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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High-silicon K52 Pipeline Steel in Cold Area
An Chenggang,
Niu Tao,
Wu Xinlang,
Dai Xiaoli,
Yu Cheng,
Zhang Caixia
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2017
Pages:
164-168
Received:
10 May 2017
Published:
11 May 2017
Abstract: In this paper, high-silicon K52 and API X52 were studied comparatively, which were with similar yield strength. The results showed that K52 with high-silicon and low-manganese asked for higher tensile strength, lower yield ratio and higher impact energy than API X52. K52 was successfully producted with more content of Nb, V, Ti and so on, which is with high tensile strength, low yield ratio and high impact energy. The oxide scale of K52 was more thichness because of the high-silic. The thickness of oxide scale could be reduced by the lower tapping temperature during hot rolling. The inclusion of silicon oxide was bad fot the toughness of welding line, which was forming during the welding process.The squeeze amount should be increased to improve the impact energy of welds.
Abstract: In this paper, high-silicon K52 and API X52 were studied comparatively, which were with similar yield strength. The results showed that K52 with high-silicon and low-manganese asked for higher tensile strength, lower yield ratio and higher impact energy than API X52. K52 was successfully producted with more content of Nb, V, Ti and so on, which is ...
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Study on Preparation and Corrosion Resistance of Graphene-Ni35Co30Cu20Fe15 High Entropy Alloy Composites
Lingyu Xu,
Hongnian Cai,
Xingwang Cheng,
Pei Wang,
Meng Wang
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2017
Pages:
169-173
Received:
10 May 2017
Published:
11 May 2017
Abstract: The graphene/Ni35Co30Cu20Fe15 high entropy alloy composites were successfully prepared by ball milling and spark plasma sintering (SPS) methods. The microstructures and structures of graphene and composites were measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The hardness and corrosion resistance of the composites were tested by Vivtorinox hardness tester and chemical workstation. The results showed that the homogeneous distribution of graphene in the composites can be achieved by ball milling, and the original structure of graphene was not destroyed. The addition of graphene improved the hardness and corrosion resistance of high entropy alloy composites. Compared with the Ni35Co30Cu20Fe15 high entropy alloy, the hardness of the high entropy alloy with 0.3 wt.% Graphene increased from 255HV to 310HV. The addition of graphene increased the corrosion potential of the composite in 3.5% NaCl solution from -0.5V to -0.2V and the corrosion current density from 2×10-5A/cm2 reduced to 8×10-6A/cm2, which greatly improved the corrosion resistance of the material.
Abstract: The graphene/Ni35Co30Cu20Fe15 high entropy alloy composites were successfully prepared by ball milling and spark plasma sintering (SPS) methods. The microstructures and structures of graphene and composites were measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. Th...
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Feasibility Study on Applications of Fermented Tea Extracts for Bioenergy and Biorefinery
An-Wei Hsu,
Chung-Chuan Hsueh,
Bor-Yann Chen
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2017
Pages:
174-178
Received:
10 May 2017
Published:
11 May 2017
Abstract: As known, tea contained abundant antioxidant compositions significant to human health due to major components of polyphenols and Flavonoids. Prior studies indicated that -OH substituent-rich aromatic compounds could might have electron shuttling capabilities for bioenergy recycling. Thus, it was suspected that antioxidant compositions would be crucial to bioelectrochemical characteristics to be expressed. Prior studies also revealed that decolorized intermediates evidently could enhance redox-mediating capabilities. Thus, it was suggested that such capabilities should be strongly associated to antioxidant and electron-transfer characteristics. For sustainable development, using naturally-present/generated and environmentally compatible plants as precursor(s) for further applications of recycling and reuses is more ecologically appropriate. Thus, this feasibility study tended to use myriads of fermented tea extracts for comparative study of bio-electrochemistry. Meanwhile, exploration of contents of antioxidants could provide further perspectives for applications in biofuel cells and functional foods. The findings also suggested that highly fermented tea extract would exhibit less electron-shuttling capabilities due to less content of polyphenolics remained in tea residues. In fact, this result was in parallel with the capabilities of antioxidants as revealed in literature. This findings could be used for diverse applications in bioenergy and biorefinery.
