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Field Pea (Pisum sativum) Diseases of Major Importance and Their Management in Ethiopia, a Review
Zenebe Wubshet Hordofa,
Zelalem Tamiru
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 5, October 2023
Pages:
134-144
Received:
28 August 2023
Accepted:
15 September 2023
Published:
27 September 2023
Abstract: The field pea (Pisum sativum), is a significant legume crop that enhances soil fertility while providing curtail human nourishment. However, due to biotic factors like diseases, its productivity is quite low (1.67 t/ha). Hence, the objective of this study is to provide insight into the economic significance, distribution, and current management strategies for these most significant diseases as well as to establish future approaches. The current significant diseases affecting field pea production include fungal diseases such Ascochyta blight (Ascochyta pisi), powdery (Erysiphe pisi), and downy mildews, Fusarium wilt, and rust. The most severe of these are Aschochyta blight and powdery mildew, which on field pea in larger areas result in significance yield losses (30-75% and 50-86%, respectively), and under favorable environmental conditions, 100% losses can be expected. The majority of small-scale farmers in impoverished nations like Ethiopia, where these pests cause serious losses, cannot afford the chemical pesticides that are the mainstay of existing pest control tactics. Therefore, research on host pant resistance for these pests’ management techniques and farmers to better understand frequent symptoms, whether on the field or in storage conditions, must be major areas of focus for reducing impact in the future.
Abstract: The field pea (Pisum sativum), is a significant legume crop that enhances soil fertility while providing curtail human nourishment. However, due to biotic factors like diseases, its productivity is quite low (1.67 t/ha). Hence, the objective of this study is to provide insight into the economic significance, distribution, and current management str...
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Evaluation Effect of Different Organic Fertilizers and NP Rate on Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Yield and Yield Components in Lume District
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 5, October 2023
Pages:
145-154
Received:
15 August 2023
Accepted:
5 September 2023
Published:
9 October 2023
Abstract: Low oil fertility was one of the major limiting factors for wheat yield reduction. As a result, inorganic fertilizers are commonly supplied to the crop. However, continuous and sole use of inorganic fertilizers may lead to; deterioration in soil chemical, physical and biological properties. Therefore, the study aimed at investigation of integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizers on crop yield and yield components, which was conducted in a field experiment in Lume district, East Shoa Zone Ethiopia during 2018 cropping season. The organic sources used were compost and vermincompost and urea and NPS were used as an inorganic source of fertilizers. These treatments consist of: T1= 5.64t/ha compost, T2= 5.68t/haVC, T3=100% recommended NP inorganic fertilizers, T4=50% recommended NP inorganic fertilizers + 2.82t/ha compost, T5=50% recommended inorganic fertilizers + 2.84t/havermincompost, T6=No fertilizers application (control). The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design replicated three times per treatment. Data were collected on wheat grain yield and yield components. Economic analysis was also performed by estimating the costs of alternative uses of organic and inorganic fertilizers as well as grain and straw prices. The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer in combination with recommended rates of inorganic NP significantly increased the grain yield of food wheat over the application of 100% mineral NP alone and the control. The application of 2.84t/ha vermicompost in combination with 50% recommended rates of NPS+urea fertilizers increases 0.58t/ha wheat yield difference over the application of 100% recommended rate of inorganic NPS alone. It can be concluded that the application of 2.84t/ha vermicompost with 50% recommended rate of inorganic NPS fertilizers has maximum rate of return and can improve soil fertility status and increase the yield of wheat than other treatments. This experiment has to be repeated over seasons and locations to make conclusive recommendations for the study area.
Abstract: Low oil fertility was one of the major limiting factors for wheat yield reduction. As a result, inorganic fertilizers are commonly supplied to the crop. However, continuous and sole use of inorganic fertilizers may lead to; deterioration in soil chemical, physical and biological properties. Therefore, the study aimed at investigation of integrated ...
