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Development of Gluten Free Snacks Fortified with Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) Powder
Hanan A. Hussien,
Eman M. Salem
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
136-144
Received:
8 October 2016
Accepted:
21 October 2016
Published:
25 November 2016
Abstract: Portulaca oleracea (Portulacaceae family) is listed in the World Health Organization as one of the most used medicinal plants. It has been described as a “power food” of future because of its high nutritive and its anti-oxidant properties. Purslane, has high content of protein, ash and fiber and is a good source of minerals. Also, it has a high content of phenols (179.89 mg/100gm) and omega 3 fatty acid (44.29%). The radical scavenging activity (RSA) of purslane is high (89.23%). Rice flour was fortified by three levels of puslane powder and the snacks were subjected to the physicochemical and sensory analysis. The addition of purslane had significantly increased the protein, ash and fiber contents of extruded snacks as the amount of purslane increased. Also the addition of purslane caused increased in iron, zinc and calcium content to double. The total phenol content of the purslane fortified snacks increased as the amount of purslane increased. The addition of 10% purslane caused an increase in antioxidant to 87.28% compared with 67.44% for control. It can be noticed that, the addition of purslane had significantly increased linolenic (omega 3 fatty acid) and linoleic acid. The fortification with 2% purslane showed to be the most preferable fortified extrudes sample. Therefore, purslane could successfully be used to enrich snacks, giving an alternative utilization and healthy choice.
Abstract: Portulaca oleracea (Portulacaceae family) is listed in the World Health Organization as one of the most used medicinal plants. It has been described as a “power food” of future because of its high nutritive and its anti-oxidant properties. Purslane, has high content of protein, ash and fiber and is a good source of minerals. Also, it has a high con...
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Growth and Nutritional Quality Comparison Between Two Common Purslanes, Portulaca granulatostellulata and P. Edulis
Jingjing Yun,
Man Li,
Qi Li,
Xinyi Yang,
Xinfeng Wang,
Changmei Lu
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
145-151
Received:
19 October 2016
Accepted:
29 October 2016
Published:
25 November 2016
Abstract: Portulaca granulatostellulata and P. edulisare two subspecies ofcommon purslane. The biomass of both plants was similar; however, with long upright stems and a long vegetative period, P. edulis production was easier. Both subspecies were rich in vitamin C and flavonoids, main organic nutrients’ contents in 25-d-old plants were higher than those in15-d-old plants, and were higher in P. granulatostellulata. Both purslanes were rich in minerals, with the K content being the highest, and was higher in P. edulis, whereas the Ca content was higher in P. granulatostellulata. A similarly high content of polyunsaturated fatty acid, particularly α-linolenic acid, in both purslanes showed their high value in balancing the ω-6/ω-3 intake ratio. Furthermore, all the contents of nitrate and heavy metals in this study were within the safe range, and the oxalic acid content in mature plants decreased to the high level of oxalic acid in vegetables. In brief, both purslanes are excellent reserve crops for use as vegetables and medicines. P. edulis has advantages over P. granulatostellulata regarding plant appearance and the K content. P. granulatostellulata has advantages regarding Vc, flavonoid and other mineral contents; Both purslanes are similar in fatty acid composition and are suitable for picking at a mature stage.
Abstract: Portulaca granulatostellulata and P. edulisare two subspecies ofcommon purslane. The biomass of both plants was similar; however, with long upright stems and a long vegetative period, P. edulis production was easier. Both subspecies were rich in vitamin C and flavonoids, main organic nutrients’ contents in 25-d-old plants were higher than those in1...
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Parents’ Practices Associated with Aflatoxin Contamination and Control of Complementary Foods in Central Tanzania
Selestin Ngoma,
Bendantukuka Tiisekwa,
Dismas Mwaseba,
Martin Kimanya
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
152-161
Received:
22 October 2016
Accepted:
3 November 2016
Published:
25 November 2016
Abstract: Parents’ practices that are associated with aflatoxin contamination and control in complementary foods were studied in Central Tanzania. A descriptive cross-sectional survey using interviewer-administered structured pretested questionnaire was conducted among 364 randomly selected parents of children aged between 6-23 months, and the mean age (SD) of the respondents was 30 (8.3) years old. The majority 33.2% of the participants harvest their crops in April followed by June which is 26.6%, March which is 21.2% and May which is 19% of all the participants. Most processing activities like dehulling, milling, drying, storage were analysed. The statistical packages SPSS (version 21) computer software packages were used to analyze the data. The results of logistic regression model for dehulling crops confirmed that respondents with less than or with US$ 22.8 as monthly income (OR=0.250, 95% CI: 0.111-0.564) were significantly 0.3 less likely to dehull crops (p<0.05) than respondents who earned more than US$. 22.8. On the other hand, petty trader participants (OR =3.712, 95% CI: 1.420-9.699) were significantly almost 4 times more with a tendency of dehulling the crops (p<0.05) than farmers. The study team recommends that parents should be trained on appropriate methods of drying, storage, and dehulling their crops after harvesting in order to control fungal and aflatoxin infestation. In addition, research on harvesting time, drying, storage, and dehulling practices of crops in Tanzanian is needed.
Abstract: Parents’ practices that are associated with aflatoxin contamination and control in complementary foods were studied in Central Tanzania. A descriptive cross-sectional survey using interviewer-administered structured pretested questionnaire was conducted among 364 randomly selected parents of children aged between 6-23 months, and the mean age (SD) ...
