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Outline of Hadronic Mathematics, Mechanics and Chemistry as Conceived by R. M. Santilli
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4-1, August 2017
Pages:
1-16
Received:
11 August 2015
Accepted:
24 August 2015
Published:
26 September 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajmp.s.2017060401.11
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Abstract: In this paper, we outline the various branches of hadronic mathematics and their applications to corresponding branches of hadronic mechanics and chemistry as conceived by the Italian-American scientist Ruggero Maria Santilli. According to said conception, hadronic mathematics comprises the following branches for the treatment of matter in conditions of increasing complexity: 1) 20th century mathematics based on Lie’s theory; 2) Iso Mathematics based on Santilli’s isotopies of Lie’s theory; 3) Geno Mathematics based on Santilli’s formulation of Albert’s Lie-admissibility; 4) Hyper Mathematics based on a multi-valued realization of genomathematics with classical operations; and 5) Hyper Mathematics based on Vougiouklis Hv hyperstructures expressed in terms of hyperoperations. Additionally, hadronic mathematics comprises the anti-Hermitean images (called isoduals) of the five preceding mathematics for the description of antimatter also in conditions of increasing complexity. The outline presented in this paper includes the identification of represented physical or chemical systems, the main mathematical structure, and the main dynamical equations per each branch. We also show the axiomatic consistency of various branches of hadronic mathematics as sequential coverings of 20th century mathematics; and indicate a number of open mathematical problems. Novel physical and chemical applications permitted by hadronic mathematics are presented in subsequent collections.
Abstract: In this paper, we outline the various branches of hadronic mathematics and their applications to corresponding branches of hadronic mechanics and chemistry as conceived by the Italian-American scientist Ruggero Maria Santilli. According to said conception, hadronic mathematics comprises the following branches for the treatment of matter in conditio...
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The Informational Magnecule: The Role of Aqueous Coherence and Information in Biological Dynamics and Morphology
Richard Lawrence Norman,
Jeremy Dunning-Davies
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4-1, August 2017
Pages:
17-28
Received:
28 August 2016
Accepted:
30 August 2016
Published:
26 September 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajmp.s.2017060401.12
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Abstract: Biological systems are dependent upon and intertwined with aqueous systems. We will present empirically derived evidence of the unique properties of water and demonstrate the efficacious role of molecular electromagnetic informational encoding as mediated through aqueous dynamics and mnemic properties. Working theory will then be articulated from quantum, thermodynamic and Hadronic aspects. An aqueous molecular species of dynamic magnecule will then be defined. Implications are drawn which point to a possible nontoxic, purely informational potential for future medical and pharmacological science. Magnecules and aqueous informational magnecular dynamics may one day redefine energy storage and production, as well as medical practice.
Abstract: Biological systems are dependent upon and intertwined with aqueous systems. We will present empirically derived evidence of the unique properties of water and demonstrate the efficacious role of molecular electromagnetic informational encoding as mediated through aqueous dynamics and mnemic properties. Working theory will then be articulated from q...
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Two Body IsoElectronium Model of the Heliumic Systems
Anil A. Bhalekar,
Ruggero M. Santilli
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4-1, August 2017
Pages:
29-45
Received:
28 August 2016
Accepted:
30 August 2016
Published:
26 September 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajmp.s.2017060401.13
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Abstract: In preceding works, one of us (R. M. Santilli) has shown that, according to quantum chemistry, identical electrons cannot create the strong bond occurring in molecular structures due to their strongly repulsive Coulomb interaction; has constructed hadronic chemistry as a non-unitary covering of quantum chemistry solely valid at mutual distances of 10-13cm; has introduced contact non-Hamiltonian interactions in the deep penetration of the wavepackets of valence electrons that overcomes said Coulomb repulsion, resulting in a strongly attractive bond of valence electron pairs in singlet called ’isoelectronium’ and shown that the new valence bond allows an exact and time invariant representation of the binding energy of the hydrogen and water molecules. By using these advances and our inference that (from the fact that an atomic lone pair of electrons form a coordinate covalent bond identified by G. N. Lewis) the lone pairs of electrons are indeed isoelectronium, in this paper we present, apparently for the first time, a new structure model of the Helium atom under the name of Iso-Helium, in which the two electrons of a given orbital are strongly coupled into the isoelectronium that provided a quantitative description of Pauli exclusion principle. In particular, as a result of the strongly bound state of Santilli isoelectronium, the iso-Helium reduces to be a two-body system, thus admitting exact analytic solution. The presented analytic solution is applicable to all Helium-like systems. Using it we have calculated effective charge on the nuclei of Helium-like systems that are in excellent agreement with the literature values.