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A Review of the Response of the Faba Bean to the Integrated Use of Inorganic and Organic Fertilization in Ethiopian Soil
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 5, October 2023
Pages:
155-162
Received:
2 September 2023
Accepted:
18 September 2023
Published:
9 October 2023
Abstract: The faba bean is important for both human and animal feed as well as for enhancing soil fertility. Despite having numerous advantages, the faba bean crop's productivity is significantly lower than its potential and is restricted by a number of limiting constraints in Ethiopia. Therefore, the objective of this review was to evaluate the integrated effects of organic and inorganic fertilizer on the growth and yield of faba bean in Ethiopian soil conditions. Accordingly, it can be seen from the evaluation that fertilizer application has an impact on all faba bean parameters. However, as observed from this review, faba bean highly significantly responded to P fertilizer more than other nutrients. As per inorganic fertilizer, the review indicated that the yield of faba bean was increased from 0 kg P2O5 ha-1 to 115 kg P2O5 ha-1, 0 kg N ha-1 to 46 kg N ha-1, and 0 kg NP2O5 ha-1 to 109.5/103.5 kg N/P2O5 ha-1, respectively. In addition, as per integrated fertilizer use, the experiment showed that plots treated with Bio (FYM+IR) + NPS 150 had the maximum grain yield (5.85 t ha-1), while the lowest grain yield (1.58 t ha-1) was recorded from treatments receiving NPS (0) fertilizer and without bio-organic fertilizers. The results showed that the application of 4 t lime ha-1, 120 kg NPSB ha-1, and rhizobium inoculation produced the highest grain yield (2405.67 kg ha-1), whereas a treatment without fertilizer or lime but with rhizobium inoculation and par with the absolute control treatment produced the lowest grain yield (864 kg ha-1). According to the review, the type of soil, agroecology, and plant variety all influence how plants react to fertilizer. It can be concluded that to maximize the production and productivity of faba bean crops while also improving soil health, it is necessary to set the optimal rate of organic manures and inorganic fertilizer as per the site-specific location.
Abstract: The faba bean is important for both human and animal feed as well as for enhancing soil fertility. Despite having numerous advantages, the faba bean crop's productivity is significantly lower than its potential and is restricted by a number of limiting constraints in Ethiopia. Therefore, the objective of this review was to evaluate the integrated e...
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Review Article
Early Germination and Growth Trial of Anogeissus leiocarpus Seeds Sourced from Three Locations in Nigeria
Zacchaeus Tunde Egbewole*,
Olumuyiwa James Jayeoba,
Kuje Emmanuel Dauda,
Odunayo James Rotowa,
Luke Olawole Falade,
Umar Danlami Abass,
Ibrahim Ibrahim Osagye,
Badarudeen Sani Abdulazeez,
Fada Rinse Leni
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 5, October 2023
Pages:
163-171
Received:
27 August 2023
Accepted:
13 September 2023
Published:
14 October 2023
DOI:
10.11648/j.aff.20231205.14
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Abstract: The study investigated early germination and growth trial of Anogeissus leiocarpus. The seeds were collected from three locations; (Akwanga, Nasarawa State, Zaria, Kaduna State and Toro Bauchi State). Seeds were soaked in cold water for 24 hours before sowing in germination beds accordance to specification of location. Three beds for each location. The experiment was laid out in a 4 x 3 factorial experiment in a Randomized Complete Block Design. The results revealed that, Seedlings treated with poultry manure combined with cow dung recorded the highest mean height (18.71±7.22acm), while the least height of (14.65±4.58cm) was obtained in cow dung treated seedlings. Seedlings sourced from Kaduna had the highest mean height of (17.78±9.96acm). While the least height of (14.58±7.31bcm) was obtained in Nasarawa sourced seedlings. The results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of manure types had a high significant impact on seedlings height,, collar girth, branches and numbers of leaf (0.000**) respectively (P>0.05). The effect of seed sources also had a high significant impact on seedlings height (0.000**), collar girth (0.000**), branches (0.000**) and numbers of leaf (P>0.05). The results of Regression Analysis of parameters assessed on seedlings against height increment revealed that seedlings height yielded coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.573). This implied that the assessed growth variables had about 57.3% effects on the seedlings height. It was concluded that the treatment with Cow dung and poultry manure performed better; therefore it should be adopted in raising the seedlings in the nursery so as to guarantee its sustainable supply to wood industry.
Abstract: The study investigated early germination and growth trial of Anogeissus leiocarpus. The seeds were collected from three locations; (Akwanga, Nasarawa State, Zaria, Kaduna State and Toro Bauchi State). Seeds were soaked in cold water for 24 hours before sowing in germination beds accordance to specification of location. Three beds for each location....
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