-
Reasons for Preventing Us to Get More Attractive: the Fear of Aesthetic Surgery
Mona Leitermann,
Klaus Hoffmann,
Erich Kasten
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, July 2016
Pages:
83-89
Received:
25 April 2016
Accepted:
25 May 2016
Published:
30 June 2016
Abstract: Nowadays, with the help of cosmetic surgery almost every woman and man can achieve a highly attractive appearance. But many people do not take advantage of these opportunities. Task: This pilot-study investigates individual attitudes of people towards aesthetic plastic surgery and analyzes factors which may play a role in the development of a decision for or against aesthetic surgery. This study emphasizes different aspects of people, who are unsatisfied with their body appearance, to decide for or against a cosmetic surgery. Especially individual fears of complications or pain and possible negative consequences were investigated. Furthermore, the influence of the personal trait extraversion/introversion and the educational level of the participants were analyzed. In addition, this survey evaluated gender-specific differences towards plastic surgery and research differences with regard to costs of a “beauty surgery”. Methods: A questionnaire was developed which combined self-developed items for a measurement of attitudes towards plastic surgery. In addition, items of the “Freiburger Personality Inventory” (FPI-R) were used. The study was conducted in Hamburg/Germany. 104 test persons participated in the survey (81 females, 23 males, age 20 – 30 y.). 86 of the participants (82.7%) had an A-level as degree of education, 14.4% achieved the secondary school certificate and 2.9% had completed their bachelor on a high school. Results: The data supported the hypothesis that people who are unsatisfied with their body appearance showed more willingness for a surgical intervention. On the other hand fear of complications and pain as far as anxiety before an unsatisfactory result hinders them from a decision for an intervention. Significant correlations with regard to extraversion-introversion and the education level were not found. Females showed more willingness regarding an intervention than men. Gender-specific differences concerning the cost factor were not found. Conclusion: Interestingly, more than 65% of the total sample (n=104) felt a dissatisfaction with a specific body part and are thus target of aesthetic surgery. The yellow press often reports about failed cosmetic surgery, especially in VIP-persons. Aesthetic surgery should keep working to reduce unwarranted fears of people toward these kinds of operations.
Abstract: Nowadays, with the help of cosmetic surgery almost every woman and man can achieve a highly attractive appearance. But many people do not take advantage of these opportunities. Task: This pilot-study investigates individual attitudes of people towards aesthetic plastic surgery and analyzes factors which may play a role in the development of a decis...
Show More
-
Factors Affecting Sustainability of Women Enterprises: Insights from Kapsabet Town (KT) Experience, Kenya
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, July 2016
Pages:
90-99
Received:
8 May 2016
Accepted:
25 May 2016
Published:
30 June 2016
Abstract: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting sustainability of women enterprises. The specific objectives of the study were: to determine the effects of the managerial skills on the sustainability of the women enterprises in Kapsabet town, to identify the effects of financial requirement on the sustainability of women enterprises in Kapsabet town, to analyse how legislative and legal requirement affect the sustainability of women enterprise in Kapsabet town, and to determine the cultural factors affecting sustainability of women enterprises in Kapsabet to town. It is hoped that the study results will be used by the Government through the Ministries of Youth Affairs (MOYA), Gender and social services in developing policies for the disbursement of the Youth and Women funds to the small businesses. A survey research design was adopted for the study. The target population under the study comprised 80 women owners of retail shops within Kapsabet town. Stratified sampling technique was used to select a sample of 40 respondents who represented the target population. Questionnaires were used as the data collection instruments. It contained closed end questions. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and presentation of the results was done in form of tables, graphs and charts. The findings revealed that, organization culture, availability of finance, legal requirements and managerial skills affect the sustainability of women enterprises in Kapasabet town. The researcher recommended that the owners of the women enterprise should possess good managerial skills, adhere to the governing laws and have good working culture to ensure the survival of their businesses. Researcher recommended a replication of the study be done in other areas to ensure generalization of findings.