Abstract: In preceding works, one of us (R. M. Santilli) has shown that, according to quantum chemistry, identical electrons cannot create the strong bond occurring in molecular structures due to their strongly repulsive Coulomb interaction; has constructed hadronic chemistry as a non-unitary covering of quantum chemistry solely valid at mutual distances of ...
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A Tentative Magnecular Model of Liquid Water with an Explicit Attractive Force Between Water Molecules
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4-1, August 2017
Pages:
46-52
Received:
8 April 2017
Accepted:
10 April 2017
Published:
26 September 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajmp.s.2017060401.14
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Abstract: In this paper, we outline the main features of the chemical species of magnecules and their magnecular bond; we then present, apparently for the first time, experimental evidence via three different analytic methods at different laboratories on the capability by suitably polarized Hydrogen atoms to have a magnecular bond to ordinary molecules; and we submit, also apparently for the first time, a tentative model of the liquid state of water with an explicitly identified attractive force between the water molecules consisting of magnecular bonds between opposing polarities of the toroidal configurations of the orbits of the valence electrons of water molecules, for which the boiling temperature is the Curie temperature of the magnecular bond as established for other magnecular species. We finally point out the environmental and industrial significance of the achievement of a quantitative structure model of the water liquid state due to its extension to gasoline and other liquid fuels with ensuing possibilities to improve their combustion.
Abstract: In this paper, we outline the main features of the chemical species of magnecules and their magnecular bond; we then present, apparently for the first time, experimental evidence via three different analytic methods at different laboratories on the capability by suitably polarized Hydrogen atoms to have a magnecular bond to ordinary molecules; and ...
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Magnegas - An Alternative Technology for Clean Energy
Vijay M. Tangde,
Sachin S. Wazalwar
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4-1, August 2017
Pages:
53-63
Received:
11 August 2015
Accepted:
12 August 2015
Published:
26 September 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajmp.s.2017060401.15
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Abstract: In the process of Hydraulic fracturing millions of gallons of water, sand and chemicals are pumped underground to break apart the rock to release the gas. In Hydraulic fracturing certain fluids and materials are used to create small fractures in order to stimulate production from new and existing oil and gas wells. This creates paths that increase the rate at which fluids can be produced from the reservoir formations, in some cases by many hundreds of percent. Although it helped in triggering this year almost 42% of decline in crude prices, on the other hand the completion of drilling process leaves behind pits with waste of the overall process. As the sludge or waste of the process is water based liquid with chemicals and hydrocarbon oil remains of the mineral stock, it is a potentially hazardous material for environment. In this view the Plasma Arc Flow Technique to convert this liquid waste into useful MAGNEGASTM (MG) proposed by Professor Ruggero Maria Santilli is much beneficial in reducing the oil waste as well as in minimizing the environmental problems. In the present paper, origin of the concept of a new Magnecular Fuel via Hadronic Chemistry, its composition, technique, characterization and its applications in the diversified Industries are discussed.
Abstract: In the process of Hydraulic fracturing millions of gallons of water, sand and chemicals are pumped underground to break apart the rock to release the gas. In Hydraulic fracturing certain fluids and materials are used to create small fractures in order to stimulate production from new and existing oil and gas wells. This creates paths that increase ...
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Santilli’s Magnecules and Their Applications
Chandrashekhar P. Pandhurnekar,
Sangesh P. Zodape
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4-1, August 2017
Pages:
64-77
Received:
11 August 2015
Accepted:
12 August 2015
Published:
26 September 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajmp.s.2017060401.16
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Abstract: Since the beginning of the industrial revolutions across the different parts of the globe, scientists are constantly trying to get access to clean; affordable and reliable energy which thus has been a cornerstone of the world’s increasing prosperity and economic growth. Our use of energy in the twenty-first century must also be sustainable. Energy efficiency and conservation, as well as decarbonizing our energy sources are essential to this revolution. Reducing carbon emissions on the timescale needed to mitigate the worst risks of climate change will not be driven by our inability to find cost-effective sources of fossil fuels. Here, we are reviewing the work done by Prof. R. M. Santilli on his new chemical species of “Magnecules” which primarily consists of bonds of magnetic types enabling pollution free and environmentally benign emission of exhaust. Also, different applications have also been discussed here.
