-
Growth Performance of Scalloped Spiny Lobster Panulirus homarus (Linaeus) Fed Formulated Diet in Recirculating System
Minh Duy Mai,
Luu Thi Tran
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2022
Pages:
1-7
Received:
16 December 2021
Accepted:
4 January 2022
Published:
12 January 2022
Abstract: Lobster aquaculture industry in sea cage farming has used seafood as its food leading to challenges such as disease risk, environmental degradation and disaster. This paper presents growth, survival, sexual maturity and flesh quality of scalloped spiny lobsters from a two period culture in recirculating system. In the first period, a number of 2655 healthy juveniles acclimated with formulated diet at average body weight of 11.4-14.0 g were stocked at 36.88 individuals m-2 in three months. In the second period, a number of 2334 selected healthy juveniles at average body weight of 52.18-69.97 g were restocked at 13.5-14.1 individuals m-2. The lobsters were fed formulated diet twice a day at a feeding rate of 2.2-1.6% of the body weight. The quality of biofilter based reused water was 28.4-29.8°C, pH: 7.6-8.0, salinity: 26.8-36.4 ppt, dissolved oxygen ≥ 5.2 mg L-1, total ammonia nitrogen ≤ 0.82 mg L-1, NO2-N ≤ 0.5 mg L-1, NO3-N ≤ 4.3 mg L-1, alkalinity: 96.4-132.4 mg L-1. The body weight of lobsters increased following a polynomial (r2 = 99.9%) and reached harvest size of 300 g after nine months and final size of 349.5 ± 9.9 g, survival of 81.5% and productivity of 4.51 ± 0.28 kg m-2 after thirteen months. The lobster performance was similar to those fed seafood in sea cage farming. The berried females were observed at a minimum carapace length of 3.5 cm from July to September. The cooked lobster flesh and its content of fat and highly unsaturated fatty acids were less reddish and half of the lobsters fed seafood in sea cage farming, respectively. The differences are likely due to a deficiency of astaxanthin content in the formulated feed and possibly a poor assimilation of lipid by the lobsters. The results are interesting in development of a land based farming of spiny lobsters.
Abstract: Lobster aquaculture industry in sea cage farming has used seafood as its food leading to challenges such as disease risk, environmental degradation and disaster. This paper presents growth, survival, sexual maturity and flesh quality of scalloped spiny lobsters from a two period culture in recirculating system. In the first period, a number of 2655...
Show More
-
Molecular Markers: Their Importance, Types, and Applications in Modern Agriculture
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2022
Pages:
8-14
Received:
14 December 2021
Accepted:
6 January 2022
Published:
15 January 2022
Abstract: To meet the expanding global population's need for food, high-yielding hybrids, varieties, and superior populations of food crops must be developed. This can be accomplished by employing a molecular marker system. Breeders can use molecular markers to choose genotypes directly because they are not affected by the environment. Crop yields must be increased to meet the needs of growing people around the world, as well as the threat of new viruses, if climate change is to be avoided in the next decades. Agriculture is confronted with rising demand from a growing population, as well as dangers of restricted production area as a result of climate change, such as water scarcity, soil salinity, or harvest weather that is unpredictable. Plant breeding's ultimate goal is to create better crops. Crop productivity is something that can be improved. Any region (locus) in an organism's genome where the DNA base sequence differs among different individuals in a population is referred to as a molecular marker. DNA markers have been created in recent years and have shown to be effective tools for cereal breeding. The overall goal of this review paper is to evaluate the role, kind, and utility of markers in in crop improvement program.
Abstract: To meet the expanding global population's need for food, high-yielding hybrids, varieties, and superior populations of food crops must be developed. This can be accomplished by employing a molecular marker system. Breeders can use molecular markers to choose genotypes directly because they are not affected by the environment. Crop yields must be in...
