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Characterization of Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composite Prepared by Hand Layup Method
Abdullah Al Mahmood,
Abdul Mobin,
Rezwon Morshed,
Tasmia Zaman
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
8-11
Received:
18 December 2016
Accepted:
10 January 2017
Published:
4 February 2017
Abstract: In this work, glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites were fabricated. Epoxy resin was used as polymer matrix material and glass fiber was used as reinforcing material. The main focus of this work was to fabricate this composite material by the cheapest and easiest way. For this, hand layup method was used to fabricate glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites and TiO2 material was used as filler material. Six types of compositions were made with and without filler material keeping the glass fiber constant and changing the epoxy resin with respect to filler material addition. Mechanical properties such as tensile, impact, hardness, compression and flexural properties were investigated. Additionally, microscopic analysis was done. The experimental investigations show that without filler material the composites exhibit overall lower value in mechanical properties than with addition of filler material in the composites. The results also show that addition of filler material increases the mechanical properties but highest values were obtained for different filler material addition. From the obtained results, it was observed that composites filled by 15wt% of TiO2 particulate exhibited maximum tensile strength, 20wt% of TiO2 particulate exhibited maximum impact strength, 25wt% of TiO2 particulate exhibited maximum hardness value, 25wt% of TiO2 particulate exhibited maximum compressive strength, 20wt% of TiO2 particulate exhibited maximum flexural strength.
Abstract: In this work, glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites were fabricated. Epoxy resin was used as polymer matrix material and glass fiber was used as reinforcing material. The main focus of this work was to fabricate this composite material by the cheapest and easiest way. For this, hand layup method was used to fabricate glass fiber reinforced epoxy ...
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Effect of Fermentation (Natural and Starter) on the Physicochemical, Anti-nutritional and Proximate Composition of Pearl Millet Used for Flour Production
Onuoha Elizabeth Chinenye,
Orukotan Abimbola Ayodeji,
Ameh Joseph Baba
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
12-16
Received:
31 October 2016
Accepted:
16 January 2017
Published:
10 February 2017
Abstract: Fermentation of foods has been practiced for improving the flavor, texture and palatability of foods. Fermentation also leads to an increase in protein content, enhancement of carbohydrate accessibility, decrease of antinutritional factors like tannin and phytic acid. This study was carried out to determine the effect of fermentation on the physicochemical, antinutrients and nutritional composition with the aim of producing flour from Pearl millet (Sosart 1). Sterile millet grains were inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum using a 0.5 McFarland standard while a different batch of millet grains were steeped in water without an inoculum; they were allowed to ferment for 4 days. The pH values of the fermenting samples were analyzed daily. Results obtained showed that the pH values for starter and natural fermentation were between 3.64-3.48 and 4.94-4.55 respectively. These were accompanied with a gradual increase in total titratable acidity with values of 0.090- 0.819 and 0.317- 0.756 for both starter and natural fermentation respectively. Evaluation of grain anti-nutritional composition showed that the phytate and tannin were significantly decreased by fermentation. The nutritional compositions of the grains were also improved by fermentation resulting in protein and moisture content increase. Fermentation has proved to have a potential to improve protein and decrease antinutrient contents of pearl millet for production of flour. This can be incorporated in the formulation of weaning foods and production of confectioneries for both children and adults.
Abstract: Fermentation of foods has been practiced for improving the flavor, texture and palatability of foods. Fermentation also leads to an increase in protein content, enhancement of carbohydrate accessibility, decrease of antinutritional factors like tannin and phytic acid. This study was carried out to determine the effect of fermentation on the physico...
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Biotechnology as an Important Tool for Improving Fish Productivity
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
17-22
Received:
23 November 2016
Accepted:
16 January 2017
Published:
16 February 2017
Abstract: Due to the increase in growth rate of the world population, the demand for fish is soaring worldwide and it appears unlikely that the increasing demand can be met through increased natural harvests as many of the oceans and natural freshwater fisheries are being harvested to their limit. Aquaculture, therefore, remains the last hope for providing enough fish for the world, but with limited land and water space. Aquaculture biotechnology, therefore, has come to have a key role to play as it can make a great contribution to improving aquaculture yields. The application of biotechnology to various production systems does not come without its negative impacts but even still, the merits far outweigh the associated concerns because the techniques are constantly being developed thereby reducing the negative impacts thereof. Therefore, there is need to adopt biotechnological practices if the world is to stand any chance of achieving food security.