Abstract: As known, tea contained abundant antioxidant compositions significant to human health due to major components of polyphenols and Flavonoids. Prior studies indicated that -OH substituent-rich aromatic compounds could might have electron shuttling capabilities for bioenergy recycling. Thus, it was suspected that antioxidant compositions would be cruc...
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Feasibility Assessment Upon Applications of Bioenergy-steered Biorefinery with Supplementation of Extracts of Chinese Medicinal Herbs
Jia-hui Liao,
Chung-Chuan Hsueh,
Bor-Yann Chen
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2017
Pages:
179-185
Received:
10 May 2017
Published:
11 May 2017
Abstract: For thousands of years, toxicity risk assessment on Chinese medicinal herbs showed that they are "generally regarded as safe" at appropriate dosages. Literature revealed that medical mechanism for human health could be associated with abundant compositions of antioxidants (e.g., polyphenolics and flavonoids). As a matter of fact, some studies disclosed such bioelectrochemical characteristics also strongly depended upon contents of antioxidants. That is, Chinese medicinal herbs contained significant amounts of electron transfer (ET)-associated antioxidants for myriads of uses. As prior studies revealed, decolorized intermediates owned promising ET capabilities; however, such intermediates were originally obtained from artificially synthesized chemicals and could not be considered as environmentally friendly. Thus, using edible medicinal herbs for bioenergy and/or biorefinery applications would be inevitable. This first-attempt study explored technical feasibility using microbial fuel cell-aided wastewater treatment (e.g., the association of antioxidants and dye decolorization and power generation) as evaluation platform. The findings indicated that some Chinese medicinal herbs apparently showed electrochemical capabilities not only antioxdidant activities, but also ET characteristics for sustainable development. In addition, ET capabilities were strongly affected by pH, temperature, dosage and method of extraction. Moreover, extracts of medicinal herbs owned moderate ET capabilities relatively less than tea extracts for bioenergy applications not only in bioremediation, but also functional foods.
Abstract: For thousands of years, toxicity risk assessment on Chinese medicinal herbs showed that they are "generally regarded as safe" at appropriate dosages. Literature revealed that medical mechanism for human health could be associated with abundant compositions of antioxidants (e.g., polyphenolics and flavonoids). As a matter of fact, some studies discl...
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Comparative Study of Conventional and Organic Rice Cultivation System in Northeast China Based on LCA
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2017
Pages:
186-191
Received:
10 May 2017
Published:
11 May 2017
Abstract: With the method of life cycle assessment, the paper takes Bayan County, Heilongjiang Province as the case to analyze the resources’ consumption and pollutant releasing of conventional and organic rice cultivation system in northeast China. On the basis of that, the comparative environmental assessment was accomplished. The results showed that the significant environmental impact factors are global warming potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential and fresh water eco-toxicity potential. The environmental impact index of conventional rice is 5.24 in comparison with 4.15 for organic rice. If conventional rice were widely replaced by organic rice, acidification, eutrophication, human toxicity and fresh water eco-toxicity potential would be reduced by 47%, 32%, 85% and 67%. However, global warming and fossil energy consumption potential would increase 65% and 14%. In terms of environmental impact, organic rice is not totally superior to conventional rice. In the system of conventional rice cultivation, the agricultural materials period contributes most to environmental impact, occupying more than 60% in eutrophication, fresh water eco-toxicity, terra firma eco-toxicity, human toxicity, acidification and fossil energy consumption potential. In the system of organic rice cultivation, growing period contributes most to environmental impact, taking the place of the agricultural materials period. Thus, actualizing energy-saving and cleaner production in the fertilizer industry, promoting fair irrigation projects and optimizing fertilizer application are the key points to control the potential environmental impacts.
