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Effect of Statroltea on Lipid Metabolism in Rats Fed on High-Fat Diet
Feumba Dibanda Romelle,
Oben Julius Eyong,
Mbofung Carl Moses
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
99-104
Received:
29 May 2014
Accepted:
5 June 2014
Published:
20 June 2014
Abstract: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-obesity potential of a phenolic- rich herbal tea beverage produced in northern regions of Cameroon from the leaves of Stathmostelma sp. (Statroltea). The effect of Statroltea (5 mg/Kg/day) on lipid metabolism was assayed in male rats fed on either standard or high-fat diet for 60 days. Rats of both diet fed Statroltea presented significant (P < 0.05) reduced body weight than their controls with a rate of reduction varying from 5 to 15%. The consumption of Statroltea for 60 days significantly lowered abdominal fat index, blood total and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and hepatic lipids (P < 0.05). Fecal lipids were found to be more excreted in all Statroltea fed rats. This is the first report on the effect of Stathmostelma sp. leaves on lipid metabolism and the study demonstrates that Statroltea, an herbal tea from Stathmostelma sp. leaves has a potential as anti-obesity functional food beverage.
Abstract: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-obesity potential of a phenolic- rich herbal tea beverage produced in northern regions of Cameroon from the leaves of Stathmostelma sp. (Statroltea). The effect of Statroltea (5 mg/Kg/day) on lipid metabolism was assayed in male rats fed on either standard or high-fat diet for 60 days. Rats of ...
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Dried Fruits – Brief Characteristics of their Nutritional Values. Author’s Own Data for Dietary Fibers Content
Gyurova,
Desislava Krasteva,
Enikova,
Rositsa Kirilova
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
105-109
Received:
20 May 2014
Accepted:
11 June 2014
Published:
20 June 2014
Abstract: A review of nutritional and dietetic properties of dried fruits, such as natural and concentrated sources of sugars, vitamins A, C, niacin, riboflavin and folate, potassium and trace elements of iron and copper, and of organic acids, phytonutrients with antioxidant properties was made. Many important properties of dry fruits have a low glycemic index and the content of dietary fiber, including insoluble fiber. The results of insoluble dietary fiber content by enzymatic-gravimetric method AOAC 991.42 of 18 kinds of different varieties Bulgarian dried fruits were shown. The highest content of fiber was found in hips (40%), followed by dried quinces, pears, chokeberries, dried apples, and plums (from about 13% to over 23%). A lower content of insoluble fiber in different varieties of cherries and sour cherries is established. The data are important for a healthy nutrition of Bulgarian population, but also for a diet-therapeutic practice, and problems related to motility of the gastrointestinal system, anemia, and atherosclerosis, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
Abstract: A review of nutritional and dietetic properties of dried fruits, such as natural and concentrated sources of sugars, vitamins A, C, niacin, riboflavin and folate, potassium and trace elements of iron and copper, and of organic acids, phytonutrients with antioxidant properties was made. Many important properties of dry fruits have a low glycemic ind...
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Determination of Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn in Indigenous Complementary Infant Flour from Kenya by Total-Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence
Kilavi Pamella Kageliza,
Maina David Muchori,
Gatari Michael Gichuru,
Wagner Annmarie,
Adeleye Michael
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
110-116
Received:
28 May 2014
Accepted:
17 June 2014
Published:
30 June 2014
Abstract: Four dietary trace elements were determined in indigenous complementary infant flours collected from mothers in rural areas of Kenya using total-reflection x-ray technique. A high variability of these trace element levels were observed in the samples. The variability was dependent on type of ingredients used, the proportions of these ingredients in the sample and the origin of the samples. Further studies on bioavailability of trace elements in such kinds of complementary infant foods could be carried out to ascertain its viability of eliminating micronutrients deficiencies among infants and young children in developing countries.
Abstract: Four dietary trace elements were determined in indigenous complementary infant flours collected from mothers in rural areas of Kenya using total-reflection x-ray technique. A high variability of these trace element levels were observed in the samples. The variability was dependent on type of ingredients used, the proportions of these ingredients in...