Abstract: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting sustainability of women enterprises. The specific objectives of the study were: to determine the effects of the managerial skills on the sustainability of the women enterprises in Kapsabet town, to identify the effects of financial requirement on the sustainability of women ent...
Show More
-
Study on the City Color Planning Strategy Based on the Historical Context Inheritance — Take Bailu Town, Pengzhou City, Sichuan Prov. China for Example
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, July 2016
Pages:
100-105
Received:
6 July 2016
Published:
7 July 2016
Abstract: With the promotion of living standard, the requirements of the life environment quality also continues to increase, but city presents the color problems go against the requirements and has affected the life quality. City color is an important part of the living environment and the carrier of the city's historical context. The scientific methods and Strategies of city color planning will play an important role in city construction and environmental regulation. In this paper, through the field research of the color in Bailu town and the color extraction and summary of Its natural environment, historical buildings, public service facilities, marking systems, advertising signs, ground pavement, we have put forward the future city color palette of Bailu in elegant gray and light color, created a "elegant gray light make-up at White Hart" color landscape, demonstrated the planning target of Chinese and Western town charm. And we have also make the district color planning control in Bailu color landscape, Trying to create the visual experience of the Western Sichuan, and a small town that can talk with color. In this paper, we explore the city color planning strategy of Bailu town based on the local cultural heritage content, combined with the actual case which Enriched the local cultural heritage content and connotation of the city, Emphasized the importance of local culture inheritance in color, Perfect the relevant content of city design. Through in-depth analysis of the inheritance and development of local culture in the case of city color planning in Bailu town in specific, to provide a practical reference for the color planning of small cities and towns with traditional cultural charm, and also provide a certain foundation and platform for the study of the city color planning of small cities and towns from the perspective of local culture in the future.
Abstract: With the promotion of living standard, the requirements of the life environment quality also continues to increase, but city presents the color problems go against the requirements and has affected the life quality. City color is an important part of the living environment and the carrier of the city's historical context. The scientific methods and...
Show More
-
A Study of English Conundrums’ Setting and Solving from the Perspective of Relevance Theory
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, July 2016
Pages:
106-112
Received:
6 July 2016
Published:
7 July 2016
Abstract: English conundrums, as an important form of English riddles, are very interesting and bring entertainment to people’s daily life. For its vivid form, specific purpose, and well-designed content, English conundrums raise researching interests among more and more scholars. These studies range from anthropology, folklore to rhetoric. In the recent decades, many scholars have also begun to explore them from linguistic perspectives. This paper tries to analyze English conundrums under the guidance of Relevance Theory, aiming to explain the dynamical process of setting and solving of English conundrums. After an intensive study, the author finds that principles of relevance, the cognitive context and the non-demonstrative inference are powerful for explaining the setting and solving of English conundrums.
Abstract: English conundrums, as an important form of English riddles, are very interesting and bring entertainment to people’s daily life. For its vivid form, specific purpose, and well-designed content, English conundrums raise researching interests among more and more scholars. These studies range from anthropology, folklore to rhetoric. In the recent dec...
Show More
-
Cultural Characteristics of Traditional Architecture and Scenic Architecture in the Online Games
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, July 2016
Pages:
113-118
Received:
11 July 2016
Published:
12 July 2016
Abstract: Through several generations of development and evolution, online games have penetrated into every corner of people’s lives and formed a new kind of consumption culture, thus they are likely to be not only required, but essential for the folk’s daily life and broaden the horizon and knowledge of the players at the same time. Architecture scene in the online games is an important occasion and environment for the activities and performance of the game characters. Architecture scene includes time, location, and space, and it helps to show the historical background and the geographical environment from multiple perspectives. More importantly, it helps to show the relative architecture culture style and the architecture characteristics of the times. In online games’ virtual world, exquisite architecture scene can not only set off the competition atmosphere, bring the players into the games’ plot quickly, but also make the cultural connotation and the cultural emotion that the makers want to convey in the games sensed visually by the players. Online games should be treated rationally, because it is not only a media of entertainment but also a media of cultural transmission. With the emergence and popularity of many online games based on Chinese stories, we should pay more attention to the function of transmission of the online games.