Abstract: With the method of life cycle assessment, the paper takes Bayan County, Heilongjiang Province as the case to analyze the resources’ consumption and pollutant releasing of conventional and organic rice cultivation system in northeast China. On the basis of that, the comparative environmental assessment was accomplished. The results showed that the s...
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Research Progress on Degradation of PPCPs by Micro-Algae
Peng Xie,
Chuan Chen,
Shih-Hsin Ho,
Jing Peng,
Nanqi Ren
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2017
Pages:
192-198
Received:
10 May 2017
Published:
11 May 2017
Abstract: Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) is currently one of the most concerned new pollutions. PPCPs is a very large system, including antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, lipid lowering drugs, musk and hormones, etc. Up to now, more than 3000 kinds of drugs have been developed, and the annual output of raw materials reaches 2 × 106 tons; similarly, known PPCPs also reached thousands of species, and raw materials annual output reaches 1 × 106 tons annually. In this paper the source and emission of PPCPs in municipal wastewater are summarized as well as an overview of traditional reduction theory, technology and advanced treatment process of PPCPs, Furthermore, the paper highlights the research results and progress of new technology for PPCPs removal by algae and aquatic algae, which provides a new idea for the removal of PPCPs. Finally, the paper proposes an ongoing research of algae-based PPCPs removal process in the future.
Abstract: Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) is currently one of the most concerned new pollutions. PPCPs is a very large system, including antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, lipid lowering drugs, musk and hormones, etc. Up to now, more than 3000 kinds of drugs have been developed, and the annual output of raw materials reaches 2 × 106 ton...
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Microbial Fuel Cell Wastewater Treatment of Copper-Based Heavy Metal Sensor
Wang Ling,
Wu Yining,
Gao Ya
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2017
Pages:
199-204
Received:
10 May 2017
Published:
11 May 2017
Abstract: The research is based on the single-chamber microbial fuel cell, with the presence of oxygen, we vary the concentration gradient of copper ions, and observe the changes of the electrochemical parameters to explore the practical application of microbial fuel cells as heavy metal sensors. It was found that: the single-chamber microbial fuel cell, the outer barrier of 30min real-time voltage 1000Ω, 100Mmpbs, under 1000mg / LCOD, case, data acquisition card collection, with the change of the concentration gradient, linear development, polarization curves the measured voltage and power density, showing trends X² by multimeter collected anode and cathode potentials, also showed a trend X², in order at the same time, through the environment, COD, PH, and other factors, be optimization process, resulting in more accurate variation for the practical application of microbial fuel cells, providing new ideas.
Abstract: The research is based on the single-chamber microbial fuel cell, with the presence of oxygen, we vary the concentration gradient of copper ions, and observe the changes of the electrochemical parameters to explore the practical application of microbial fuel cells as heavy metal sensors. It was found that: the single-chamber microbial fuel cell, the...
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Study of the Runoff Depth and Its Processes of Eucalyptus Plantations Natural Watersheds
Liang Hong-wen,
Ma Qing,
Li Xiaoqiong,
Guo Jin-chuan,
Yang Jian-ji
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2017
Pages:
205-209
Received:
10 May 2017
Published:
11 May 2017
Abstract: The runoff and runoff process of Eucalyptus plantations natural watersheds were studied to provide guidance for scientific evaluation of water conservation capacities of Eucalyptus plantations, compared with the Pinus massoniana forest natural watersheds. The runoff volume of Eucalyptus plantations and P. massoniana forest natural watersheds were continuously monitored using the small watershed runoff monitoring method and the automatic data collection devices from August, 2013 to December, 2015, and effects of heavy rainfall and continuous rainfall on the runoff process were studied. Results show that the annual runoff coefficient of Eucalyptus plantations natural watershed were 0.046, and 55.8% lower than P. massoniana forest (0.104), with the difference being significant (P<0.01). The runoff duration, time lags, maximum runoff of rainfall, and runoff depth amounts caused by a heavy rainfall process (amounting to 65.5 mm) between the two kinds of forest watershed were significant different, those of Eucalyptus plantations were 8.5 h, 25 min and 2.69 mm, respectively, while those of P. massoniana forest were 18.4 h, 55 min and 5.52 mm, respectively. Eucalyptus plantations natural watershed produced only 4-days runoff, and runoff depth amounted to 3.8 mm with a 7 days continuous precipitation process of rainfall with 125.0 mm, while P. massoniana forest produced continuously 13-days runoff, and the runoff depth was 10.1 mm. In conclusion, water conservation capacity of Eucalyptus plantations is obviously lower than P. massoniana forest.