Show More
-
Effects of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Intercropping on Sorghum Crop Production and Soil Fertility Level in Case of Harari Regional State (Erer Research on Station)
Robe Elema,
Alamu Tolosa,
Frezer Yemane
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2022
Pages:
15-20
Received:
31 December 2021
Accepted:
19 January 2022
Published:
28 January 2022
Abstract: The study was conducted during 2019 main cropping season at Erer research station Babile district PA. Globally pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) is the fifth most important pulse crop mainly grown in the developing countries by resource-poor farmers in drought prone areas and on degraded soils. It is a multipurpose leguminous crop that can provide food, forage, fuel wood and fodder for the small-scale farmer in subsistence agriculture. Pigeon pea is a deep-rooted and drought tolerant grain legume that adds substantial amount of organic matter to the soil and has the ability to fix up to 235 kg N/ha). Harari regional state, farmers didn’t accept drought tolerant sorghum variety, because of small harvests of total biomass. Thus why, pigeon pea sorghum intercropping can solve the problem of low availability of forage and low soil fertility in this low land area. The treatments of the experiments were, Sole sorghum (malkam) variety, Sorghum + Accession 16520, Sorghum + Accession 16527, sorghum +Accession 16528, pigeon pea Accession 16520, Pigeon pea Accession 16527 and Accession 16528 respectively. The design of the experiment was, RCBD with three replication. The result showed significant difference statistically, in terms of plant height, panicle length, and panicle diameter at 5% (table 1). The highest plant height was obtained from the treatment with sorghum intercropped with pigeon pea accession 16527 (tsegas variety). The result that obtained was statistically not significant in terms of grain yield (p < 0.01) among treatments (both sole and intercropped one). In (Table 1) was indicated that intercropping of pigeon pea Accessions had no negative significant effect on grain yields of sorghum. The maximum grain yields were obtained from T3 (sorghumX16527 pigeon pea accession); (2894) kg ha-1), followed by T2 (16527 pigeon pea accession) (2856) kg ha-1 respectively. The minimum grain yield obtained from sole sorghum (2339 kg ha-1). The most probable reason for this variation could be due to leguminous nature of pigeon pea accessions that add nitrogen nutrients to the soil and affect sorghum positively. When observed graphically, there is mean yield difference. Both land equivalent ratio and relative total yield was calculated and the obtained result is about 1.22. So this intercropped experiment is advantageous. Partial budget analysis was conducted and the experiment is economically viable.
Abstract: The study was conducted during 2019 main cropping season at Erer research station Babile district PA. Globally pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) is the fifth most important pulse crop mainly grown in the developing countries by resource-poor farmers in drought prone areas and on degraded soils. It is a multipurpose leguminous crop that can pr...
Show More
-
Soil Seed Bank Study and Propagation Methods of Selected Gums and Resin Producing Tree Species in Wachile District of Borana Zone
Sisay Taye,
Desta Negeyo,
Siraj Kelil
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2022
Pages:
21-28
Received:
13 December 2021
Accepted:
24 January 2022
Published:
28 January 2022
Abstract: Gum and resin bearing tree species were one of the very important resources in Ethiopia. Particularly, Borana pastoralists were used these resources as a source of income generation for their livelihoods. However, the resource was declining over a time due to different natural and human made problems. Therefore, it is important to study for its future sustainability through soil seed bank, seed germinations, vegetative propagations and analyzing its natural regeneration status. Commiphora myrrha, Boswelia neglecta, Boswellia microphylla and Acacia senegal were gum and resin bearing tree species selected for this study. With this; soil seed bank samples were collected from under and outside the canopy of selected tree species. Five tree species of each tree were used to collect soil seed bank sample at two canopy cover and three different soil depth, and 120 soil seed bank samples were taken from all types of tree species and evaluated for its germination. Seeds of selected species were also collected and evaluated for their germination. Moreover, stems and branches of those species were cut, planted and evaluated for their sprout. As a result, the absence of seeds of those species both inside and outside the canopy of trees in all soil depth layers was confirmed. This may be due to seed losses through (fire, degradation and over grazing), improper settlement, over logging, debarking, human over use for food, improper tapping. The result of analysis of variance also showed that, seedling germination percentage, survival percentage, shoot height and root height were highly significant different at (p<0.001) among all the treatments. The observed mean value of germination percentage were 99%, 46%, 40% and 25% for Acacia senegal, Boswellia microphylla, Boswelia neglecta and Commiphora myrrha respectively. Thus, the seed of those species doesn’t have dormancy and all healthy and filled seeds had high germination rates. About 60% of Boswellia microphylla and 50% of both Commiphora myrrha and Boswelia neglecta were sprouted in the fourth year of the studies. Hence, it is advisable to use stem propagations for any conservation purposes incase seeds of those species fail to germinate except for Acacia senegal as it is naturally not propagated by stem cutting. Therefore, it is recommended to increase the regenerations of those species by reducing overgrazing, avoiding burning of those species and reduce land degradations and also using seeds and vegetative propagations if any management aims for conservations.
Abstract: Gum and resin bearing tree species were one of the very important resources in Ethiopia. Particularly, Borana pastoralists were used these resources as a source of income generation for their livelihoods. However, the resource was declining over a time due to different natural and human made problems. Therefore, it is important to study for its fut...