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Nutrient Intake, Nutrient Status and Pattern of Infections in HIV Sero-Positive Patients in Chulaimbo Sub-District Hospital, Kenya
Agatha Christine Onyango,
Mary Khakoni Walingo,
Grace Mbagaya,
Rose Kakai
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
117-123
Received:
29 May 2014
Accepted:
12 June 2014
Published:
30 June 2014
Abstract: HIV worsens the nutritional status by increasing the body’s requirement for food and also leads to opportunistic infections, which in turn, increase body nutrition requirements. The objective was to assess nutrient intake, nutrient status and nutritional status and establish the infection pattern of HIV seropositive patients attending a Comprehensive Care Clinic. A prospective cohort design was adopted where 497 HIV and AIDS patients enrolled at the hospital were followed for six months. This comprised of 105 males and 392 females attending the AMPATH Comprehensive Care Clinic in Chulaimbo Sub-district hospital from February 2010 to July 2010. Analysis of nutrient intake using 24-hour recall, food frequency checklist, nutrient status using biochemical assessment indicators (haemoglobin, creatinine, serum glutamate pyruvate (SGPT) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and pattern of infections using a morbidity tool. There was inadequate nutrient intake reported in most of the patients although a slightly more than half (55.3%) had three meals per day. Malnutrition was observed in 20.3% of 497 HIV sero-positive patients were who had a mean BMI < 18.5kg/m2. The common co-infections/opportunistic infections were pneumonia (16.1%), tuberculosis (14.9%), dermatitis (8.7%), malaria (5.6%) and oral candidiasis (0.8%). Therefore, nutrition assessment of HIV and AIDS patients is important at all stages of the disease in order to identify those with signs of malnutrition. This will assist in preventing or detecting malnutrition from the early stages of HIV infection among HIV and AIDS patients.
Abstract: HIV worsens the nutritional status by increasing the body’s requirement for food and also leads to opportunistic infections, which in turn, increase body nutrition requirements. The objective was to assess nutrient intake, nutrient status and nutritional status and establish the infection pattern of HIV seropositive patients attending a Comprehensi...
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Determination of Pesticide Residues in Plant-Based Foods from the Republic of Macedonia
Vesna Kostik,
Bistra Angelovska,
Evgenija Kiroska-Petreska,
Biljana Bauer
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
124-129
Received:
2 June 2014
Accepted:
12 June 2014
Published:
30 June 2014
Abstract: The present study investigates pesticide residues in samples of fresh and processed fruits and vegetables produced in Republic of Macedonia. Investigations were carried out as a part of the National Monitoring Programme under the recommendations of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). From September 2012 to June 2013, a total of 168 samples of different fresh vegetables: tomato, paprika, cucumber, potato, onion, carrot, cabbage; processed vegetables: pasteurized paprika, ketchup; fresh fruits: apple, acid cherry, table grapes and wine grapes; processed fruits: jams and canned fruits were tested on the presence of 33 pesticide residues. The QuEChERS procedure was used for sample preparation, except for dithiocarabamates and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) techniques were applied for pesticide residues identification and determination. The results of the study showed that cucumber was the crop with the highest number of pesticide residues with the predominant presence of methomyl, (0.015-0.21 mg/kg), metalaxyl (0.04-0.16 mg/kg), and imidacloprid (0.017-0.036 mg/kg). Only two samples (1.19% of the total samples) contained one pesticide residue above the Maximum Residues Levels (MRLs). The results of the current study showed that 98.8% of the tested samples contained residues below the MRLs.
Abstract: The present study investigates pesticide residues in samples of fresh and processed fruits and vegetables produced in Republic of Macedonia. Investigations were carried out as a part of the National Monitoring Programme under the recommendations of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). From September 2012 to June 2013, a total of 168 samples o...
