Photodynamic Therapy for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer
Rodrick Symon Katete,
Given Kalonga,
Magdah Ganashi,
Ned Silavwe,
Richard Mwenya
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
81-93
Received:
5 July 2022
Accepted:
20 July 2022
Published:
4 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ab.20221003.11
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Abstract: Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. The International Agency for Research on Cancer global report of 2020 estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases and almost 10.0 million cancer deaths. The global cancer burden is expected to be 28.4 million cases in 2040, a 47% rise from 2020. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) relies on the presence of oxygen, light at a specific wavelength, and photosensitizers. Among these components, photosensitizers are the primary focus of intensive research for optimization. So far, PDT has been used to treat brain, head, neck, pancreas, breast, prostate, skin, colorectal, oral, lung, bronchial, and liver cancers. The combination of PDT with standard cancer treatment options is proving more effective against most resistant cancers. Photodynamic diagnosis is superior to white light cystoscopy in detecting tumors. Based on the recent literature review, it is clear that the effective use of PDT for cancer treatment will require the modulation of other metabolic pathways to combat drug resistance and improve treatment outcomes. These modulations can include cell cycle inhibition, inhibition of DNA repair mechanisms, inhibition of cell adhesion, and many other molecular mechanisms that can enhance the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics activities of PS and reduce tumor resistance to treatment. This review looks at the principles of PDT, its application to cancer diagnosis and treatment, and its limitations. PDT has enormous potential for cancer diagnosis and treatment in developing countries because of its low cost and wide range of applications. Analysis of recent research on PDT shows that PDT has massive potential for cancer treatment and should not always be used as the last resort after all other cancer treatment options have failed.
Abstract: Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. The International Agency for Research on Cancer global report of 2020 estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases and almost 10.0 million cancer deaths. The global cancer burden is expected to be 28.4 million cases in 2040, a 47% rise from 2020. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) relies on the presence of ...
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Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anaemia and Associated Factors Among Resident Students on the Gaston Berger University Campus in Saint-Louis
Dominique Doupa,
Sokhna Khady Badiane,
Demba Makalou,
Ndiogou Seck,
Helene Ange Therese Sagna,
Ousmane Thiam,
Khadim Niang,
Najah Fatou Coly,
Arame Ndiaye,
Fatou Cisse,
Moustapha Djite,
Pape Matar Kandji,
Nene Oumou Kesso Barry,
El Hadji Malick Ndour,
Fatou Gueye Tall,
Mamadou Diop,
Fanta Seydi,
Oumou Khairy Mbaye,
Rokhaya Kamara,
Pape Madieye Gueye,
Philomene Lopez Sall,
Ibrahima Diagne
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
94-100
Received:
22 August 2022
Accepted:
14 September 2022
Published:
17 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ab.20221003.12
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Abstract: Iron deficiency anaemia is the most common micronutrient deficiency in the world. The most vulnerable groups are children, adolescents and pregnant women. Several studies carried out in Senegal have confirmed a high prevalence of anaemia among these vulnerable groups. However, there are few data on the prevalence of anaemia in students whose diet quality is often decried. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia among resident students at the Gaston Berger campus in Saint-Louis and the associated factors. The study took place on the campus of the Gaston Berger University of Saint-Louis (CROUS) and the Centre for Research and patient ambulatory Management of Sickle Cell Disease (CERPAD). This was a cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological survey with an analytical aim which lasted from June 3 to July 2, 2021. A questionnaire was administered to collect epidemiological, health and biomedical data. The haemoglobin level made it possible to define and classify the severity of anaemia. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between these factors and anaemia. A significance threshold was set from a p < 0.05. Due to the impact of anaemia on physical growth, cognitive development, reproduction and physical work capacity, awareness and screening strategies should be encouraged to ensure early detection and implementation of a supplementation program.
Abstract: Iron deficiency anaemia is the most common micronutrient deficiency in the world. The most vulnerable groups are children, adolescents and pregnant women. Several studies carried out in Senegal have confirmed a high prevalence of anaemia among these vulnerable groups. However, there are few data on the prevalence of anaemia in students whose diet q...
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