Show More
-
The Current Threats of Wheat Stripe Rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici) Disease and the Consequence for Food Security in Ethiopia
Mandefro Aslake,
Assefa Sintayehu
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2022
Pages:
29-33
Received:
5 January 2022
Accepted:
25 January 2022
Published:
9 February 2022
Abstract: Wheat is the fourth most important staple food crop in Ethiopia and grown in a wide range of agro-ecology. It accounts more than 15% of the total cereal output. The country is the second largest wheat producer in sub-Sahara Africa, and the crop is becoming a key strategic crop for improving food security. However, the national average yield is 2.73 tones/ha, which is far less than from the potential yield of 8 to 10 tones /ha. This low productivity of wheat in Ethiopia is attributed to a number of factors, including biotic (diseases, insect pest and weeds) and abiotic (moisture, soil fertility and etc.). Among biotic factors stripe rust disease is the most series and wheat production bottle necks issue in the country. And in most wheat-producing areas, yield losses caused by stripe rust ranged from 2.7 to 96.7% depending on the degree of susceptibility of the cultivar, timing of the initial infection, rate of disease development, areas of hotspot and duration of disease. Despite its occurrence and distribution much still needs to be understood about its impact and management options of the disease. As a result, this review work was initiated to provide wakefulness and show the present threats of wheat stripe rust disease in Ethiopia. And the review was carried out from associated journals, theses, books and research papers. This review result revealed that knowledge gap, lack of attention, lack of coordination among Regions, Zones, Districts and Sectors, Shortage of resistant varieties and high fungicide price are some of the identified reasons in Ethiopia for the disease to occur regularly and epidemically as well. As the result of this, every year there is more than 10% yield loss (275,000 tones) that costs 94, 795 millions of US dollars. However, during epidemics the loss is much higher than this. Consequently, the disease is considered as one of the constraints for the country not to produce sufficient amount of wheat grain. As a result, in each year the country is imposed to continue importing millions of quintals of wheat grain from abroad that demands high foreign currency. Therefore, this review result conclude that to overcome this challenge the country has to implement more efforts in developing an effective and efficient wheat stripe rust management strategy.
Abstract: Wheat is the fourth most important staple food crop in Ethiopia and grown in a wide range of agro-ecology. It accounts more than 15% of the total cereal output. The country is the second largest wheat producer in sub-Sahara Africa, and the crop is becoming a key strategic crop for improving food security. However, the national average yield is 2.73...
Show More
-
Effect of Compost and Blended NPS Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Food Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) at Welmera District, Central Highland of Ethiopia
Worku Ajema,
Tesfaye Wakgari,
Girma Chala
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2022
Pages:
34-47
Received:
31 December 2021
Accepted:
22 January 2022
Published:
9 February 2022
Abstract: Soil nutrient depletion under losing of soil organic matter consequently continuous cultivation and low input are among the major issues that oblige the sustainable productivity of the yield of barley at Welmera area. A study was, hence, lead to explore the impact of compost and NPS fertilizer combination on yield and yield components of food barley at Holeta Agricultural Research Center on Nitisols in the central highlands of Ethiopia in 2019/2020 cropping season. To achieve this objective, a field trial was arranged in a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement. The treatments consisted of four rates of compost (0, 4, 8, and 12 t/ha), five rates of blended NPS fertilizer (0, 100, 150, 200, and 250 kg/ha) and blanket recommended NP fertilizer (60 kg/ha N + 69 kg/ha P2O5) as standard check. Food barley (HB-1304 variety) was used as a test crop. The result revealed that 50% day to heading, 90% day to maturity, plant height, and spike length were positively influenced by NPS fertilizer applied to the experimental plots. On the contrary, synergistic nutrient interaction effect sourced from compost and NPS fertilizer brought positive influence on yield parameters (total number of tillers, effective tillers per plant, and grain per spike, thousand-grain yield, biomass yield, straw yield, grain yield, and harvest index). Moreover, the collective use of compost at (8 t/ha) and mineral NPS fertilizer at (150 kg/ha) has a better-improved yield of the barley crop. Likewise, the outcome of the economic analysis showed that the application of 8 t/ha compost and 150 kg/ha NPS fertilizer gave the highest economic benefit of 70528 Ethiopian birr ha-1 with the maximum marginal rate of return of 1504%. Hence, the current study recommends that to maintain soil fertility and sustain barley crop production combined use of 8 t/ha compost and 150 kg/ha NPS fertilizer was the best alternate integrated soil fertility management choice in the position of the sole application of inorganic fertilizers for barley production at this area reluctantly. Nevertheless, further studies at different locations for more than one cropping season ought to be considered to provide a more conclusive recommendation for sustainable food barley production.