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Assessment of Breakfast Eating Habits and its Association with Cognitive Performance of Early Adolescents (11-13 Years) in Shebedino District, Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Anchamo Anato Adole,
Markos Budusa Ware
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
130-137
Received:
12 June 2014
Accepted:
26 June 2014
Published:
10 July 2014
Abstract: Background: Regular consumption of breakfast is associated with improved cognitive performance and nutrient intake in adolescents. Despite breakfast’s positive attributes, many children go to school without breakfast. The objective of this study was to assess the association between breakfast eating habits and cognitive performance among early adolescents aged 11-13 years old in the study area. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted from June to July 2012. Structured questionnaire was used to capture breakfast eating habits, socio-economic and demographic factors. Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children -II tests was used for cognitive performance measurement. A representative sample size of 211 participants was selected randomly from 4 kebeles. The data was analyzed with SPSS version 16.0 software. Results: Of the 208 interview, 52% were girls while 48% were boys with mean (±SD) age of 12.01±0.82 years. Breakfast skipping prevalence was 42.3%. Regular breakfast eating habits were significantly (P<0.001) associated with Simultaneous scale and Pattern Reasoning. Regular breakfast eating habit and mother education were significantly (P<0.001) associated with Sequential scale explaining 13.7% variation. Regular breakfast eating habits were also significantly associated with Pattern Reasoning explaining 31.6 % variation. Conclusion: Irregular consumption or skipping breakfast and socio-demographic factors have beneficial influence on cognitive performance of adolescents. The important predictors of cognitive performance were breakfast eating habits and maternal education. We recommended that, parents and adolescents should be educated and trained on healthy breakfast eating patterns and good nutrition practices for healthy cognitive development of adolescents.
Abstract: Background: Regular consumption of breakfast is associated with improved cognitive performance and nutrient intake in adolescents. Despite breakfast’s positive attributes, many children go to school without breakfast. The objective of this study was to assess the association between breakfast eating habits and cognitive performance among early adol...
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Antioxidants in Fig (Ficus carica L.) and their Effects in the Prevention of Atherosclerosis in Hamsters
Manal Said Tawfik,
Mona Alhejy
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
138-145
Received:
14 June 2014
Accepted:
28 June 2014
Published:
10 July 2014
Abstract: Phenolics are an important constituent of fruit quality because of their contribution to the taste, color and nutritional properties of fruit. This study aimed to determine the level of phenolics in fig. In addition, it is also to study their impact on early atherosclerosis. The used methodology was by feeding 30 hamsters which were grouped into three groups. Each group has equally of 10 hamsters. These three groups were fed standard diet, atherogenic diet, atherogenic diet with dried fig (0.6 gm/ kg body weight). During 8 weeks of this study trial, hamster body weight and its liver weight were measured. Subsequently, blood samples were collected for the following tests which are; total cholesterol level, High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HLD), low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL), Triglycerides (TG) and liver enzymes Aspartate amino transferase (AST), Alanine amino transferase (ALT). The analysed phenolics present at the highest content were gallic acid (30.99 mg per 100 g DW), followed by epigallocatechine (25.44 mg per 100 g DW), caffeine (20.23 mg per 100 g DW), catechine (13.88 mg per 100 g DW), epicatechine (12.48 mg per 100 g DW), rutin (3.26 mg per 100 g DW), epigallocatechine gallate (2.52 mg per 100 g DW). Significant increases in body weight and liver weight of hamsters fed atherogenic diet (P<0.05). On contrary, hamsters fed with fig diet they had insignificant decrease of body weight with significant decrease of their liver weight. Additionally, study has revealed significant increase of total cholesterol level, LDL, and TG among atherogenic diet group (P < 0.05). While hamster group fed with fig in diet showed a significantly decreased in the total cholesterol level, LDL, and TG. The HDL level was improved in the former group. However, liver enzymes (AST), (ALT) were increased significantly among group which was fed by atherogenic diet. But they were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) among those hamsters fed by fig.
Abstract: Phenolics are an important constituent of fruit quality because of their contribution to the taste, color and nutritional properties of fruit. This study aimed to determine the level of phenolics in fig. In addition, it is also to study their impact on early atherosclerosis. The used methodology was by feeding 30 hamsters which were grouped into th...