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Opuntia ficus-indica as a Source of Bioactive and Nutritional Phytochemicals
Imen Belhadj Slimen,
Taha Najar,
Manef Abderrabba
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
162-169
Received:
19 November 2016
Accepted:
30 November 2016
Published:
23 December 2016
Abstract: Cacti are known for their minimum water requirement. They grow extensively in arid lands, where they were traditionally used for both human and animal food. Opuntia ficus-indica, commonly referred to as prickly pear or nopal cactus, was known as a medicinal plant, owing to its rich composition in polyphenols, vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids and amino acids. This makes cactus pear a promising crop for commercial food applications. Recent scientific investigations showed thatcactus products may be efficiently used as a source of foods additives, mainly fibre, colorants and antioxidants. Tablets, cookies and other forms of fibre derived from cactus cladodes are currently marketed in severalAmerican countries. This review details the main functional phytochemicals characterizing different tissues of Opuntia ficus-indica.
Abstract: Cacti are known for their minimum water requirement. They grow extensively in arid lands, where they were traditionally used for both human and animal food. Opuntia ficus-indica, commonly referred to as prickly pear or nopal cactus, was known as a medicinal plant, owing to its rich composition in polyphenols, vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids a...
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Soy Protein Detection in Raw and Cooked Meat Products Using Different ELISA Kits
Cellerino Karina,
Lopez Laura Beatriz
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
170-174
Received:
23 September 2016
Accepted:
15 October 2016
Published:
4 January 2017
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate different ELISA kits for the detection of soy proteins in raw and cooked model systems (MS) added with soy protein concentrate 63% protein (SPC), and in commercial meat products. Nine bovine meat MS with 0-2000 ppm SPC, nine boneless ham cooked MS with 0-2000 ppm SPC and eight commercial meat products were analyzed. Three ELISA kits: Ridascreen® Fast Soya from R-Biopharm, Veratox® Quantitative Soy Allergen Test from Neogen and AgraQuant® Soy Assay from Romer were used. R-Biopharm kit detected above 5 ppm SPC in raw meat MS and above 10 ppm SPC in cooked boneless ham MS. Neogen kit detected above 250 ppm SPC in both MS. Romer kit detected above 100 ppm SPC in raw meat MS and above 50 ppm SPC in cooked boneless ham MS. Results obtained using R-Biopharm and Veratox-Neogen kits were lower than real values. It is difficult to evaluate the correct quantification of Romer kit because the results are calculated as ppb soy trypsin inhibitor (STI). Results obtained for raw MS were higher than those obtained for cooked MS using R-Biopharm and Neogen kits, while results for raw MS were lower than those obtained for cooked MS using Romer kit. For one commercial sample that did not declare soy, results were below the quantification limits for the three kits used. For three commercial samples that did not declare soy, results were 22.3; 67.0 and 67.8 ppm soy protein isolate respectively using Neogen kit. Results for four samples that did not declare soy were 448.0; 581.0 and > 1000 ppb STI in two of them, using Romer kit. Two samples declared soy products, in one of them soy was detected with all kits, and in the other Neogen and Romer kits did not detect soy. In conclusion R-Biopharm kit was the most sensitive for the analysis of these samples. Thermal processing affected results for the kits used. It was possible to detect soy in commercial meat products that did not declare soy products. The food industry should be responsible for the declaration of soy in the labels of their products.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate different ELISA kits for the detection of soy proteins in raw and cooked model systems (MS) added with soy protein concentrate 63% protein (SPC), and in commercial meat products. Nine bovine meat MS with 0-2000 ppm SPC, nine boneless ham cooked MS with 0-2000 ppm SPC and eight commercial meat products were anal...
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Milk Traces Detection in Cookies and Extruded Products Analyzed with Elisa Kits
Binaghi Maria Julieta,
Greco Carola Beatriz,
Martín Maria Eugenia,
Drago Silvina Rosa,
Ronayne de Ferrer Patricia Ana,
López Laura Beatriz
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
175-179
Received:
23 September 2016
Accepted:
7 October 2016
Published:
4 January 2017
Abstract: Detection of milk traces was evaluated in cookies and extruded products model systems (MS) and in commercial products declaring milk presence through either the statement: “Contains…” or precautionary phrases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of two different commercial ELISA kits for this purpose. Six cookies and extruded products model systems and two different batches of eight different types of commercial cookies and two types of extruded products were analyzed. The two different commercial ELISA kits used were R-Biopharm and Veratox-Neogen. In the cookies MS both kits had the same sensitivity while in the extruded products MS, the R- Biopharm kit had higher sensitivity than the Veratox-Neogen one. In the commercial samples only the snack declaring “Contains milk derivatives” showed detectable values of milk proteins. Even though all the remaining products included precautionary phrases on the label, none of them exceeded the quantification limit. The detection and quantification of the allergen will depend on the utilized kit and the treatment to which the ingredients have been submitted. Therefore, the performance of every kit should be studied for every allergen and every particular food matrix. Regarding commercial products, the analysis of more samples coming from different batches would be necessary in order to corroborate these results and verify the correct use of precautionary phrases.
Abstract: Detection of milk traces was evaluated in cookies and extruded products model systems (MS) and in commercial products declaring milk presence through either the statement: “Contains…” or precautionary phrases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of two different commercial ELISA kits for this purpose. Six cookies and extruded produ...
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