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A Multistage Regulation Method for the Pad and Fan Cooling System
Guofeng Han,
Xiaolong Feng,
Shumei Zhao
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, February 2018
Pages:
1-5
Received:
17 November 2017
Accepted:
28 November 2017
Published:
20 December 2017
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the abrupt temperature drop problem and its countermeasures of pad and fan cooling system in confined poultry house in summer. The extent and distribution of abrupt temperature drop in a commercial laying-hen house in north China were investigated through field tests. The results showed that over half of poultry house was cooled by more than 5°C (maximum reached 12.4°C) within 25 min after starting the evaporative cooling system under traditional ON/OFF mode. This mode might cause negative effects on layers. In order to attenuate this problem, a multistage regulation method of evaporative cooling system was developed. The water supply pipe was transformed by adding a specially designed water repartition plate to the original water supply system. The water repartition plate can control the watered area of pad. Then four degrees of watered area could be achieved as 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, and the full of pad area, and then gradual cooling process has been achieved. The target temperature was reached gradually through modifying the start temperature and single-cooling range, then a relative long period for chickens to adopt cooling process has been realized. This regulation method has been tested in laboratory. The results showed that gradually watering and cooling works well under multistage regulation. The cooling efficiencies from 1st to 4th stage were 15.84%, 30.53%, 56.67% and 83.70%, respectively, which matched well with prediction. In conclusion, the multistage regulation method was able to, as a new solution, alleviate the problem caused by traditional ON/OFF mode of evaporative cooling system in confined poultry house.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the abrupt temperature drop problem and its countermeasures of pad and fan cooling system in confined poultry house in summer. The extent and distribution of abrupt temperature drop in a commercial laying-hen house in north China were investigated through field tests. The results showed that over half of pou...
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The Effect of Human Capital, Social Capital, and Competency on the Empowerment of Bajo Ethnic Community in the Regency of Muna: A Gender Perspective
Hartina Batoa,
La Rianda,
Weka Widayati,
Dasmin Sidu,
Nur Rahmah,
Putu Arimbawa
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, February 2018
Pages:
6-10
Received:
15 September 2017
Accepted:
14 October 2017
Published:
5 January 2018
Abstract: A study was conducted to analyze the effect of human capital, social capital, and competency on the empowerment of Bajo ethnic from a gender perspective. The study site was Marobo, one of districts in the Regency of Muna. The district was purposely chosen because it had the highest number of Bajo people in that regency. Samples, a total of 88 households, were selected via simple random sampling. Data were analyzed with multiple regression analysis. The study showed that human capital, social capital, and competency directly affected the social and economic empowerment of Bajo people both the role of husbands and wives.
Abstract: A study was conducted to analyze the effect of human capital, social capital, and competency on the empowerment of Bajo ethnic from a gender perspective. The study site was Marobo, one of districts in the Regency of Muna. The district was purposely chosen because it had the highest number of Bajo people in that regency. Samples, a total of 88 house...
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The Effect of Host Density and Viability on Superparasitism Behavior of Trichogramma cacoeciae and T. principium Females
Muhanad Harba,
Imad Idris
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, February 2018
Pages:
11-18
Received:
29 November 2017
Accepted:
28 December 2017
Published:
18 January 2018
Abstract: Non-choice laboratory experiments were conducted to estimate the influence of host density and viability of codling moth eggs on the superparasitism behavior of Trichogramma principium Sug. et Sor and T. cacoeciae Marchal (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). There was a strong effect of number of emerged offspring of T. principium and T. cacoeciae and host density on the mean number of parasitized eggs. The tendency of T. principium and T. cacoeciae females to oviposit was increased when high number of Cydia pomonella was available. The results presented that the host density influenced in the percentage of superparasitized eggs. The superparasitism appeared to be more noticeable when sterile C. pomonella was offered. Superparasitism behavior was noticed in both parasitoids species, regardless of host density and viability. The study demonstrates the success of T. principium and T. cacoeciae in the existence of high host density and in an integrated program employing the sterile insect technique for C. pomonella management.
Abstract: Non-choice laboratory experiments were conducted to estimate the influence of host density and viability of codling moth eggs on the superparasitism behavior of Trichogramma principium Sug. et Sor and T. cacoeciae Marchal (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). There was a strong effect of number of emerged offspring of T. principium and T. cacoeciae and...