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Distribution of the Total Arsenic Content in Drinking Water Obtained from Different Water Sources in the Republic of Macedonia
Vesna Kostik,
Biljana Gjorgeska,
Bistra Angelovska,
Biljana Bauer,
Sofija Petkovska
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
146-155
Received:
19 June 2014
Accepted:
7 July 2014
Published:
20 July 2014
Abstract: The present study investigates the total arsenic (As) content in the samples of drinking water in the Republic of Macedonia, which is obtained from different water sources, such as: springs, surface accumulations, underground accumulations and drilled wells. From January 2013 to December 2013, a total of 780 samples obtained from the public water supply systems at 35 measurement points distributed throughout the whole territory of the Republic of Macedonia were analyzed on the total As content. A flow injection atomic absorption spectrometry (FIAS) was employed for the determination of the total As content after wet digestion of the samples with nitric acid (67%, W/V) and hydrogen peroxide (30%, V/V). The results of the study revealed that in 96.7% of the tested samples, As content was below established maximum allowable concentration (MAC) of 10 μg/L. As concentrations up to 26.4 μg/L were found in the samples of drinking water that comes from the water sources located in the vicinity of Kozhuf Mountain, which is due to the mineral composition of the mountain body rich with As containing minerals: lorandite, orpiment, realgar, arsenopyrite etc. Higher As concentrations (5.47 μg/L – 26.6 μg/L) were also found in the samples of drinking water obtained from the water supply system of the towns from the Dojran Municipality which are located in the vicinity of thermal-mineral area of Mala Boshka – Toplec. It can be concluded that the presence of total As in the potable water in the Republic of Macedonia comes only from natural sources.
Abstract: The present study investigates the total arsenic (As) content in the samples of drinking water in the Republic of Macedonia, which is obtained from different water sources, such as: springs, surface accumulations, underground accumulations and drilled wells. From January 2013 to December 2013, a total of 780 samples obtained from the public water s...
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Comparison between Light and Diet Food in Relation to Conventional Food Through the Analyze of Labels
Margarete Frutuoso Antunes,
Daniela Soares de Oliveira,
Rafael Resende Maldonado
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
156-161
Received:
15 June 2014
Accepted:
9 July 2014
Published:
20 July 2014
Abstract: The aim of this work was to analyze light and diet food and to compare them with conventional version identifying compliance with the recommendations set by the Brazilian law. Seventy light and diet food were selected. The variation of the amount of nutrients compared to conventional version was calculated. The products were divided into 6 categories (dairy, beverage, starch, sweet, sauce and meat) to systematize the evaluation. The quantity of energy, carbohydrate, sugar, protein, total fat, sodium, fiber and calcium were evaluated according to Brazilian law. Most of products evaluated were in accordance with the law. Only 12.8% of the products had some problems with the legislation. Some products presented harmful changes for the consumers, such as increased levels of sodium (53%) and protein (60%), and reduced fiber content in 70% of cases. On the other hand, some products presented beneficial changes, such as increase of calcium (55%). Furthermore, 51% of products had a reduction in calorie above 25% in relation of conventional food (minimum required for light products according to Brazilian law). In relation to total fat, this number increased to 70%. Most of light and diet products were in accordance with the Brazilian law, with reduction of carbohydrates, fats and calories, but there is still a percentage of irregular products with increased in protein and sodium, and reduced in fiber which it may be harmful to the consumer.
Abstract: The aim of this work was to analyze light and diet food and to compare them with conventional version identifying compliance with the recommendations set by the Brazilian law. Seventy light and diet food were selected. The variation of the amount of nutrients compared to conventional version was calculated. The products were divided into 6 categori...
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Quality Assessment of Nigerian Honeys Sourced from Different Floral Locations
Ndife Joel,
Kida Fatimah,
Makarfi Tijjani
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
162-167
Received:
9 July 2014
Accepted:
16 July 2014
Published:
30 July 2014
Abstract: Comparative studies on the quality of honey obtained from different floral locations in Nigeria were investigated. Parameters such as physical properties, chemical, mineral, microbial contents and antimicrobial activity as well as organoleptic quality were evaluated. The results of the physico-chemical properties show the following range of values for acidity (1.36-1.55%), soluble solids (80.96-82.00%), specific gravity (1.41-1.44) and sweetness index (52.52-62.73). While the proximate values were: moisture (15.69-18.41%), protein (0.90-1.15%), fat (0.12-0.21%), ash (0.26-0.38%) and carbohydrate (79.94-82.71%). Potassium (55.31mg/100g) and calcium (5.14mg/100g) were the dominant minerals in the honey samples. The highest microbial count was observed in sample NSK (1.4±0.14x102 cfu/100g). There were no observable coliform growths in all the samples. All the honey samples exhibited antibacterial activities with clear zones that range from 2.05-6.10mm. Honey samples KAD and ABJ had the best overall acceptance scores of 8.49 and 8.27 respectively.
