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Cytogenetic and Ultrastructural Studies of Effects of Antifungal Drug, Fluconazole on Liver of New-born Mice
Azza Attia,
Cecil Matta,
Reda Elmazoudy,
Zeinab Elhenshery
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
1-9
Received:
26 August 2020
Accepted:
14 September 2020
Published:
12 January 2021
Abstract: As a potent antifungal drug, fluconazole clinically used to eradicate both systemic and superficial mycoses resulting in hepatotoxicity. The objective of the current study was to evaluate hepatotoxicity and genotoxicity in newborn male mice. Mice were treated orally with 0.5 ml fluconazole doses of (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kgbw) per day for five consecutive weeks. Micronucleus test, chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells, histopathological investigation and DNA fragmentation in the liver tissue was done. Micronuclei are significantly noticed in bone marrow cells of mice given 50 and 100 mg/kgbw fluconazole however, there is no effect on the genotoxicity induced by 25 mg/kgbw dose of fluconazole. A dose-dependent and significant increase in structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations were detected in the 50 and 100 mg/kgbw fluconazole-treated group but a 100 mg/kg was highly significant. The chromosomal aberrations were manifested in hypoploidy, deletion, centric fusion and stickiness. Besides, hepatocellular massive infiltration, cytoplasmic vacuolation, congestion and dilatation in the central veins were seen in 50 and 100 mg/kgbw fluconazole. Interestingly, 25mg/kgbw fluconazole-treated mice showed mild hepatocellular degeneration. Consequently, these findings confirmed that fluconazole to a greater extent was a potent hepatotoxic drug in vivo in newborn mice.
Abstract: As a potent antifungal drug, fluconazole clinically used to eradicate both systemic and superficial mycoses resulting in hepatotoxicity. The objective of the current study was to evaluate hepatotoxicity and genotoxicity in newborn male mice. Mice were treated orally with 0.5 ml fluconazole doses of (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kgbw) per day for five cons...
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Clinical, Radiographic, and Histological Assessment of Socket Preservation Using Melatonin with Beta-Tri-Calcium Phosphate for Receiving Dental Implant
Abdel Aziz Baiomy Abdullah,
Mohamed Fouad Edrees,
Ahmed Mohamed Bakry
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
10-16
Received:
9 December 2020
Accepted:
24 December 2020
Published:
12 January 2021
Abstract: Aim: The clinical, 3D volumetric, and histological evaluation for effectiveness of addition of melatonin to β-tri calcium phosphate (β-TCP) in socket preservation after tooth extraction. Patients and methods: 24 patients were treatment planned for extraction of isolated hopeless mandibular teeth followed by delayed implant placement. They were divided randomly into two equal groups as follows: Group (A) sockets were grafted with β-TCP mixed with 1% melatonin, Group (B) included sockets were grafted with β-TCP alone. Clinical evaluation and Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) were done immediately and 6 months postoperatively. Microscopic evaluation was performed after 6 months before implant insertion. All readings were recorded and analyzed statistically. Results: After 6 months, all clinical and radiographic parameters showed significant difference between the tested groups where Group (A) produced the highest mean values of bone density, bone height, and width followed by Group (B). Histological study referred to more maturation of bone in group A than group B. Where complete bone maturation occurred later in group II than group I. Conclusion: The results clearly concluded that melatonin had promotion effect for bone formation. Therefore, addition of melatonin to β-TCP has high successful effect in decrease bone resorption with increased bone density of alveolar ridge leading to preserve on 3-D volume of alveolar ridge after tooth extraction.
Abstract: Aim: The clinical, 3D volumetric, and histological evaluation for effectiveness of addition of melatonin to β-tri calcium phosphate (β-TCP) in socket preservation after tooth extraction. Patients and methods: 24 patients were treatment planned for extraction of isolated hopeless mandibular teeth followed by delayed implant placement. They were divi...