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Biological Benefits of Intercropping Maize (Zea mays L) with Fenugreek, Field Pea and Haricot Bean Under Irrigation in Fogera Plain, South Gonder Zone, Ethiopia
Molla Abate,
Getachew Alemayehu
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, February 2018
Pages:
19-35
Received:
5 August 2017
Accepted:
25 August 2017
Published:
5 February 2018
Abstract: An on-farm experiment was conducted in the dry season of 2012/2013under irrigation at Jigna rural village of Dera District, South Gonder Zone/Ethiopia. The experiment was conducted to assess the biological benefits of intercropping maize with fenugreek, field pea and haricot bean. A field have a total of 7 treatments, namely three intercropping of fenugreek, field pea and haricot bean with maize and their four sole cropping, were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Gross plot size of each treatment was 3m × 2.7m (8.1m2), but net plot size varied up on the crop types. Spacing between adjacent replications and plots was 1.5m and 1.0m, respectively. Fenugreek, field pea and haricot bean as sole crops were planted at inter-row and intra-row spacing of 20cm × 5cm, 20cm × 5cm and 40cm × 10cm, respectively. In both intercropping and sole cropping maize was planted at 75cm× 30cm inter- and intra- row spacing, while fenugreek, field pea and haricot bean were intercropped in the middle of two maize rows at their recommended intra-spacing. Varieties used for the present study were BH-540 maize hybrid, "Challa” fenugreek, "Burkitu" field pea and "Awash Melkassa" haricot bean. Data of phenological, vegetative growth and, yield related crop parameters were timely collected following their respective standard methods and procedures, and further subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS version 9.2. Whenever the ANOVA result showed significant difference among treatments for a parameter mean separation was further done using Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT). Intercropping didn’t show any significant effect statistically (p<0.05) on phenological, vegetative growth and yield related parameters of the component crops. However, concerning biomass of fenugreek, field pea and haricot bean, the analysis of variance showed that there has significant difference (p≤0.05) between intercropping and sole cropping. On the contrary, intercropped field pea produced higher pod per plant, plant height and seed per pod than that of sole field pea. Intercropped Haricot bean was also produced slightly higher plant height, seed per pod and thousand grain weights than its sole crops. Therefore, in the present study area during dry season under irrigation, maize intercropping with haricot bean and field pea was more advantageous than their respective sole crops.
Abstract: An on-farm experiment was conducted in the dry season of 2012/2013under irrigation at Jigna rural village of Dera District, South Gonder Zone/Ethiopia. The experiment was conducted to assess the biological benefits of intercropping maize with fenugreek, field pea and haricot bean. A field have a total of 7 treatments, namely three intercropping of ...
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Changes of Microbial Spoilage Indices Beluga Caviar Processed (Huso Huso) During Storage at -2°C
Afshin Fahim,
Ali Asghar Khanipour,
Ghorban Zare Gashti
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, February 2018
Pages:
36-38
Received:
5 September 2017
Accepted:
26 September 2017
Published:
5 March 2018
Abstract: Beluga caviar processed microbial spoilage index changes (Huso huso) under the temperature of -2°C for twenty days were examined. The results showed that with increasing storage time of mesophilic bacteria, coliform and cool significantly reduced. The mean (SD) of mesophilic bacteria from 5.4±0.14 CFU/g at the time of production to 3.1±0.14 CFU/g, The microorganisms coliform from 2.1±0.14 during the production to 1.3±0.14 and the cooling microorganisms from 2.8±0.14 to 1.6±0.14 was twenty days of cold storage. Quality rating microbial indicators are significantly during storage has been declining. The results showed that although a significant reduction indices mesophilic bacterium, coliform and cool during a period of twenty days at a temperature of -2°C, processed caviar is still away and will be accepted limit.
Abstract: Beluga caviar processed microbial spoilage index changes (Huso huso) under the temperature of -2°C for twenty days were examined. The results showed that with increasing storage time of mesophilic bacteria, coliform and cool significantly reduced. The mean (SD) of mesophilic bacteria from 5.4±0.14 CFU/g at the time of production to 3.1±0.14 CFU/g, ...
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