Abstract: Comparative studies on the quality of honey obtained from different floral locations in Nigeria were investigated. Parameters such as physical properties, chemical, mineral, microbial contents and antimicrobial activity as well as organoleptic quality were evaluated. The results of the physico-chemical properties show the following range of values ...
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Comparative Evaluation of Chemical and Functional Properties of Some Lima Bean Varieties (Phaseolus Lunatus) Consumed in Arondizuogu, Imo state, Nigeria
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
168-172
Received:
11 July 2014
Accepted:
19 July 2014
Published:
30 July 2014
Abstract: Aim: A comparative assessment of chemical and functional properties of some varieties of lima bean consumed in Arondizuogu, Imo state were carried out. Methodology: Seven varieties of lima bean, identified on the basis of colour were purchased from a local market. One kilogram of each variety was cleaned, washed with tap water and milled into fine flours (70mm mesh screen). The flours were analyzed for proximate, minerals, anti nutrient, food toxicant, and functional properties using standard assay methods. Result: The protein content of the lima bean varieties ranged from 19.33 to 25. 43 %. All the varieties had high and comparable values for ash and fibre (3.88 to 4.13 % and 3.99 to 4.43 %) respectively. The fat content of all the varieties were low. The seven varieties had high and comparable carbohydrate level (65.60% to 71.51%) The zinc and iron values ranged from 28.88 to 33.06mg and 57.22 to 6.24mg. The mottled brown, deep cream and mottled black varieties had highest iron content (60.02, 60.24 and 60. 22mg), while the dark red variety had the highest zinc level (33.06mg) followed by the dark brown and black with zinc values of (31.45 and 31.44mg,j respectively. The phosphorus and copper content of all the varieties were high and comparable (4.20 to 4. 66mg and 4.38 to 4. 68mg). The hydrogen cyanide levels of all the varieties were high (38.38 to 43.55mg). The water absorption capacity, foam capacity and least gelation concentration were high in all the varieties (63.21 to 70.33, 12.08 to 13.18 and 14-16, respectively). Conclusion: Lima bean has a high nutrient profile despite the variety. It is rich in protein, ash, fiber, zinc, copper, iron, phosphorus and has a good functional attributes.
Abstract: Aim: A comparative assessment of chemical and functional properties of some varieties of lima bean consumed in Arondizuogu, Imo state were carried out. Methodology: Seven varieties of lima bean, identified on the basis of colour were purchased from a local market. One kilogram of each variety was cleaned, washed with tap water and milled into fine ...
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Development of Lemon Fruit Flavored Tasty Saline Functional Powder Drinks
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
173-178
Received:
2 July 2014
Accepted:
21 July 2014
Published:
30 July 2014
Abstract: Nowadays, agglomerated citrus fruit flavored Tasty Saline functional powder drink represents a very appealing functional beverage for adult customers. It is produced by mixing basic ingredients (refined sucrose, refined common salt, encapsulated lemon flavor, dextrose anhydrous and potassium chloride) which were followed by agglomeration. Agglomeration is necessary, because non-agglomerated refined sucrose exhibit very poor flow and reconstitution properties. This research showed the influence of process conditions and composition of the different powder mixtures on the physical properties of the agglomerated final product. Agglomeration was conducted using batch fluid bed agglomerator at a constant air temperature (60°C), with a constant addition of citric acid with acid regulators with varying duration of the process and varying amount of added water. Bulk density and particle size were conducted prior to and post agglomeration, while agglomerate hardness was estimated by conducting a compression test with a 30 mm probe on Texture Analyzer. Percentage of added water had a significant effect on bulk density and the duration of the agglomeration process. This effect was more significant with mixtures made with salt. As for mixtures with 0.45 % to 0.55% encapsulated flavor, a significant influence of water addition on agglomerate median diameter was found. Agglomeration time and the percentage of added water showed dependence towards the composition of the mixture. This research showed that, in order to agglomerate powder mixtures successfully, parameters such as mixture composition, particle size, percentage of added water and acidulates, drying temperature, process duration and ambient conditions should be well coordinated and controlled to get agglomerates with optimal quality.