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Erb’s Palsy in a Newborn Child and Clinicoanatomical Approach
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
17-19
Received:
5 January 2021
Accepted:
18 January 2021
Published:
2 February 2021
Abstract: Erb’s palsy is found in upper trunk of brachial plexus. C5, C6 roots join to from upper trunk. Each trunk again divides into anterior and posterior divisions. All trunks and divisions are found above the clavicle in the posterior triangle of neck. Branches from the upper trunk are suprascapular nerve and nerve to subclavius. Suprascapular nerve supplies supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscle along with it a articular trig to capsule of shoulder joint. Supraspinatus helps in initial 15 ºabduction at shoulder joint. Infraspinatus acts as lateral rotator of shoulder joint and assists subscapularis and teres minor muscles to abduct at this joint when there is contraction of middle fibers of deltoid and supraspinatus. Some fibers of C5 also give contribution to accessory phrenic nerve. Lateral cord of brachial plexus giving– musculocutaneous nerve, lateral pectoral nerve, lateral root of median nerve. Musculocutaneous nerve supplies all flexor muscles of arm like biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis. Brachialis muscle flexes the elbow joint, coracobrachialis is a weak flexor of shoulder joint and biceps brachii is a strong supinator of forearm, flexor of elbow joint only when forearm is supinated. Injury occurs in the Erb’s point found in the upper trunk of brachial plexus where there are emergence of six branches- C5 & C6 nerve roots, suprascapular nerve, nerve to subclavius, anterior and posterior division of upper trunk of the plexus. In this palsy, the arm remains medially rotated and adducted at the shoulder joint, the elbow is extended or semiflexed, forearm is pronated, and the wrist semiflexed. In this case a newborn child was found unable to flex his elbow, and abducted the arm on the right side. The limb is medially rotated, adducted in shoulder joint, semiflexion at the elbow joint and forearm pronated and wrist semiflexed. The child was kept on artificial respiratory ventilation. Plain Chest X-ray done to see if any musculoskeletal abnormality is there but no positive findings found so far. Both the clavicles and all ribs were found intact. Both domes of diaphragm were moving normally. On the other hand left sided upper limb found fully flexed at the elbow joint, supinated at forearm, abducted externally rotated at the shoulder joint and wrist extended. Moros reflex on the right side was absent but on left side it was clearly present. So, there is asymmetrical Moros reflex.
Abstract: Erb’s palsy is found in upper trunk of brachial plexus. C5, C6 roots join to from upper trunk. Each trunk again divides into anterior and posterior divisions. All trunks and divisions are found above the clavicle in the posterior triangle of neck. Branches from the upper trunk are suprascapular nerve and nerve to subclavius. Suprascapular nerve sup...
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Experimental Study on the Combined Killing Effect of DC and CIK Cells on Gastric Cancer Stem Cells
Zhang Lin,
Hou Yanhong,
Zhang Jian,
Wang Yanmei
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
20-24
Received:
23 January 2021
Accepted:
8 February 2021
Published:
23 February 2021
Abstract: Background: Gastric cancer is one of the most fatal malignant tumors in China. Gastric cancer stem cells are the key factors of tumor recurrence and metastasis. In recent years, immunotherapy for gastric cancer stem cells has become a research hotspot. Objective: to preliminarily verify the combined killing effect of DC and CIK cells on gastric cancer stem cells. To evaluate the effect of DC-CIK cells as a potential therapeutic agents for gastric cancer. Methods: Based on human gastric cancer cell line SGC7901, gastric cancer stem cells were isolated and cultured by immunomagnetic beads. The cytotoxicity of DC-CIK effector cells to gastric cancer stem cells was investigated by 51Cr killing test. The cell cycle and apoptosis of tumor stem cells were detected by flow cytometry. Then the comparisions of the cytotoxicity activity between DC-CIK and CIK only was conducted. Results: the gastric cancer stem cells isolated and cultured by CD44 and CD133 immunomagnetic beads sorting method met the research requirements. 51Cr cell killing test results showed that the killing rate of DC-CIK combined as effector cells on gastric cancer SGC7901 stem cell line was significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). After DC-CIK effector cells treatment, the apoptosis rate of tumor stem cells increased significantly. Conclusion: preliminary in vitro experiments show that DC-CIK cells combined as effector cells have obvious killing effect on gastric cancer stem cells, which could has potential clinical application value for controlling recurrence and metastasis of gastric cancer after surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Abstract: Background: Gastric cancer is one of the most fatal malignant tumors in China. Gastric cancer stem cells are the key factors of tumor recurrence and metastasis. In recent years, immunotherapy for gastric cancer stem cells has become a research hotspot. Objective: to preliminarily verify the combined killing effect of DC and CIK cells on gastric can...
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Prevalence of Cryptosporidium Species and Other Intestinal Parasites Among HIV Infected Patients at LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
Akinseye Janet Fumilayo,
Adedokun Samuel Adeyinka,
Adewuyi Isaac Kayode,
Agunlejika Richard Adedokun,
Thomas Hosea Zagi,
Ayuba Sunday Buru
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
25-28
Received:
22 January 2021
Accepted:
1 February 2021
Published:
4 March 2021
Abstract: Background: Cryptosporidiosis though an opportunistic infection in HIV infected patients, increases the mortality and morbidity to the diseases by its effect suppression of the immune system, our quest is to highlights the clinical correlation of diarrhea in immunocompromised individuals and the economic losses associated with managing infected individuals. Methods: Stool samples were collected from 96 subjects. Their personal information regarding their names, sex, age was also obtained. The stool samples were processed for non-opportunistic parasite using the direct and formol-ether concentration method. For Cryptosporidium, Modified Ziehl-Neelsen Technique was used. A total of ninety-six confirmed HIV individuals were enrolled for this study. Results: The mean age of the patients was 24.7 years with the youngest been 3 years old and the eldest 58 years old. 77 (74%) were females while 22 (23%) were males. Table 1 shows the general characteristics of the HIV subjects recruited into the study. The distribution of intestinal parasites detected in patient’s stool is shown in Table 2. Of the 96 stool samples examined, intestinal parasites were seen in 87 samples, while 9 samples showed absence of parasites. The diagnosed parasitic infections were: Cryptosporidium spp (54.2%), A. lumbricoides (9.4%), Hookworm (5.2%), E. histolytica (3.1%), S. stercoralis (1%) and Teania spp (1%). Double parasitic infections with Cryptosporidium were observed in 13 (13.5%) HIV/AIDS patients stool samples. Regarding age and sex distribution of the participants, there were 74 (77%) females and 22 (23%) males. Males (68.2%) were more infected than females (55.4%) but the difference was not statistically significant. Table 3 shows relationship between intestinal parasitic infection and diarrhea in the HIV/AIDS patients. 45 (86.5%) of patients with Cryptosporidium infection presented with diarrhea. Conclusion: The association between diarrhea and Cryptosporidium infection was statistically significant. It may be concluded that in HIV infected patients, both opportunistic intestinal parasitic infections are prevalent.
