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Measurement of Phenotypic Variation for Control and Bacterial Leaf Blight Inoculated Rice Lines and Varieties
M. H. M. Mubassir,
Khondoker M. Nasiruddin,
Nazmul Hoque Shahin,
Shamsun Nahar Begum,
Afia Sultana,
A. Q. M. Bazlur Rashid
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
59-64
Received:
31 October 2016
Accepted:
19 November 2016
Published:
20 December 2016
Abstract: Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is a devastating disease of rice, the staple food crop of Bangladesh. Under field condition the disease significantly damages the phenotypic characteristics of the plants affecting the yield. An assessment of the phenotypic variations due to the disease in 10 rice lines and 17 rice varieties were studied at the maximum tillering stage in both natural and induced epiphytotic conditions. Along with the indigenous cultivars the test materials including the check resistant and susceptible cultivars were collected from IRRI. Significant differences in both plant height and the number of effective tillers were recorded in the check and inoculated lines and varieties. Among the rice lines, RC222 resulted the maximum reduction in plant height (3.18%) in the inoculated plants whereas RC217 yielded the minimum reduction of 1.27%. Among the rice varieties, Binadhan-8 and Binadhan-10 showed the maximum reduction in plant height (11.43% and 18.22% respectively) for the inoculated plants where IRBB21, IRBB65 and Kumragur resulted 0% reduction. The number of effective tiller among the rice lines, RC251 yielded the maximum reduction of 26.19% in the inoculated plants whereas RC192 showed as minimum as 4.16% reduction. For rice varieties, Binadhan-8, Binadhan-10 and BR-11 yielded the maximum reduction of 52.62%, 50.07% and 50.06% while IRBB21, IRBB65 and Kumragur showed 0 % reduction. The findings of such phenotypic variations may contribute significantly to the selection of best lines and further research to develop the disease free commercial varieties of rice against the disease.
Abstract: Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is a devastating disease of rice, the staple food crop of Bangladesh. Under field condition the disease significantly damages the phenotypic characteristics of the plants affecting the yield. An assessment of the phenotypic variations due to the disease in 10 rice lines and 17 rice...
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Phytochemical Screening and Anti-plasmodial Activity of Balsamodendron africanum (A. Rich) (Burseraceae)
Abdurrahman Siraj Abubakar,
Oumar Al-Mubarak Adoum,
Yusuf Hassan,
Bello Ibrahim
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
65-69
Received:
19 September 2016
Accepted:
17 October 2016
Published:
16 January 2017
Abstract: Balsamodendron africanum was popularly known to be present within tropical Africa and some Indian regions. The stem bark extract of the plant was investigated for phytochemical screening and In vitro anti-malarial bioassay using n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and methanol solvent fractions. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, saponins anthraquinones and carbohydrates. The bioassay results showed that, n-hexane fraction have the highest percentage of parasite elimination of 91.8% at 5000µg/ml lower than the standard anti-malarial drug (artemesinin combine treatment) with 92.8% at 5000µg/ml concentrations. Thus, it can be concluded that, further research on the plant may lead to the discovery of new potential anti-malarial drug in near future.
Abstract: Balsamodendron africanum was popularly known to be present within tropical Africa and some Indian regions. The stem bark extract of the plant was investigated for phytochemical screening and In vitro anti-malarial bioassay using n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and methanol solvent fractions. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of f...
