and to describe fisherman welfare in Kendari Bay. The study conducted in May-June 2016 in coastal area of Kendari Bay. The research location was determined purposively. Research population included the head of the family of fisherman who lived in coastal area of Kendari Bay for 4,077 households, and 150 families was purposively chosen. The data analyzed using descriptive analysis, income analysis and welfare analysis. Based on research results, coastal area of Kendari Bay environment is threatened by land conversion and high sedimentation which leads to environmental change and implicate the marine and fisheries resources, so the fisherman have to adapt and look for new fishing ground area which may affect their income. Fisherman welfare is specifically affected by fishery resources in coastal area of Kendari Bay.
Abstract: The research objective is to assess the changes in coastal area of Kendari Bay and to describe fisherman welfare in Kendari Bay. The study conducted in May-June 2016 in coastal area of Kendari Bay. The research location was determined purposively. Research population included the head of the family of fisherman who lived in coastal area of Kendari ...
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Optimum Levels of Phosphorus and Potassium for Rice in Lowland Areas of Kilombero District, Tanzania
Asheri Mwamba Kalala,
Nyambilila Abdallah Amuri,
Johnson Mashambo Semoka
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
26-33
Received:
1 January 2017
Accepted:
21 January 2017
Published:
27 February 2017
Abstract: The optimal recommended rates of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in the Kilombero valley, Tanzania are outdated. The Objective of the study was to establish optimum rates of P and K for improved rice cultivation in rice fields of Kilombero valley. Two on-farm experiments were carried out in two seasons of January to May 2014 and 2015 at Mkula, Mbasa and Kisawasawa sites in Kilombero district, Tanzania. In the first experiment the treatments were a control for P; adequate levels of N and K plus two rates of phosphorus 10 and 20 kg P /ha. In the second experiment the treatments were a control for K; and two rates of K of either 50 or 100 kg/ha. These three treatments each received adequate levels of N, P and Zn. An absolute control and a control for N treatments were included in both of the experiments. The test crop was rice variety SARO-5. Phosphorus application significantly increased grain yield (GY) by 3.26 and 2.01 t/ha at Mbasa and Mkula, respectively. Also P application increased shoot P concentration from a low level (0.12%) to the adequate range (0.19 - 0.24%) at the two sites. Potassium application increased significantly GY by 2.76 and 1.93 t/ha at Mbasa and Mkula, respectively. Also K application increased shoot K concentration from a low range (1.14 - 1.34%) to the adequate range (2.63 - 2.99%) at the two sites. An application of P and K affected neither shoot K nor P concentrations nor GY at Kisawasawa site. It is recommended that 10 kg P/ha and 50 kg K/ha be used as optimum rate for rice production in P and K deficient soils of Kilombero valley.
Abstract: The optimal recommended rates of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in the Kilombero valley, Tanzania are outdated. The Objective of the study was to establish optimum rates of P and K for improved rice cultivation in rice fields of Kilombero valley. Two on-farm experiments were carried out in two seasons of January to May 2014 and 2015 at Mkula, Mba...
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A Geospatial Analysis of Bark Beetle-Induced Wildfire Risk Zones in the Okanogan Wenatchee National Forest
Marco Allain,
Andrew Nguyen,
Evan Johnson,
Emily Williams,
Stephanie Tsai,
Susan Prichard,
J. W. Skiles
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
34-44
Received:
28 December 2016
Accepted:
21 January 2017
Published:
2 March 2017
Abstract: Over the past 30 years mountain pine beetle (MPB) outbreaks have become widespread throughout the western US and Canada. MPB attacks leave acres of dead trees that may predispose forest landscapes to large fires. With the use of field work and geospatial technology, these outbreaks can be better mapped and assessed to evaluate forest health. This study is designed to map and classify bark beetle infestation in Washington's Wenatchee National Forest. Field work on seventeen randomly selected sites was conducted using the point-centered quarter method. Recent MPB outbreak areas were classified using National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery. A link between MPB attack and forest fires was then quantified using MODIS fire data. Lastly, a predictive infestation model was constructed using the following geophysical parameters: disturbance indices, Landsat TM5 classification of groundcover as well as vegetation stress using hyperspectral data. Selected imagery from the Hyperion sensor was used to run a minimum distance supervised classification in ENVI, in attempt to detect the early “green stage” of infestation. This study detected MPB spread and assessed the fire risk related to infestation.
Abstract: Over the past 30 years mountain pine beetle (MPB) outbreaks have become widespread throughout the western US and Canada. MPB attacks leave acres of dead trees that may predispose forest landscapes to large fires. With the use of field work and geospatial technology, these outbreaks can be better mapped and assessed to evaluate forest health. This s...
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The Life Tables of Dactylopius Coccus Costa (Homoptera: Dactylopiidae) at Different Temperatures and Humidities
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
45-48
Received:
2 February 2017
Accepted:
16 February 2017
Published:
2 March 2017
Abstract: A laboratory study on the life tables at different temperatures and humidities of the cochineal, Dactylopius coccus Costa, is summarized to reveal proper culturing environtment for the insect. It is found that constant temperature 19°C and 31°C are not suitable for cochineal culture while constant temperature 22°C, 25°C and 28°C are appropriate. Among them, 22°C is the most ideal temperature. In the experiments of humidity, the results show that under 90% RH, the number of the female adult of cochineal in the population is the most, and 70% RH is the next, while 50% RH is the lowest, it demonstrates that high humidity can be helpful for the insect. The main death period of the cochineal is from egg to the first instar, which death rate can be over 70%, it means that more attention should be paid to the period to decrease the death rate when the insect is cultured.
Abstract: A laboratory study on the life tables at different temperatures and humidities of the cochineal, Dactylopius coccus Costa, is summarized to reveal proper culturing environtment for the insect. It is found that constant temperature 19°C and 31°C are not suitable for cochineal culture while constant temperature 22°C, 25°C and 28°C are appropriate. Am...
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Study on Classification Corn Seedling and Weed Based on RGB Model and HSV Model
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
49-54
Received:
13 March 2017
Published:
15 March 2017
Abstract: RGB (Red-Green-Blue) model and HSV (Hue-Saturation-Value) model are used to classify corn seeding and weed. Plants are distinguished from background based on color feature, and the binary image is acquired. As foreground in binary image, corn seedling and weed are labelled effectively with a set of numbers after clearing noise and labelling connected components. Then saturation energy of each connected component with a certain label can be calculated, and the maximum saturation energy is corresponded to the region of corn seedling. Furthermore, in hue image, corn seedling root has larger hue value, so the location of root is acquired. Therefore, we can not only classify corn seedling and weed, but also acquire location of corn seedling root, and the results show that the method of classification corn seedling and weed based on RGB model and HSV model has a great accuracy and real-time performance.
Abstract: RGB (Red-Green-Blue) model and HSV (Hue-Saturation-Value) model are used to classify corn seeding and weed. Plants are distinguished from background based on color feature, and the binary image is acquired. As foreground in binary image, corn seedling and weed are labelled effectively with a set of numbers after clearing noise and labelling connect...
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