Abstract: Background: Cryptosporidiosis though an opportunistic infection in HIV infected patients, increases the mortality and morbidity to the diseases by its effect suppression of the immune system, our quest is to highlights the clinical correlation of diarrhea in immunocompromised individuals and the economic losses associated with managing infected ind...
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Analysis of Clinical and Psychological Characteristics on Mild and Severe COVID-19 Patients
Song Wang,
Meilan Su,
Minghong Zhang,
Yanshu Guo,
Shuhong Han,
Hongmei Wu,
Yunfei Duan,
Jing Guan,
Zhonghui Zou,
Zubin Yin
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
29-35
Received:
22 February 2021
Accepted:
3 March 2021
Published:
12 March 2021
Abstract: Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is threatening human physical and mental health. The features of mild and severe cases of COVID-19 may be different, and the impact of psychological intervention is not clear. It is necessary to analyze clinical and psychological characteristics of COVID-19 patients simultaneously. Objective: To evaluate the clinical and psychological differences between mild and severe COVID-19 patients and determine the efficacy of psychological intervention on the patients. Methods: Clinical and psychological data of the patients with COVID-19 were collected. The patients were grouped into mild and severe groups according to their clinical symptoms, and subdivided into psychological intervention group and non-psychological intervention group according to whether they received psychological intervention. The efficiency of psychological interventions in patients with emotional disorder was further explored. Results: 162 participants were included in this study (severe group: 41 patients, mild group: 121 patients), 72 of them received psychological assessment. The demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of mild and severe cases were quite different. Most patients in both groups showed mild to moderate anxiety and depression at admission. After psychological intervention for about three weeks, psychological scale scores (HAMA and HAMD score) of patients in the psychological intervention group (n=54) were significantly lower than those in the non-psychological intervention group (n=18) (P<0.05). Conclusions: Early psychological intervention can significantly improve the emotional state of COVID-19 patients. Comprehensive treatments comprising combined clinical and psychological interventions may be effective in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. The physical and mental health of COVID-19 patients requires long-term follow-up.
Abstract: Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is threatening human physical and mental health. The features of mild and severe cases of COVID-19 may be different, and the impact of psychological intervention is not clear. It is necessary to analyze clinical and psychological characteristics of COVID-19 patients simultaneously. Objective: To evalu...
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Addition of Glutamine in the Human Platelets Could Prevent Toxic Effect of Ultraviolet-C Induced Platelets Activation
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
36-40
Received:
1 March 2021
Accepted:
17 March 2021
Published:
26 March 2021
Abstract: The primary function of platelets is to prevent bleeding. Transfusion of platelets can be prophylactic or therapeutic. From the storage perspective of blood and blood components, standard protocols are followed around the world to ensure the safe operation of blood banks. The Use of UV-C light in treating platelets has become a valuable method for storage and efficacy of platelets concentration in the blood bank. However, its deleterious effect remains, such as activation of platelets, thus losing their physiological function. In this study we intend to demonstrate that addition of glutamine in the platelets concentrate could prevent the toxic effect of UV-C. This study was conducted using human or mouse platelets. Use of positive and negative control in all experiment were ensured to validate the findings. In vitro thrombus formations was assessed before and after exposure of platelets to appropriate dose of UV-C. To assess the cytotoxic effect of 50 mM of glutamine on the platelets, methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) was used to validate the viability effect. We have successfully demonstrated that physiological damages done during the exposure of platelet concentrate to UV-C could be alleviated by the use of glutamine. Our study demonstrated that the toxic effect of UV-C on the platelets could be preserved by adding appropriate concentration of glutamine.
Abstract: The primary function of platelets is to prevent bleeding. Transfusion of platelets can be prophylactic or therapeutic. From the storage perspective of blood and blood components, standard protocols are followed around the world to ensure the safe operation of blood banks. The Use of UV-C light in treating platelets has become a valuable method for ...
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