Abstract: Nowadays, agglomerated citrus fruit flavored Tasty Saline functional powder drink represents a very appealing functional beverage for adult customers. It is produced by mixing basic ingredients (refined sucrose, refined common salt, encapsulated lemon flavor, dextrose anhydrous and potassium chloride) which were followed by agglomeration. Agglomera...
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Nutritional Status and Associated Factors among Orphan Children below the Age of Five Years in Gondar City, Ethiopia
Teklemariam Gultie,
Endalkew Sisay,
Girum Sebsibie
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
179-184
Received:
21 July 2014
Accepted:
29 July 2014
Published:
10 August 2014
Abstract: Introduction: Orphan and vulnerable children are at high risk for malnutrition due to poor economic status, less medical and social care. Despite the high number of Orphans and Vulnerable Children with potential risk for malnutrition in Ethiopia, there is insufficient evidence that indicates the nutritional status as well as the effect of orphan hood and child vulnerability on nutritional status. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the nutritional status and associated factors among Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Gondar City, Ethiopia. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted from August 01 to 30/2013 on under-five Orphans and Vulnerable Children. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from the guardians. The child’s nutritional status was assessed anthropometrically using a Height-for-Age, Weight-for-Age and Weight-for-Height. Epi Info 3.5.1 was used to enter the data and both bivariate and multivariate analysis was used to test the association between nutritional status and independent variables. Results: The overall prevalence of stunting, underweight and wasting was 45.7%, 27.8% and 9.9% respectively. The main contributing factors for malnutrition were family size, age of children, caregiver educational status, and main source of income, Households income, Vitamin A Supplementation, number of Orphans and Vulnerable Children and two weeks period diarrheal disease prior to the study. Conclusion: - The prevalence of malnutrition in children below the age of five was high. To improve the nutritional status of those Children, comprehensive nutrition intervention strategy needs to designed and strengthen the economic status of the households by income generating techniques.
Abstract: Introduction: Orphan and vulnerable children are at high risk for malnutrition due to poor economic status, less medical and social care. Despite the high number of Orphans and Vulnerable Children with potential risk for malnutrition in Ethiopia, there is insufficient evidence that indicates the nutritional status as well as the effect of orphan ho...
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Supplementation of Infant Formula with Probiotics, Prebiotics, DHA & ARA: A Systematic Review
Tambakhe M. K.,
Pawar P. A.
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
185-194
Received:
14 July 2014
Accepted:
30 July 2014
Published:
10 August 2014
Abstract: There are recommendations to guide parents to help their infants make the transition from milk to weaning foods, but they differ in their focus in developed or developing countries and on the physiological and behavioral reasons that underlie the introduction of weaning foods. According to recommendations, ideally, term infants should begin weaning at six months, while breastfeeding should continue for two years. The recommendations on nutrients in complementary foods are based on the nutrient gap between the composition and volume of breast milk after approximately six months of exclusive breastfeeding and the physiology of infant nutritional requirements. Gastrointestinal flora influences health, but the composition of flora can be changed with prebiotics or probiotics. The addition of probiotics to powdered infant formula has not been demonstrated to be harmful to healthy term infants. ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition reviews the effect of adding probiotic bacteria to infant formulas, follow-on formulas and special medical foods. The administration of probiotic (single or in combination) supplementation in infant or follow-on formula, and given beyond early infancy, may be associated with some clinical benefits, such as a reduction in the risk of nonspecific gastrointestinal infections, a reduced risk of antibiotic use and a lower frequency of colic and irritability. The addition of prebiotics to infant formula softens stools but other putative effects remain to be demonstrated. Studies published post marketing shows that infant fed a long-chain inulin/galactooligosaccharide mixture (0.8 g/dl) in formula normally have no side – effects. The addition of same mixture at a concentration of 0.8 g/dl to infant formula was therefore recognized as safe by European Commission in 2001 but follow – up studies were recommended. It is thought that a bifidogenic effect is beneficial for the infant host. The rising incidence in allergy during the first year of life may justify the attempts to modulate the infant’s formula. In addition to prebiotic and probiotic, DHA and ARA are important for brain and eye development. Many researchers have demonstrated the role of DHA and ARA in infant health and development.
