Thyme and Clove Essential Oils as Antioxidants and Antimicrobial in Beef Sausage
Amal Gamil Sedki,
Ashraf Refaat El-Zainy,
Basma Tarek Rajab
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 5, September 2020
Pages:
117-126
Received:
13 August 2020
Accepted:
24 August 2020
Published:
21 September 2020
Abstract: Sausage is one of the well-liked foodstuffs in many areas. However, its quality is vulnerable to deteriorate owing to the lipid oxidation and microbial contamination. This research aimed to study the influence of thyme and clove essential oils (EOs) with or without nitrite on the chemical composition, microbial growth, and lipid oxidation rate in sausage during frozen storage-18°C for three months. The obtained results showed that the main component in clove EO and thyme EO is eugenol and thymol. Adding sodium nitrite to sausage resulted in declines in moisture and crude lipids and increases in protein and ash contents of sausage. Adding the tested EOs increased nitrite's effect on the chemical composition of sausage. Besides, these EOs lowered TBARS values, residual nitrite, and TBC in sausage. They also resulted in the rise of nitrite's efficacy in reducing TBARS values and TBC in sausage. Proteus was more sensitive than Klebsiella, whereas E. coli showed more resistance when adding nitrite or EO to sausage. The tested EOs increased the inhibitory influence of nitrite on Proteus, Klebsiella, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans in sausage. We concluded that the EOs of clove and thyme have antioxidant and antimicrobial efficacies in raw beef sausage during frozen storage. Also, they have a synergistic impact on nitrite. Therefore, it is suggested that these EOs, especially thyme, could be utilized to prolong shelf-life, prevent deterioration of sausage, and lessen the added nitrite's proportion to sausage for avoiding the formation of carcinogenic N-nitrosamines.
Abstract: Sausage is one of the well-liked foodstuffs in many areas. However, its quality is vulnerable to deteriorate owing to the lipid oxidation and microbial contamination. This research aimed to study the influence of thyme and clove essential oils (EOs) with or without nitrite on the chemical composition, microbial growth, and lipid oxidation rate in s...
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The Effects of a Multivitamin, Multimineral, and Multiantioxidant Supplement on Cardio-Metabolic Risk Biomarkers: A Cross-Sectional Study
Huifeng Jin,
Rolando Lorenzo Maddela,
Robert Andrew Sinnott
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 5, September 2020
Pages:
127-138
Received:
7 October 2020
Accepted:
22 October 2020
Published:
30 October 2020
Abstract: Use of dietary supplements like multivitamins/multiminerals (MVMM) and antioxidant nutrients, is a potentially safe and cost-effective alternative to medications. Dietary supplements-induced health promotion is controversial among available studies, and vast majority studies were done with individual or a subset of dietary supplements. In this study we assessed the effect of a blended supplement (CellSentials), formulated with MVMM and rich phytochemicals antioxidants, on multiple cardio-metabolic risk biomarkers. We recruited 56 subjects (age: 58.8 ± 1.6) with over one year consumption of blended supplements. Common cardio-metabolic risk biomarkers were measured, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), plasma glucose (Glu), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high-density cholesterol (HDL-C)), low-density cholesterol (LDL-C), TC: HDL ratio, oxidative stress markers gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and inflammation markers white blood cell (WBC) count, and C-reactive protein (CRP). They were compared to the age, gender and race-matched Non-Users from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2014 (n=769, mean age: 55.6 ± 0.5) by multiple linear and logistic regression analyses. Blended supplements users had significantly lower levels of Glucose (p< 0.001), TGs (p<0.001), and TC: HDL-C ratio (p<0.001), higher level of HDL-C (p=0.008) as well as lower levels of GGT (p=0.002), CRP (p=0.007) and WBC (p=0.002) than NHANES controls. There were no significant differences in SBP, DBP, TC, LDL-C. Correspondingly, blended supplements users had significantly reduced risks of elevated glucose (OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.07 – 0.61), ratio of TC: HDL-C (OR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.02 – 0.31), TGs levels (OR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01 – 0.4), and low HDL-C (OR, 0.23; 95%CI, 0.06 – 0.88). These results demonstrated that blended supplement users had healthier pattern in cardio-metabolic biomarkers than control.
Abstract: Use of dietary supplements like multivitamins/multiminerals (MVMM) and antioxidant nutrients, is a potentially safe and cost-effective alternative to medications. Dietary supplements-induced health promotion is controversial among available studies, and vast majority studies were done with individual or a subset of dietary supplements. In this stud...
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