Abstract: Through several generations of development and evolution, online games have penetrated into every corner of people’s lives and formed a new kind of consumption culture, thus they are likely to be not only required, but essential for the folk’s daily life and broaden the horizon and knowledge of the players at the same time. Architecture scene in th...
Show More
-
Research on the Influence of Phone Screen Color Combination on Visual Identification of the Aged
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, July 2016
Pages:
119-122
Received:
18 July 2016
Published:
19 July 2016
Abstract: With the development of mobile communications technology, smart phone has become a necessity in people’s life. The aggravation of population aging in China draws the society’s more attention to the market of smart phone for the aged. Being convenient, smart phone provides the aged with a brand new reading mode and a flexible reading environment. However, this advantage changes elderly users’ habit of using eyes and causes visual fatigue. This research explores the relationship between smart phone screen color combination and visual identification, visual fatigue of the aged. Combining color criterion RGB adopted by most displayers with neutral colors black and white, the author probes into the influence of smart phone screen color combination on visual identification and visual fatigue through experiment. The experiment in this research is about the influence of mobile phone screen color combination on visual identification of the aged.
Abstract: With the development of mobile communications technology, smart phone has become a necessity in people’s life. The aggravation of population aging in China draws the society’s more attention to the market of smart phone for the aged. Being convenient, smart phone provides the aged with a brand new reading mode and a flexible reading environment. Ho...
Show More
-
Comparison Between Chinese Traditional Marriage Customs and American Marriage Customs
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, July 2016
Pages:
123-126
Received:
19 July 2016
Published:
20 July 2016
Abstract: Western culture attracts Chinese people’s attention unprecedentedly for China is becoming more open. For the rapid development of economy, Chinese people need to cooperate with westerners more frequently. It becomes particularly important for Chinese people to learn more about western countries’ culture in their communication. This paper mainly focuses on Chinese traditional marriage customs and western countries’ marriage customs especially that of the United States. Though this paper, different marriage customs will be demonstrated and help people to learn more about them. This paper, based on the literature survey methods, attempts to show marriage customs of China and the US and analyze the reason of their marriage forms through contrasting their differences. Through comparative analysis between Chinese traditional marriage customs and American’s marriage customs, it can be drawn out that traditional culture plays a leading role in them like marriage values and religion.
Abstract: Western culture attracts Chinese people’s attention unprecedentedly for China is becoming more open. For the rapid development of economy, Chinese people need to cooperate with westerners more frequently. It becomes particularly important for Chinese people to learn more about western countries’ culture in their communication. This paper mainly foc...
Show More
-
Poetic Analysis on “Do not Go Gentle into That Good Night”
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, July 2016
Pages:
127-130
Received:
19 July 2016
Published:
20 July 2016
Abstract: Dylan Thomas’s most famous poem “Do not Go Gentle into That Good Night” is known by its first line and its poetic form villanelle. This poem was Dylan Thomas written for his father when his father was seriously ill. Dylan wrote this poem to urge his father to fight against death. This paper focuses mainly on the poetic analysis on the poem. The poem “Do not Go Gentle into That Good Night” was analyzed from the perspective of poetic elements of poetry. The paper analyzed the poem from its images, metaphor and simile, symbol, rhyme and meter, alliteration and consonance, euphonies and cacophonies, and also its structure. Those analyses are general and rough, and profound analyses are needed.
Abstract: Dylan Thomas’s most famous poem “Do not Go Gentle into That Good Night” is known by its first line and its poetic form villanelle. This poem was Dylan Thomas written for his father when his father was seriously ill. Dylan wrote this poem to urge his father to fight against death. This paper focuses mainly on the poetic analysis on the poem. The poe...
Show More