Abstract: There are recommendations to guide parents to help their infants make the transition from milk to weaning foods, but they differ in their focus in developed or developing countries and on the physiological and behavioral reasons that underlie the introduction of weaning foods. According to recommendations, ideally, term infants should begin weaning...
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Effects of Whey Protein Concentrate on Shelf Life of Cookies Using Corn and Sunflower Oils
Melina Erben,
Hugo Diego Sánchez,
Carlos Alberto Osella
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
195-199
Received:
21 July 2014
Accepted:
9 August 2014
Published:
20 August 2014
Abstract: The objective of this work was to study the effect of whey protein concentrate (WPC) on shelf life of cookies using corn and sunflower oils as fat source. Wheat flour was partially replaced by WPC with levels of 5, 7.5, 10 and 15 %. A User Defined Design was used and the three following responses were measured: peroxide index (meqO2/kg), flavour (score from 1-10) and rancidity (detectable and non-detectable) at 0, 7, 14, 21 and 70 days of storage. Results show that during storage peroxide index (PI) increases in all cookies samples. However a significant decrease was found when corn oil was used instead of sunflower oil and when the level of WPC goes from 0% to 15%. Regarding sensory evaluation, all cookies were evaluated as acceptable (scored flavour ≥ 6) and no rancid flavour was perceived, except for two samples which were assigned with 5 and rancid flavour was considered as detectable; these samples correspond to cookies evaluated at day 70, elaborated with sunflower oil and the lowest dose of WPC. No significant differences were found in cookies flavour prepared with different oils. On the other hand and relative to the level of WPC replacement, differences were found by the panel at days 0 and 7, a reduction in assigned score when WPC dose was increased, however this difference was not significant in the subsequent assessment days. According to research results, an increase in stability was clearly obtained in cookies elaborated with corn oil and the highest concentration of WPC.
Abstract: The objective of this work was to study the effect of whey protein concentrate (WPC) on shelf life of cookies using corn and sunflower oils as fat source. Wheat flour was partially replaced by WPC with levels of 5, 7.5, 10 and 15 %. A User Defined Design was used and the three following responses were measured: peroxide index (meqO2/kg), flavour (s...
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Air Frying a New Technique for Produce of Healthy Fried Potato Strips
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, July 2014
Pages:
200-206
Received:
25 July 2014
Accepted:
11 August 2014
Published:
20 August 2014
Abstract: The objective of this work was carried out to study the evaluate air frying process as a new technique for frying process. The Potato strips were fried in both air-frying machines (Tefal Actifry) at 180ºC±5ºC for 40 min and traditional frying process at 180ºC for 40 min, 6 min/batch. After frying, the moisture and oil uptake were determined. Changes in some physico-chemical properties of oil extracted from fried potato strips by the two frying process were determined. Also, organoleptic evaluation of fried potato strips by using air and traditional frying process were evaluated by tasters. Results indicated that the moisture content and oil uptake in fried potato strips by air frying were significantly lower than fried potato strips by traditional frying. Changes in some physico-chemical properties (free fatty acid, peroxide value, polar, polymer and oxidized fatty acids contents) of oil extracted from fried potato were significantly higher in traditional frying than air frying. Organoleptic attributes of fried potato strips by air frying surprised on fried potato strips for traditional frying. Generally, the air frying was more suitable for frying process and produce healthy fried foods than other traditional frying method.
Abstract: The objective of this work was carried out to study the evaluate air frying process as a new technique for frying process. The Potato strips were fried in both air-frying machines (Tefal Actifry) at 180ºC±5ºC for 40 min and traditional frying process at 180ºC for 40 min, 6 min/batch. After frying, the moisture and oil uptake were determined. Change...
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