Abstract: Since the beginning of the industrial revolutions across the different parts of the globe, scientists are constantly trying to get access to clean; affordable and reliable energy which thus has been a cornerstone of the world’s increasing prosperity and economic growth. Our use of energy in the twenty-first century must also be sustainable. Energy ...
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Magnecular Cleaning Coal Combustion Via Magne Gas Additive
Sachin S. Wazalwar,
Vijay M. Tangde
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4-1, August 2017
Pages:
78-84
Received:
11 August 2015
Accepted:
12 August 2015
Published:
26 September 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajmp.s.2017060401.17
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Abstract: Fossil fuels are contributing the largest share in meeting up energy demands of urban lifestyle across the globe. May it be gasoline or coal, all sort of fossil fuels are drilled out of earth crust to burn on the earth surface creating huge burden on air quality. Incomplete combustion of fossil fuels causes pollution of carbon monoxide and other gases. It also eats away the breathable oxygen from atmosphere. Rampant use of coal in power sector causes above problems adding to the global warming phenomenon. Magnecules and magnehydrogen are seen to be best additives to fossil fuels which can effectively enhance the combustion efficiency of fossil fuels. Present paper discusses the enhancement in combustion efficiency of fossil fuels in terms of increased utility of carbon and improved quality of emission reducing the amount of obnoxious gases.
Abstract: Fossil fuels are contributing the largest share in meeting up energy demands of urban lifestyle across the globe. May it be gasoline or coal, all sort of fossil fuels are drilled out of earth crust to burn on the earth surface creating huge burden on air quality. Incomplete combustion of fossil fuels causes pollution of carbon monoxide and other ga...
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Experimental Confirmation of the Synthesis of Neutrons and Neutroids from a Hydrogen Gas
Richard Norman,
Anil A. Bhalekar,
Simone Beghella Bartoli,
Brian Buckley,
Jeremy Dunning-Davies,
Jan Rak,
Ruggero M. Santilli
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4-1, August 2017
Pages:
85-104
Received:
6 June 2017
Accepted:
8 June 2017
Published:
26 September 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajmp.s.2017060401.18
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Abstract: In this paper, we outline preceding mathematical, theoretical and experimental studies on the synthesis of neutrons from a hydrogen gas, and present additional systematic experimental confirmations via the use of three different neutron detectors. We also present experimental evidence of the existence of an intermediate bound state of a proton and an electron with spin zero known as the neutroid. A number of industrial applications currently under development by Thunder Energies Corporation are pointed out.
Abstract: In this paper, we outline preceding mathematical, theoretical and experimental studies on the synthesis of neutrons from a hydrogen gas, and present additional systematic experimental confirmations via the use of three different neutron detectors. We also present experimental evidence of the existence of an intermediate bound state of a proton and ...
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A Possible Angular Quantization as a Complement to the Conventional Radial Quantization in the Hydrogen Atom and Aqueous Systems
Jeremy Dunning-Davies,
Richard Norman,
Ruggero Maria Santilli
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4-1, August 2017
Pages:
105-109
Received:
3 August 2017
Accepted:
7 August 2017
Published:
26 September 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajmp.s.2017060401.19
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Abstract: In this work we propose, apparently for the first time, a possible angular quantization as a complement for the conventional radial quantization with the intent of initiating quantitative studies regarding the capability of liquid water to acquire and propagate information. We articulate the proposed angular quantization via the absorption of thermal energy by the hydrogen atom in the ground state at absolute zero degree temperature prior to the transition to the first excited state. We extend the proposed angular quantization to the hydrogen and water molecules; and conclude that if our model of angular quantization is confirmed, the liquid state of water has the capability of acquiring and propagating a truly vast quantity of information, explaining demonstrated chemo-analogous biological effects apart from chemical exposure.
Abstract: In this work we propose, apparently for the first time, a possible angular quantization as a complement for the conventional radial quantization with the intent of initiating quantitative studies regarding the capability of liquid water to acquire and propagate information. We articulate the proposed angular quantization via the absorption of therm...
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