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Glutamic Acid Production from Rice Husk Using Corynebacterium glutamicum Isolated from Soil
Musa Bishir,
Ado Saleh Alhaji,
Abdullahi Isa Obansa
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
70-76
Received:
26 September 2016
Accepted:
19 November 2016
Published:
17 January 2017
Abstract: Many different biomass of agricultural origin holds remarkable potential for conversion into valuable products thereby presenting a double sharp edge importance of sustainable resource supply and environmental protection. Glutamic acid was produced from rice husk using a novel strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum and effects of parameters optimization such as substrate concentration, temperature, pH and inoculum size were determined during the fermentation process. The wild-type (Novel) strain was inoculated into 13 g/L of the pre-treated rice husk previously added to basal medium (pH 7.2), after which fermentation began. Fermentation broth from each flask was taken aseptically after 96 h and was assayed qualitatively and quantitatively. The acid-treated and alkali-treated rice husk gave the best glutamic acid yield of 10.40g/L and 9.08g/L respectively with the wild-type strain under predetermined optimum fermentation conditions. Out of the four parameters optimized, only substrate concentration was not found to be significant on the performance of the wild-type strain in glutamate production (p > 0.05). Acid-treated rice husk hydrolysate was found to be a better substrate for L-glutamate production by the wild-type strain of C. glutamicum under the optimum fermentation conditions determined.
Abstract: Many different biomass of agricultural origin holds remarkable potential for conversion into valuable products thereby presenting a double sharp edge importance of sustainable resource supply and environmental protection. Glutamic acid was produced from rice husk using a novel strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum and effects of parameters optimizat...
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Detection of Fungal Metabolites from Bakanae Diseased Plants and Their Relationship with Bakanae Disease Symptoms Expression
S. A. J. Quazi,
M. Sariah,
Zainal Abidin B. M. Ahmad,
J. Hawa
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
77-89
Received:
28 November 2016
Accepted:
23 December 2016
Published:
17 January 2017
Abstract: Amount of fungal metabolites present in diseased plants and their consequences in bakanae disease development were determined. Metabolites fusaric acid (FA), fumonisin (FB1), moniliformin (MON) and beauvericin (BEA) were isolated and quantified using HPLC analysis from rice plants infected with Fusarium proliferatum. Higher amount of moniliformin was detected from stem part (550 ng/g fresh wt.) as well as from whole plants (112.8 ng/g fresh wt.) in susceptible of MR 211 at disease score level 5. But moniliformin was not detected in inoculated resistant variety BR3. The level of FA was progressed from disease score 1 to disease score 5 that made plants to stunting/ceased growth. Among the four fungal metabolites, MON and FA had found positive relationship with bakanae disease symptoms development. This paper will be helpful for understanding the relationship between fungal metabolites in bakanae disease development in susceptible rice plants. Theknowledge of this research will be also implied on other fungal diseases for which fungi are capable to produce metabolites in infected plants.
Abstract: Amount of fungal metabolites present in diseased plants and their consequences in bakanae disease development were determined. Metabolites fusaric acid (FA), fumonisin (FB1), moniliformin (MON) and beauvericin (BEA) were isolated and quantified using HPLC analysis from rice plants infected with Fusarium proliferatum. Higher amount of moniliformin w...
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Utilization of Dairy Effluent for Food Grade Protease Production Using Bacillus sp.
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
90-95
Received:
29 August 2016
Accepted:
30 December 2016
Published:
24 January 2017
Abstract: Food grade proteases are proteyolytic enzymes having application in baking, food processing, protein modification etc. As a commodity product, pressure on protease market is on prize reduction and increasing performance. Hence our objective was to isolate a potent protease-producing microorganism and formulate a cost effective medium for neutral protease synthesis by the potent microbial culture. In order to achieve the objective, a proteolytic bacterium was isolated from soil using milk agar medium and the bacteria was identified as Bacillus sp. by morphological and biochemical characterization. Dairy industry effluent was then studied as a medium for neutral protease synthesis by the potent bacteria. Supplementation of mineral salt to the medium did not show profound influence of environmental factors such as medium pH, incubation temperature, agitation rate and incubation time on enzyme production. Optimum enzyme titers were found at pH7 when incubated at 37°C and 120 rpm 48 h. Dairy industry effluent was thus found to be a cost effective medium for neutral protease synthesis by Bacillus sp.
Abstract: Food grade proteases are proteyolytic enzymes having application in baking, food processing, protein modification etc. As a commodity product, pressure on protease market is on prize reduction and increasing performance. Hence our objective was to isolate a potent protease-producing microorganism and formulate a cost effective medium for neutral pr...
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