Evaluation of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties to Blended NPSB Fertilizers to Quality Traits and Economic Feasibility at Degam, Central Highlands of Oromia Region
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2022
Pages:
109-113
Received:
8 February 2022
Accepted:
14 July 2022
Published:
8 December 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.bio.20221006.11
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Abstract: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important food and export crop in central highlands of Oromia region. The limiting macro and micronutrients were identified for the production of crops in Boneya districts, but the rates of these nutrients for high potato yield are not yet determined. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the effect of blended NPSB fertilizer rates on tuber quality related traits and to estimate economically feasible blended NPSB fertilizer rate for potato production at Boneya Kebele, central highlands of Oromia region. The experiment was conducted as factorial combination of seven levels of blended NPSB fertilizer (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 kg ha-1) and three potato varieties (Belete, Gudane, and Jalane) in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The results revealed that, neither the two main factors (variety and blended NPSB fertilizer) nor their interaction influenced tuber quality related traits. The net benefit obtained from Gudane and Belete varieties was determined by about 72.06 (R2=0.07206) and 81.92% (R2=0.08192), respectively, with the application of NPSB fertilizer and the relationship was linear and significant. The highest MRR (marginal rate of return) of 1802.35% was also obtained from Gudane variety with the application of 50 kg ha-1 NPS fertilizer, however, the highest net benefit of 166175.5 followed by 158899 Birr ha-1 was obtained from Gudane and Belete varieties, respectively, with the application of highest NPSB fertilizer rate of 300 kg ha-1. The combinations of Gudane and Belete varieties with the highest rate of fertilizer also had acceptable MRR of 1434.17 and 760.27%, respectively. Therefore, growing of the two varieties at highest rates of NPSB fertilizer could be recommend for producers because of the high economic returns.
Abstract: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important food and export crop in central highlands of Oromia region. The limiting macro and micronutrients were identified for the production of crops in Boneya districts, but the rates of these nutrients for high potato yield are not yet determined. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the effect...
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Longitudinal Analysis of CD4 Cell Counts Data on HIV Patients Initiated on Anti-retroviral Therapy: Case of Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2022
Pages:
114-121
Received:
27 May 2021
Accepted:
11 September 2021
Published:
31 January 2023
Abstract: Human immune virus (HIV) attacks an immune cell called cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) cells which are responsible for the body’s immune response to infectious agents. Even if, HIV is treated through ART, the occurrence of event is still continued. The objective of this study was identifying risk factors of the change in CD4 cell counts on HIV positive patients initiated on Anti-Retroval Therapy (ART). The study population of this study were consists of 632 HIV+ patients who were under ART follow up from September 2016 - August 2019 in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Retrospective Longitudinal study was used with minimum three and maximum six times follow up time per individual. The CD4 cell count data were explored using basic descriptive statistics and also a profile of the mean CD4 cell count over the period of the study. Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) and Generalized Estimation Equation (GEE) models were used to modeling the change in CD4 cell counts over the time. The mean of CD4 cell count revealed that there is an improvement with duration of treatment in linear trend. From the Generalized Linear Mixed Model covariates time, sex, age, weight, hemoglobin level, functional status, regimen class, WHO stage, TB status, time by WHO stage and time by weight significantly determined a change in the CD4 cell count over time. Generalized Linear Mixed Model was the better fitted model compared to GEE as proven by the minimum standard error. Moreover, CD4 count increases in a linear trend over time after patients initiated to the ART program i.e. the immune system increases whereas the progression of the disease turn down due to the therapy. Therefore, patients should start ART treatment early to increase their CD4 cell count.
Abstract: Human immune virus (HIV) attacks an immune cell called cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) cells which are responsible for the body’s immune response to infectious agents. Even if, HIV is treated through ART, the occurrence of event is still continued. The objective of this study was identifying risk factors of the change in CD4 cell counts on HIV p...
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