Analysis of Causes of Disease in Sundarbans Natural Mangrove
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2014
Pages:
18-32
Received:
3 July 2014
Accepted:
17 July 2014
Published:
30 July 2014
Abstract: A serious disease (top dying) of H. fomes in Sundarbans is affecting millions of the trees. An inventory by Chaffey et al., (1985) revealed that there were about 45.2 million top dying trees in the Sundarbans of which 20 million had more than 50% of their crown affected by top dying. The loss of H. fomes will have a major impact on the Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem, as well as lead to economic losses. Despite various hypotheses as to the causes of this top-dying, the underlying causes are still not well understood. The present work has explored some of the possible factors involved, focussing particularly on the relationship between the amount of top-dying in different places and the concentrations of a number of chemical elements present in the soil and water, in order to test the hypothesis that chemical pollution might be responsible. Other factors such as the pH, salinity and nutrient status were also assessed. Nine plots were selected for sampling of soil, water, and vegetation in order to categorise different areas in terms of their intensity of top-dying. 63 soil samples and 9 water samples were tested, mainly by ICPMS, to investigate certain parameters of the soil and water, such as Sn, Exchangeable K, Soil pH, Pb, Zn, Ni, soil pH, CEC, soil nutrients, soil moisture content, and elemental concentrations of 32 other elements. Most of the elements studied had no significant correlation with the top dying of Heritiera fomes. However, Sn, Exchangeable K, and soil pH were significantly related, and three elements, namely Pb, Zn, Sr, were also close to significance. Of the hypotheses previously put forward to explain top-dying, the present results do not support enhanced salinity as the cause. It is likely that several of the above-mentioned environmental factors interact with each other to induce top dying in Sundri. But, the present results have showed that Sn, Exchangeable K, Pb , Sr and Zn could be directly linked with top-dying of Heritiera fomes (Sundri) in Sundarbans ( Awal, 2007; 2009; 2014), particularly by weakening the vigour of the trees and allowing other factors such as pathological agents to attack the plants.
Abstract: A serious disease (top dying) of H. fomes in Sundarbans is affecting millions of the trees. An inventory by Chaffey et al., (1985) revealed that there were about 45.2 million top dying trees in the Sundarbans of which 20 million had more than 50% of their crown affected by top dying. The loss of H. fomes will have a major impact on the Sundarbans m...
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Multiple Polymerase Chain Reaction for Microsporidium spp, Cryptosporidium spp, Isospora Belli and Cyclospora Cayetanensis Parasites
Enedina Jiménez-Cardoso,
Apolinar Cano-Estrada,
Adrian-Cortes Campos,
Leticia Eligio-García
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2014
Pages:
33-36
Received:
13 March 2014
Accepted:
17 July 2014
Published:
30 July 2014
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to establish the optimal conditions to performance a multiple Polymerase Chain Reaction (multiplex) to detect the presence of emerging parasites Cryptosporidium spp., Mycrosporidium spp., Isospora belli, and Cyclospora spp. simultaneously, by targeting the 16S ribosomal gene in patients immunocompromised. After an exhaustive genetic analysis to obtain different primers sequences we tested the conditions of reagents concentration, time and temperature of reaction. The results showed the optimal conditions to make an efficient, specific, and reliable diagnostic method, performed in a simultaneous molecular reaction, to identify the presence of emerging parasites in faeces of patients susceptible to different infectious due to an immunocompromised status caused by diseases and chemotherapy to treat them. This method will help to decrease risk of complications and negative effects on life quality of ill patients.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to establish the optimal conditions to performance a multiple Polymerase Chain Reaction (multiplex) to detect the presence of emerging parasites Cryptosporidium spp., Mycrosporidium spp., Isospora belli, and Cyclospora spp. simultaneously, by targeting the 16S ribosomal gene in patients immunocompromised. After an exha...
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