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Genetic Diversity of Indigenous Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) Germplasm Collection in Oman
Nadiya Abu Bakr Al-Saady,
Saleem Kaseemsaheb Nadaf,
Ali Hussein. Al-Lawati,
Saleh Ali Al-Hinai
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2018
Pages:
113-120
Received:
23 November 2018
Accepted:
10 December 2018
Published:
2 January 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.aff.20180706.11
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Abstract: Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is a grain legume crop grown all over Arabian Peninsula countries including Oman often as a dual crop for both food and fodder during summer. Consumers and farmers prefer large size seed for food. This paper highlights the results of collecting missions of mungbean germplasm undertaken between 2008 and 2011 and analysis of genetic diversity of collected accessions based on seed traits. 25 seed samples/accessions were collected with the largest number from South Batinah coastal governorate represented by wilayat Rustaq (9) followed by southern Dhofar governorate (6), eastern Sharqiyah governorates (4), Dhahira & Buraimi governorates (3), interior Al-Dakhliyah governorate (2) and North Batinah coastal governorate (1). The seed samples of the accessions collected were highly diverse with respect to all the characters associated with seed such as seed length (cm) and width (cm), 100-seed weight (g) and seed color. Seed length varied from 0.35 cm to 0.76 cm; seed width ranged from 0.245 cm to 0.495 cm; 100-seed weight varied from 1.8 g to 7.3 g. The accessions were grouped into 16 genetically diverse clusters based on the Principal Component Analysis, which indicated the major contribution of seed width and 100-seed weight to the total variation existing in indigenous germplasm collected from all the governorates of Oman. With respect to seed color, six accessions numbering OMA 284, OMA 295, OMA 313, OMA 335, OMA 341 and OMA 345 were homogenous (pure) with their characteristic green color. The remaining 19 seed accessions were heterogeneous (mixture) with seeds of various colors such as green, brown and black. Critical analysis of seed colors of these samples indicated the presence of 4 groups of which the largest group had 12 seed accessions with green, black seed color followed by one group of three seed accessions with green, brown and black seed color and two groups of two accessions, each with green, black, brown, and green, brown seeds, respectively.
Abstract: Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is a grain legume crop grown all over Arabian Peninsula countries including Oman often as a dual crop for both food and fodder during summer. Consumers and farmers prefer large size seed for food. This paper highlights the results of collecting missions of mungbean germplasm undertaken between 2008 and 2011 and a...
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Plant Species Diversity and Structure in Homegarden Agroforestry Systems of Bulen District, North-Western Ethiopia
Megabit Beyene,
Muktar Mohammed,
Lisanework Nigatu
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2018
Pages:
121-132
Received:
8 November 2018
Accepted:
18 December 2018
Published:
4 January 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.aff.20180706.12
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Abstract: Homegarden agroforestry system mostly constitutes complex multi-strata than other agroforestry systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the structure, composition and diversity of plant species growing in homegarden agroforestry system in Bulen district, North-West Ethiopia. The study was conducted in five kebeles of the district, which were randomly selected. Systematic random sampling procedure was employed to select households from each kebele. Thus, 138 households from each site were selected proportionally. The result from the surveyed 138 households indicated that 110 (80%) were practicing homegarden agroforestry system. The determination of vertical and horizontal structure of the vegetation was conducted for 110 homegardens. All woody species and herbaceous species were counted and recorded in 5m x 5m and 1mx1m quadrants, respectively. Furthermore, a total of 22 plant species belonging to 15 families were recorded in sampled homegardens in which about 3-5 different species of plants per quadrant were recorded. A higher Shannon diversity index of plant species in the study area were (H'=2.44) while the lower Shannon diversity index were (H'=2.21). The studied homegarden agroforestry system had complex structure both vertically and horizontally, which in turn provide economical benefit and ecological service to the households.
Abstract: Homegarden agroforestry system mostly constitutes complex multi-strata than other agroforestry systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the structure, composition and diversity of plant species growing in homegarden agroforestry system in Bulen district, North-West Ethiopia. The study was conducted in five kebeles of the district, which we...