Abstract: Due to the increase in growth rate of the world population, the demand for fish is soaring worldwide and it appears unlikely that the increasing demand can be met through increased natural harvests as many of the oceans and natural freshwater fisheries are being harvested to their limit. Aquaculture, therefore, remains the last hope for providing e...
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Impact of Climatic Change on Avian Populations: Implication for Long Term Conservation in Wildlife Genetic Resources
Weldemariam Tesfahunegny,
Getachew Mulualem
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
23-33
Received:
19 September 2016
Accepted:
4 January 2017
Published:
21 February 2017
Abstract: Climate change is a multidimensional challenged on bird population indirectly. Wildlife species are not equally at risk when facing climate change. Several species-specific attributes have been identified as increasing species vulnerability to climate change, including diets, migratory strategy, main habitat types and ecological specialization. Conservationists mostly used small number of species as surrogates to help them tackle conservation problems. Having served as reliable indicators of environmental change for centuries, bird populations now indicate that global warming have set in motion as a powerful chain of effects in ecosystems worldwide. The effect of climate change on the variation of species distribution is a matter of conservation emphasis globally. Successful management and conservation of species and their respective habitat dilemma under climate change rely on our ability to model species-habitat interaction and predict species distribution under changing environmental condition. We realize birds every day and they contribute much to our personal lives through attracting public attention. Beyond their aesthetic, cultural and ecological values, activities associated with birds. Everywhere birds are an integral part of our natural ecosystems. Birds pollinate plants and disperse their seeds, thereby facilitating genetic exchange and seed germination. They can serve as sensitive ecological indicators of threats to environmental health. Habitat loss, highway expansion, environmental unfriendly infrastructures, pollution and climate change have already led bird species becoming listed as threatened or endangered under the endangered species act. Climate change will almost certainly cause more species to be added to these lists, as well as exacerbate the challenges rare, threatened and endangered species already face. Moreover, large contractions in the range of many currently common and widespread species are expected.
Abstract: Climate change is a multidimensional challenged on bird population indirectly. Wildlife species are not equally at risk when facing climate change. Several species-specific attributes have been identified as increasing species vulnerability to climate change, including diets, migratory strategy, main habitat types and ecological specialization. Con...
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Assessment on the Perception of Invasive Alien Spices (IAS) of Farmers and Stake Holders on the Agricultural Sector in Eastern Ethiopia
Yeneayehu Fenetahun Mihertu
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
34-40
Received:
6 January 2017
Accepted:
18 January 2017
Published:
22 February 2017
Abstract: Invasive species can be seen as species that are introduced in a new region, and that spreads rapidly. Invasive alien species (IAS) are characterized by rapid growth rates, extensive dispersal capabilities, large and rapid reproductive output and broad environmental tolerance. this assessment paper discuss on the general perception of IAS from three basic target groups (local farmers, both zonal, regional and woreda agricultural, environmental and forest experts). The assessment was based on three basic concepts that is (1). to understand the attitudes of the target group (evolution of the level of knowledge, awareness and need for information monitoring with related to invasive alien spices); (2). identifying the communication tools most frequently used; and (3). identify which best practices were implemented in order to control IAS with in the residence area. From the assessment data we can understand all target group were concerning on the issue of IAS even they have different level of knowledge and control mechanism and finally the target groups forwarded the following basic recommendation like further support and cooperation with regard to its fast and aggressive expansion of IAS and I also support and elaborate their recommendation.
Abstract: Invasive species can be seen as species that are introduced in a new region, and that spreads rapidly. Invasive alien species (IAS) are characterized by rapid growth rates, extensive dispersal capabilities, large and rapid reproductive output and broad environmental tolerance. this assessment paper discuss on the general perception of IAS from thre...
