Communication
Beyond the Intrinsic Cardiac Conduction System: A Hypothetical Framework for Cardiocutaneous Electrical Pathways (CEP) Linking Heart to Skin in ECG Generation
Oluwadare Ogunlade*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, August 2025
Pages:
60-65
Received:
14 June 2025
Accepted:
30 June 2025
Published:
23 July 2025
Abstract: The existing paradigm of cardiac electrophysiology primarily focuses on the intracardiac conduction system and volume conduction through interstitial fluid to explain the electrocardiogram (ECG). However, this model faces limitations in fully elucidating the precise capture of phasic electrical signals at the cutaneous surface. This short communication introduces a novel anatomical and physiological framework postulating the existence of Cardiocutaneous Electrical Pathways (CEP) - a specialized, direct extracardiac electrical system connecting the heart to the skin. This framework proposes that CEP extends along the body's vascular channels, which establish the essential physiological link between the heart and the skin through cutaneous circulation. These pathways are hypothesized to extend beyond the immediate circulation to the skin surface, thus generating a comprehensive cardiac electrical field across the entire integument. Consequently, the electrocardiogram is presented as a direct bioelectrical manifestation resulting from the activity at the terminal ends of these CEP. Correlational evidence, such as the observed disappearance of ECG signals from a body region following localized blood supply severance, supports the intrinsic association of these pathways with vascular networks. The CEP framework suggests that this microscopic extracardiac electrical system functions as a direct extension of the intracardiac electrical system. This novel hypothesis challenges conventional understandings of cardiac bioelectricity, opening new avenues for research into the anatomical basis of cardiac electrical propagation and its systemic manifestations. Further exploration of CEP could revolutionize electrodiagnostic methods and offer new targets for understanding cardiovascular physiology and disease.
Abstract: The existing paradigm of cardiac electrophysiology primarily focuses on the intracardiac conduction system and volume conduction through interstitial fluid to explain the electrocardiogram (ECG). However, this model faces limitations in fully elucidating the precise capture of phasic electrical signals at the cutaneous surface. This short communica...
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Research Article
Preparation and Performance Evaluation of Antibacterial Coatings on Medical-Grade Polymer Surfaces
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, August 2025
Pages:
66-72
Received:
25 June 2025
Accepted:
21 July 2025
Published:
8 August 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.sd.20251304.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The application of antibacterial coating technology is directly related to solving the problem of biological pollution and infection of medical devices, but the limitations of traditional modification methods are not enough to solve this problem. Therefore, the new antibacterial coating strategy pays more attention to the combined suppression of bacteria through multi-level mixing of materials and process improvement. Function. For example, the composite coating composed of chitosan derivatives and multi-metal oxides has the effect of temperature sensitivity and self-repair, which can ensure its ability to maintain antibacterial activity in various environments; the micro-absorption coating generated by two-step immersion of egg white protein and tannic acid can effectively reduce the adhesion and load-bearing of microorganisms. The continuous sterilization effect of nanosilver; the step-by-step precipitation method can form a continuous and tight chitosan coating on complex surfaces, providing physical barriers and biological activation; the superhydrophobic coating improves the anti-fouling performance through the nanometer-scale porous structure; the coating with high transmittance achieves the flatness between optical properties and antibacterial properties. Weigh. The future development direction focuses on the design of intelligent reaction, the application of environmental protection materials and the overcoming of the process standardization problem of clinical transformation, so that coating technology will develop in the direction of high efficiency, safety and multi-functional integration.
Abstract: The application of antibacterial coating technology is directly related to solving the problem of biological pollution and infection of medical devices, but the limitations of traditional modification methods are not enough to solve this problem. Therefore, the new antibacterial coating strategy pays more attention to the combined suppression of ba...
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