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Determinants of Pepper Market Supply Among Small Holder Farmer in Wenberma District, West Gojjam Zone of Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Gizachew Wosene,
Mengistu Ketema,
Alelign Ademe
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2018
Pages:
133-142
Received:
25 October 2018
Accepted:
26 November 2018
Published:
4 January 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.aff.20180706.13
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Abstract: Pepper is an important cash crop for its contribution to income generating and employment opportunity to majority of the rural household. However, enhancing pepper producers to reach market chain is a key issue needed in the study area. This study intended to analyze determinants of market supply of pepper among smallholder farmers in Wonberma district of west Gojjam zone of Amhara region. Both primary and secondary source of data were used to collect qualitative and quantitative data. Two stage sampling method were used and data was collected from 130 pepper producers. Multiple linear regression (2SLS) model was used to analyze factors affecting market supply of small holder pepper producers. The result of Two Stage Least Square (2SLS) indicated that market supply of pepper was significantly affected by quantity of pepper produced; pepper farming experience, one year lagged price and family size. Therefore, this study underscores enhancing farmers bargaining power through cooperative; strengthen institutional services and infrastructure development for policy implication.
Abstract: Pepper is an important cash crop for its contribution to income generating and employment opportunity to majority of the rural household. However, enhancing pepper producers to reach market chain is a key issue needed in the study area. This study intended to analyze determinants of market supply of pepper among smallholder farmers in Wonberma dist...
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The Count of Lactic Acid Bacteria in White Cheese
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2018
Pages:
143-149
Received:
14 July 2018
Accepted:
26 July 2018
Published:
16 January 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.aff.20180706.14
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Abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of pH and the temperature on the lactic acid bacteria during 45 day cheese making time because they have the most important effect in taste and aroma as final product. The determination of the presence of lactic acid bacteria counted in milk and cheese is important because they have the most important effect in taste and aroma as final product. Raw material for white soft cheese production was bulk cow milk (summer lactation) from the terrain of the whole Pcinja region in Serbia. The samples for microbial and physical-chemical testing were monitored from: raw milk, milk before making cheese, whey, coagulate before production, after self pressure and pressure, cheese after moulding and dry salting and cheese after the 1st, 10th, 20th, 30th and 45th day of brine. During the cheese making, the number of lactic acid bacteriaa in the milk prepared for making cheese was decreasing in comparison to their number in the raw milk, which proves that the total number of microorganisms is less after pasteurization. During the further production, the number of lactic acid bacteria came up the maximum in the phase of pressing or self-pressing, forming end salting. The number of lactic acid bacteria decrease during the cheese ripening in the pickle. The biggest fails of number cover with the biggest fail of pH. At the end of salting, the number of lactic acid bacteria moves from 2.4x105 – 5.8x105/g of cheese.
Abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of pH and the temperature on the lactic acid bacteria during 45 day cheese making time because they have the most important effect in taste and aroma as final product. The determination of the presence of lactic acid bacteria counted in milk and cheese is important because they have the most import...
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Analysis of Walnut Industry Development in Guangyuan Based on "Smiling Curve"
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2018
Pages:
150-155
Received:
4 December 2018
Accepted:
21 December 2018
Published:
16 January 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.aff.20180706.15
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Abstract: Based on the "Smiling Curve", this paper analyzed the promotion of walnut zonation plantation in Guangyuan, the advantages in the rapid increase of area, yield and output value, and the marketing promotion through technological innovations (e.g. selective breeding and pest control) and brand building. This paper revealed the fact that the walnut industry in Guangyuan had achieved remarkable results, but at the same time, some problems were still existing, such as low rate of improved varieties, focusing on planting but neglecting management, slow development of new main bodies, weak technology research and development in the industrial chain, fewer intensive processed products, changes in cost-benefit and consumption tendency, against which, targeted countermeasures were proposed: carrying out supply side reform of walnut industry chain, industry association + standard, learning from the experience of USA California Walnut Industry Association, strengthening functions of intermediary organizations, and establishing brand and quality monitoring system; increasing support efforts and innovating support mechanism, helping the cultivation of new-type business main bodies, and improving the quality of specialized cooperative organizations; insisting on variety improvement, and paying attention to tackling key problems in scientific research of industrial chain; walnut industry + internet, and combining the walnut forest and the tourism.
Abstract: Based on the "Smiling Curve", this paper analyzed the promotion of walnut zonation plantation in Guangyuan, the advantages in the rapid increase of area, yield and output value, and the marketing promotion through technological innovations (e.g. selective breeding and pest control) and brand building. This paper revealed the fact that the walnut in...
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