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Management of Bacterial Spot of Pepper Caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria
Eman O. Hassan,
Marwa A. Zyton
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
41-49
Received:
18 December 2016
Accepted:
7 February 2017
Published:
23 February 2017
Abstract: Isolation trials from pepper leaves showing bacterial spot collected from Giza, Kalubia and Behera governorates yielded 13,12,9,6 isolates of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas spp., Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria and P. fluorescens, respectively. The isolated strains of X.c. pv. vesicatoria were yellow Gram negative of short rods and produced Xanthomonadins and the other identification criteria proved that these isolates are X.c. pv. vesicatoria. Pathogenicity test of these isolates on Balady pepper cv. indicated that all of them were pathogenic and isolate No.3 of Kalubia governorate resulted in the highest infection. P. putida was most efficient bioagent in inhibiting of the pathogenic bacterium followed by P. fluorescens, while B. subtilis was the lowest efficient one. The fungicide Efdal Bakirox was the most efficient one in inhibiting growth of the causal bacterium on the medium more than the fungicides Roxil and Tango. The fungicide Tango and Roxil failed to cause any inhibition to the causal bacterium at 100 ppm. Field experiments during 2014 and 2015 growing seasons revealed that spraying pepper plants with the tested bioagents and the fungicides four times resulted in significant reduction to the severity of the natural infection by the causal bacteriaum with significant increase to the produced fruit pods compared with the control. The tested fungicides were more efficient in this regard than the bioagents. Roxil was the most efficient treatment in reducing the severity of the disease and increasing the produced pod yield. Meanwhile, the bioagent B. subtilis was the lowest efficient treatment and the other treatments recorded intermediate figures. Total phenols and vitamin-c content as well as the activity of chitinase, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase in pepper leaves infected by X.c. pv. vesicatoria were greatly lowered in the infected leaves compared with the uninfected leaves and the tested bioagents and fungicides resulted in considerable increase to these chemicals compared with the infected leaves.
Abstract: Isolation trials from pepper leaves showing bacterial spot collected from Giza, Kalubia and Behera governorates yielded 13,12,9,6 isolates of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas spp., Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria and P. fluorescens, respectively. The isolated strains of X.c. pv. vesicatoria were yellow Gram negative of short rods and produced...
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Enhancement Effect of Gibberellic Acid and Kinetin on Sucrose Metabolism in Mungbean Seedlings Under Arsenate Toxicity
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2017
Pages:
50-55
Received:
28 January 2017
Accepted:
13 February 2017
Published:
25 February 2017
Abstract: Arsenic pollution is at present an emerging global crisis. Arsenic is a naturally occurring metalloid found in water, soil and air from natural and anthropogenic sources. Currently, Arsenic pollution has gained a burning global importance due to its toxic effects. Growth of major pulse crop Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.)Wilczek) was affected right from seedling stage when treated with Sodium arsenate (Na2HAsO4.7H2O). With the increase in concentration of Sodium arsenate (5μM, 10μM and 20μM) significant decrease in seedling length, water content and primary leaf area was observed. The vital pigments like chlorophyll, caroteniod content as well as Hill activity reduced appreciably in sodium arsenate treated seedlings which indicates poor photosynthetic metabolism. Arsenate exposure also altered metabolism of main photosynthate, sucrose. Arsenate toxicity led to decrease in reducing and non reducing sugar content in the mungbean seedlings whereas starch content was elevated. Pretreatment of mungbean seeds with Phytohormone-GA3 and Kinetin could ameliorate Arsenate induced toxicity to different extent in terms of growth and sucrose metabolism. Thus, the use of GA3 and Kinetin may help to resist the arsenic toxicity in seedling stage, to some extent, in arsenic contaminated areas.
Abstract: Arsenic pollution is at present an emerging global crisis. Arsenic is a naturally occurring metalloid found in water, soil and air from natural and anthropogenic sources. Currently, Arsenic pollution has gained a burning global importance due to its toxic effects. Growth of major pulse crop Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.)Wilczek) was affected right fr...
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