Heterogeneous Phyto-Antibiotics and Other Future Therapeutics Against Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2019
Pages:
34-50
Received:
27 June 2019
Accepted:
30 July 2019
Published:
23 August 2019
Abstract: Phage therapy, enzybiotics, gene medicine and nanodrug-carriers are most vital components of modern research against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Genome evolutionoccurs due to environmental toxicities of various types where soil bacteria are in symbiosis with plant world who secret anti-metabolites against soil bacteria. Gut microbiome secrete vitamins required for our body where as intestinal cells synthesis interleukins and cytokines for symbiotic control of intestinal bacteria. Before the discovery of antibiotic in 1928, peoples trusted plant derived remedies against variety of illness described in Indian Sanskrit books like Charaka Samhita, Sasruta Samhita and Atharva Veda. AMR disease occurred due to repeated but uncontrolled use of antibiotics affecting gut microbiome who acquired many mdr genes in plasmids. We estimated that are 40% of all river and sea water borne bacteria were ampicillin and to lesser extent tetracycline, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin and streptomycin resistant. Where as <1% were multidrug-resistant and ~0.002% Enterobacteriaceae were meropenem, linezolid or amikacin resistant. MDR genes like amp, neo, tet, aac, cat, aph, aad, mcr-1, blaNDM-1, blaKPC-1, arr3, sul1, dhfr, inh, acrAB, mexAB, macAB and mtrCD were amplified with millions mutated isomers increasing all drugs MIC. We studied Indian medicinal plants and spices to get valuable cheap drugs where modified agriculture and/or tissue culture increased the drug concentration. We showed that MDR bacteria were sensitive to organic extract of Suregada multiflora roots, Cassia fistula bark, Jatropha gossypifolia roots as well as Indian spices Labanga and Derchini (MDR-Cure). TLC and HPLC purification as well as UV-VIS, MASS, NMR, FT-IR and XRD-Powder gave many distinct signatures of pure chemicals that also inhibited multidrug-resistant bacteria. Biological targets of 12 chemicals are under investigation targeting DNA Topoisomerase I, DNA Polymerase and RNA Polymerase of Escherichia coli. Indian Government has started Herbal Mission, Ganga Mission and various Plantation Programmes to curve MDR pathogenesis.
Abstract: Phage therapy, enzybiotics, gene medicine and nanodrug-carriers are most vital components of modern research against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Genome evolutionoccurs due to environmental toxicities of various types where soil bacteria are in symbiosis with plant world who secret anti-metabolites against soil bacteria. Gut microbiome secrete vit...
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Catechin Attenuates the Effect of Combined Arsenic and Deltamethrin Toxicity by Abrogation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Wistar Rats
Afolabi Olusegun Kayode,
Arinola Abimbola,
Aderibigbe Felix Adesola,
Folarin Dasola Teslim,
Wusu Adedoja Dorcas
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2019
Pages:
51-58
Received:
27 July 2019
Accepted:
18 August 2019
Published:
26 August 2019
Abstract: This study was aimed at evaluating the protective role of catechin (CT) against toxicity induced by combined exposure to arsenic (As) and deltamethrin (DM) in rats. Thirty-five (35) male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 7 animals each. Treatment of each group was as follows: Control (C) administered corn oil (1ml kg-1), catechin only (CT) at 40mg kg-1, As+DM administered As (100ppm) in their drinking water and DM at a dose of 7.5mg kg-1 (1/20th LD50), As+DM-CT40 treated as As+DM in addition to oral administration of CT at 40mg kg-1 while the last group, As+DM-CT80 received the same treatment as As+DM, along with oral CT treatment at a dose of 80mg kg-1. The treatment lasted for 28 days. Effect of the treatment in inducing oxidative damage was appraised by estimating levels of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, glutathione and total antioxidant capacity in the liver, kidney, and testis of the rats. Also, the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were assayed in the tissues. For the evaluation of inflammation, plasma levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and 8-nitroguanine were determined. The result showed that the combination of As and DM gave rise to marked alterations of these parameters but supplementation with CT attenuated these effects.
Abstract: This study was aimed at evaluating the protective role of catechin (CT) against toxicity induced by combined exposure to arsenic (As) and deltamethrin (DM) in rats. Thirty-five (35) male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 7 animals each. Treatment of each group was as follows: Control (C) administered corn oil (1ml kg-1), catechin only (CT) ...
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