Abstract: The runoff and runoff process of Eucalyptus plantations natural watersheds were studied to provide guidance for scientific evaluation of water conservation capacities of Eucalyptus plantations, compared with the Pinus massoniana forest natural watersheds. The runoff volume of Eucalyptus plantations and P. massoniana forest natural watersheds were c...
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Research on Operation Efficiency of A20-MBR-Worm Bed Coupling Process
Li Anran,
Huang Danping,
Li Lipin,
Zhang Jun,
Tian Yu,
Sun Zhimin
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2017
Pages:
210-216
Received:
10 May 2017
Published:
11 May 2017
Abstract: The combination of worm bed and sewage treatment system shows a great performance in sludge reduction, and the return of sludge with worm’s predation will also have effects on the sewage treatment system. The system of A2O-MBR, A2O-MBR-blank worm bed and A2O-MBR-worm bed were constructed. After long-term operation, the sludge reduction of A2O-MBR-worm bed coupling system could reach 48.4%. By optimizing the A2O-MBR-worm bed coupling system, the effluent quality of the wastewater treatment system finally can be improved. In addition, the return of sludge with worm’s predation also changed the character of the aerobic tank sludge. Compared with A2O-MBR system and A2O-MBR-blank worm bed, the MLVSS/MLSS of A2O-MBR-worm-bed coupled system was decreased, activated sludge settling characters got weaker and sludge dewatering performance was improved. From the results of TMP and membrane fouling resistance analysis, it was found that the return of sludge with worm’s predation could effectively relieve the process of membrane fouling.
Abstract: The combination of worm bed and sewage treatment system shows a great performance in sludge reduction, and the return of sludge with worm’s predation will also have effects on the sewage treatment system. The system of A2O-MBR, A2O-MBR-blank worm bed and A2O-MBR-worm bed were constructed. After long-term operation, the sludge reduction of A2O-MBR-w...
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A Research on the Effect of Worm Predation on Phosphorus Release from Actived Sludge
Huang Danping,
Li Anran,
Li Lipin,
Zhang Jun,
Zuo Wei,
Tian Yu,
Liu Yingshi
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2017
Pages:
217-222
Received:
10 May 2017
Published:
11 May 2017
Abstract: The sludge reduction in the process of using worms, worms would destroy the sludge extracellular polymer institutions and bacteria, the soluble organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and other substances released into the water phase from sludge. By worms on sequencing batch experiments, this study is designed to investigate the sludge of phosphorus migration transformation process, reveals the effect of predation on the effect of phosphorus release in the sludge with worms. The research results that the sludge contains large amounts of phosphorus particles at the beginning, and after 24 hours, the phosphorus particles decomposed to the supernatant. At First, the upper supernatant phosphorus concentration reduced from 17.68 mg/L to 0.53 mg/L, with the nitrate nitrogen concentration reduced significantly, speculated that the denitrifying phosphorus absorption occured in the worms bed at the beginning, as worms prey on phosphorus content in the supernatant and then gradually increased to 42.19 mg/L; the phosphorus concentration of cell declined from 28.02 mg/gMLSS to 16.15 mg/gMLSS, which is 14.36% higher than the phosphorus concentration of the blank bed; the metal ions (K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) concentration in the worms bed is a total of 66.89 mg/L, about 48% higher than blank bed, speculated that the worm predation promoted the extracellular polymer metal ion release, thus promote the phosphorus release. With comprehensive analysis of the worms bed, resulted that the worms feeding effect significantly promoted the release of phosphorus in sewage sludge.
