Electrolyte Level Changes in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients as Compared to Healthy Individuals in Khan Younis Governorate, Gaza Strip
Lamia Fasail Abu Marzoq,
Wafaa Hamad Jaber,
Dina K. Halaid Azzam
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2016
Pages:
9-15
Received:
8 March 2016
Accepted:
16 March 2016
Published:
5 April 2016
Abstract: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality across the world. Serum electrolytes changes in AMI have not been studied in Khan Younis Governorate-Palestine. Hence, this study was undertaken to investigate any changes in the serum electrolytes with special attention to serum sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and chloride in cases of AMI. Aim: To determine the pattern of changes of serum electrolytes AMI patients and then compare with non AMI (i.e. healthy persons). Materials and Method: The study consisted of a hundred people divided equally into study group and control group. Samples were taken from the Central Heart Unit in Nasser Hospital - Khan Younis. The study group comprised cases of confirmed diagnosis of recent onset of AMI. Clinical data was collected using interviewing questionnaires. The first paragraph of the questionnaire was for personal data which included age, sex and education level. The blood samples of both groups were automatically analyzed for serum electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca+ and Mg+) where the latter was analyzed manually. The cases were taken from AMI patients within 48 hours of admission. Results: The mean of age of controls was 47.18±64 while that of cases was 56.34±12.84. Significant low level of calcium was found in AMI patients while the level observed for magnesium was high. The levels of potassium and magnesium in AMI patients with hypertension was observed to be low with p-value < 0.05. Moreover, potassium levels were also low in AMI patients with diabetes with p-value <0.05. The changesin electrolytes werenot statistically significant in association with smoking. Conclusion: The decrease in sodium level was observed only in patients with AMI compared with healthy persons.
Abstract: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality across the world. Serum electrolytes changes in AMI have not been studied in Khan Younis Governorate-Palestine. Hence, this study was undertaken to investigate any changes in the serum electrolytes with special attention to serum sodium, potassium, calcium, ma...
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Phytochemical Screening, Tyrosinase Inhibitory Effects and Kinetics of Cam Wood Dye Extracts
David Morakinyo Sanni,
Oluwasegun Victor Omotoyinbo
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2016
Pages:
16-20
Received:
5 February 2016
Accepted:
18 February 2016
Published:
28 April 2016
Abstract: Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis, as it catalyzes the oxidation of o-diphenols to o-quinones. Cam wood dye was extracted using methanol, acetone and dichloromethane; while extracts obtained were screened for Phytochemicals as well as their tyrosinase inhibitory effects and kinetic studies. Phytochemical screening of the three extracts showed the presence of total phlobatanins in all extracts except methanolic which had minute presence. Cardiac glycosides and flavonoids were also observed in the dichloromethane extracts and methanolic extract respectively. The methanolic extracts had best enzyme inhibition (84.1%) at highest concentration considered of 400µg/ml as compared to the dichloromethane and acetone extracts with peak values of 58.5 and 51.5% respectively. The enzyme kinetics analysis of substrate showed same inhibition type for three extracts which was non-competitive and its mechanism irreversible. The Michealis-Mentens constants for the three extracts were determined to be 0.344, 0.355 and 0.214mM, for acetone, dichloromethane and methanolic extracts respectively while the values of Vmax/Km shows inhibiting extracts followed the order: methanol extract > acetone extract > dichloromethame extract. The result therefore showed that methanolic extracts of Cam wood dye was the most effective in tyrosinase inhibition.
Abstract: Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis, as it catalyzes the oxidation of o-diphenols to o-quinones. Cam wood dye was extracted using methanol, acetone and dichloromethane; while extracts obtained were screened for Phytochemicals as well as their tyrosinase inhibitory effects and kinetic studies. Phytochemical screening of the three extr...
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