Abstract: Soil nutrient depletion under losing of soil organic matter consequently continuous cultivation and low input are among the major issues that oblige the sustainable productivity of the yield of barley at Welmera area. A study was, hence, lead to explore the impact of compost and NPS fertilizer combination on yield and yield components of food barle...
Show More
-
Effects of Blended Fertilizer Type and Rates of Application on Yield and Quality of Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum) in Southeastern Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2022
Pages:
48-53
Received:
6 January 2022
Accepted:
28 January 2022
Published:
16 February 2022
Abstract: There are several biotic and abiotic factors that hindered the yield and quality of durum wheat in Ethiopia. To solve the problem, the field experiment was conducted during the 2020/21 cropping season to determine the effect of blended fertilizer type and rate of fertilizer application on the yield and quality of durum wheat in South Eastern Ethiopia. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in factorial arrangement of three different blended fertilizer type (NPS, NPSB and NPSZnB) and four different rates (50 kg/ha, 100 kg/ha, 150 kg/ha and 200 kg/ha) of fertilizer application and one control in each replication. The results indicated that straw yield, Gluten content and protein content were significantly (P>0.05) affected by the main effect of different blended fertilizer type and rates of fertilizer application significantly (P>0.05) whereas harvest index of the wheat are significantly affected only by the different rates of fertilizer application but the productive tiller number, number of seed per spike and spike length were non significantly (P>0.05) affected by the different blended fertilizer type and rates of fertilizer application. More over the interaction effect of different blended fertilizer type and rate of fertilizer application on wheat yield and quality was affects the plant height, biomass yield, thousand seed weight and Grain yield was significant difference (P>0.05) but all other parameters were not affected by the interaction of different fertilizer type and rates of fertilizer application. Therefore based on the result of yield and quality of the durum wheat sown with NPS had better protein quality than the other fertilizer applied. The interactive effect of NPSZnB with 200 kg ha-1 fertilizer rate was superior for achieving higher yield in the study area. However, further study has to be done under different locations based on the soil test with a wide range of different micronutrients and rates of fertilizer application to exploit the tentative recommendation of the present study.
Abstract: There are several biotic and abiotic factors that hindered the yield and quality of durum wheat in Ethiopia. To solve the problem, the field experiment was conducted during the 2020/21 cropping season to determine the effect of blended fertilizer type and rate of fertilizer application on the yield and quality of durum wheat in South Eastern Ethiop...
Show More
-
Relay Cropping Mung Bean by Plant Density and Row Arrangements with Maize on Yield and Yield Components of Component Crops at Jejebicho, Southern Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, February 2022
Pages:
54-66
Received:
13 January 2022
Accepted:
29 January 2022
Published:
16 February 2022
Abstract: Maize is among the most important cereal crops in Ethiopia. Rely-intercropping of mung bean between maize enable to get grain yield of maize instead sole alone. Field experiment was conducted to assess the effects of relay intercropping mung bean at different population density and row arrangements with maize yield components and yield of the component crops, to evaluate the productivity and economic value of maize-mung bean intercropping at Sankura Wereda Jejebicho research station in 2019-2021 main cropping season. Three spatial row arrangements (1:1, 1:2 and 1:3) with four population densities (PD) (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) were intercropped with maize variety ‘Shone’. Each of the component crops were included as a sole for comparison. Randomized complete block design in factorial with three replications was used. days to tasselling, days to physiological maturity, leaf area, leaf area index, hundred kernel weight, grain yield and harvest index of maize significantly affected by the interaction effects of population density and spatial arrangements of mung bean. The highest (8.19 ton/ha) grain yield of maize was obtained from 100% population density and 1:3 spatial row arrangement of mung bean. This may due to the presence of high interspecific competition with related high plant population density per plot area compared to other treatments. Whereas the highest grain yield mung bean (18.54 Quintal/ha) was obtained from when mung rely intercropped with 100% population density and 1:3 row arrangements. The highest thousand seed weight (42.18g) was recorded from 25% population density and 1:1 row arrangements of mung bean. The maximum Land equivalent ration value was calculated from 1.88 from 100% population density in 2019 cropping season. The highest monitory advantage index value 110,280 Ethiopian birr) was obtained from 100% population density with all the three spatial row arrangement of mung bean. Therefore, this experiment could be recommended for mung bean rely cropped with maize by 100% population density and 1:3 row arrangement able the famers to get better grain yield of maize as well as mung bean.
Abstract: Maize is among the most important cereal crops in Ethiopia. Rely-intercropping of mung bean between maize enable to get grain yield of maize instead sole alone. Field experiment was conducted to assess the effects of relay intercropping mung bean at different population density and row arrangements with maize yield components and yield of the compo...
Show More