Abstract: The sludge reduction in the process of using worms, worms would destroy the sludge extracellular polymer institutions and bacteria, the soluble organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and other substances released into the water phase from sludge. By worms on sequencing batch experiments, this study is designed to investigate the sludge of phosphorus ...
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Research of Sands Clogging by Microbial-Induced
Huang Shaoqi,
Qian Lixi,
Lu Taishan,
Wang Xiangyang,
Shen Junqian
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2017
Pages:
223-228
Received:
10 May 2017
Published:
11 May 2017
Abstract: Experiments are designed to study the effect of soil clogging by microbial-induced calcite precipitation in the short term, and the differences clogging effect under different nutrient solution. Based on the constant head permeability test, microbial-induced calcite precipitation were performed in 2 groups of sand columns, where potato soup and nutrient solution (potato-Co(NH2)2-CaCl2) were added. Changing trends of the hydraulic conductivity were presented by measuring piezometer readings regularly and soil micro-pore structure change was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Results show that clogging effects can be received for supply of potato soup and nutrient solution in order for the growth of microorganisms. The hydraulic conductivity of sand columns added potato soup could be reduced by 83.64% in 10 days, while that of sand columns added nutrient solution could be down to 99.14%. A piece of membrane material was observed, which made soil immersed in nutrient solution bond together. Few changes took place at the surface of soil that was immersed in potato soup and the soil was still in the decentralized state. Tests showed that microbial plugging technology is able to improve soil properties in a short time, achieve effective clogging, and clogging effect remains stable within a certain time.
Abstract: Experiments are designed to study the effect of soil clogging by microbial-induced calcite precipitation in the short term, and the differences clogging effect under different nutrient solution. Based on the constant head permeability test, microbial-induced calcite precipitation were performed in 2 groups of sand columns, where potato soup and nut...
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Research and Design of Motion Control System for Automated Warehouse
Wang Guangdong,
Zhu Wu,
Zhang Jiamin
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2017
Pages:
229-235
Received:
14 May 2017
Published:
16 May 2017
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to improve the performance of flexible welding production line in the automated warehouse stacking machine and auto warehouse operation efficiency, for the first time with a control structure of motion controller SIMOTION+ servo driver + servo motor ", the use of SIMOTION technology can realize accurate advantage of multi axis motion control and logic control of the machine in the same system, to realize the control of the stacking machine stable and accurate operation.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to improve the performance of flexible welding production line in the automated warehouse stacking machine and auto warehouse operation efficiency, for the first time with a control structure of motion controller SIMOTION+ servo driver + servo motor ", the use of SIMOTION technology can realize accurate advantage of mul...
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Study on Detection Method of Thickness and Dielectric Property of Highway Based on Forward and Inverse Method
Yin De,
Xue Bing,
Fan Yao
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2017
Pages:
236-243
Received:
19 May 2017
Published:
20 May 2017
Abstract: Highway,which is the most important transportation channel, plays a very important role in people's production and life. This paper pays attention to the current detection requirement of highway thickness and dielectric properties, based on the electromagnetic field theory and the forward and inverse method, taking advantage of ground penetrating radar to test the thickness and dielectric characteristics of highway, using 2D-FDTD to construct the forward model, a new inverse method is presented based on the forward model, the results of experiments show that the method is simple in principle, easy to use, low computational complexity and high accuracy, which has an important significance on detection of highway thickness and dielectric property.
Abstract: Highway,which is the most important transportation channel, plays a very important role in people's production and life. This paper pays attention to the current detection requirement of highway thickness and dielectric properties, based on the electromagnetic field theory and the forward and inverse method, taking advantage of ground penetrating r...
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