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Review Article
Toxicity Associated with the Consumption of Thermally-oxidized Cooking Oils: A Literature Review of Experimental Studies
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, April 2024
Pages:
1-9
Received:
2 October 2023
Accepted:
20 October 2023
Published:
11 January 2024
Abstract: Use of cooking oils in culinary practices, especially in deep-frying is a very old method of food preparation largely utilized across the world. Apart being a quick method of frying, deep-frying (100°C to 180°C) confers to the cooked food the unique physico-chemical properties (modification of the texture, proteins denaturation, water vaporization, etc.) desired by the consumer. However, oil heated at relatively very high temperature (>180°C) could lead to the formation of toxic compounds which may pose detrimental effect on health of the consumers of fried foods. Several pathological conditions or diseases may be in part or fully associated with the consumption of food by-products of thermally-oxidized oils. In this study, we have overviewed most valuable published literatures on toxicity effects related to the ingestion of thermally-oxidized cooking oils on liver, kidney and cardiovascular system. Thus, this article aims to alert the general public for a better understanding of the health risks associated with frying oils, to serve as a stimulus for scientists to foster the research activities which could potentially contribute to reduce the burden of this issue and to help develop or reinforce regulation policies in most developing countries concerning the use of frying oils in food preparation.
Abstract: Use of cooking oils in culinary practices, especially in deep-frying is a very old method of food preparation largely utilized across the world. Apart being a quick method of frying, deep-frying (100°C to 180°C) confers to the cooked food the unique physico-chemical properties (modification of the texture, proteins denaturation, water vaporization,...
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Research Article
In Vitro Antioxidant Properties and Interleukin-17 Expression Levels of Eribroma oblongum (Malvaceae) in Wistar Rats with Atherogenic Diet-Induced Steatotic Liver
Tsague Marthe Valentine*,
Njiki Bikoï Jacky,
Sokamte Tegang Alphonse,
Edoun Ebouel Ferdinand Lanvin,
Nodem Sohanang Francky Steve,
Ahamat Abakar,
Mahoumo Fodop Anaelle Orel,
M’bann Nsonngan Salomon,
Ze Minkande Jacqueline
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, April 2024
Pages:
10-19
Received:
11 December 2023
Accepted:
11 January 2024
Published:
23 January 2024
Abstract: Introduction: Eribroma oblongum (Malvaceae) (EO) stem bark is also used in traditional medicine to treat cardiovascular diseases and painful menstruation. This study aimed to estimate the mineral composition, in vitro antioxidant properties, and Interleukin-17 (IL-17) expression levels of hydroethanolic extract (EOHE) and the powder fraction ˂ 125µm (EOP) of Eribroma oblongum (EO), in Wistar rats with atherogenic diet-induced steatotic liver. Materials and methods: The mineral composition of these therapeutic plants was characterized through atomic absorption spectrometry. Antioxidant activities were measured using spectroscopic methods. Rats were given daily doses of EOP, EOHE (100mg/kg), or Atorvastatin (10mg/kg) as a positive control for 45 days at the same time as being fed an atherogenic diet. At the end of the treatment period, animals were sacrificed and liver and blood were collected for evaluation of biochemical parameters. The serum levels of cytokines IL-17 were measured by ELISA. Results: The results showed that EOP had a significantly P˂0.0001 higher composition of Iron (25.75±0.6464g/100g DM), Zinc (11.71±7164g/100g DM), Vitamin C (41.60 ± 4.864g/100g DM), Manganese (2.02±0.0164g/100g DM), Selenium (0.037±0.000764g/100g DM) than EOHE. EOHE had a significantly higher polyphenol content (p<0.05) than EOP 917.33±23.63µg CaE/g DM. EOP and EOHE had good polyphenol contents (in descending order EOHE (995.43±24.10 (µg CaE/g DM)) > EOP(917.33±23.63 (µg CaE/g DM)). DPPH, FRAP, and TAC increased positively with hydroethanolic extract and powder concentration. EOP significantly (P˂0.0001) reduced IL-17 expression by 48,76% compared with the negative control group. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that EOP can be a source of anti-inflammatory agents in the fight against metabolic diseases. The therapeutic potential of Eribroma oblongum for the treatment of steatosis could be considered in further studies.
Abstract: Introduction: Eribroma oblongum (Malvaceae) (EO) stem bark is also used in traditional medicine to treat cardiovascular diseases and painful menstruation. This study aimed to estimate the mineral composition, in vitro antioxidant properties, and Interleukin-17 (IL-17) expression levels of hydroethanolic extract (EOHE) and the powder fraction ˂ 125µ...
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Research Article
Evaluation of Physical Activity and Diet Among Type 2 Diabetics in Libreville
Aude Syntia Mbang Bengone*,
Rosalie Nikiema-Ndong,
Daniela Nsame,
Edwige Nnegue Edzo,
Alvine Sibylle Batou,
Augustin Zeba,
Edouard Nsi Emvo,
Felix Ovono Abessolo
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, March 2024
Pages:
20-28
Received:
17 January 2024
Accepted:
2 February 2024
Published:
21 February 2024
Abstract: Background: Physical activity and healthy diet can prevent or reduce risk of developing type 2 diabetes, otherwise may reduce the disease complications among diabetics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical activity and diet of type 2 diabetics in Libreville. Methods: It was a case-control study conducted at the Endocrinology Department of the University Hospital Centre of Libreville and at the Biochemistry Laboratory of the University of Health Sciences. Patients (n=272) recruited were divided in type 2 diabetics (n=136) and controls (n=136). Physical activity was assessed using WHO Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Diet was assessed using FAO Food Consumption and Diversity Scores (FCS and DDS). Results: Diabetics had higher overall physical activity than controls (19.1% vs. 10.3% respectively; p= 0.0033). Then, low activity was obtained in more than half of diabetics (80.8%). Acceptable dietary intake was more frequent in controls than in cases (78.7% vs. 51.4%, p= 0.0000). Similarly, poor dietary diversity was observed in 34.6% of diabetics versus 8.8% of controls (p= 0.0000). Several variables were associated with type 2 diabetes. These were age (p= 0.0000), TyG (p= 0.0000), triglyceridemia (p=0.0000), first and second-degree relative family history of diabetes (p=0.0030 and p=0.0020 respectively) and alcohol consumption (p= 0.0060). When stepwise linear regression was performed, dietary intake and dietary diversity scores were negatively associated with diabetes. Conclusion: This study revealed that diabetics in Libreville are intensely physically active, but that this activity needs to be reinforced and accompanied by greater dietary diversity.
Abstract: Background: Physical activity and healthy diet can prevent or reduce risk of developing type 2 diabetes, otherwise may reduce the disease complications among diabetics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical activity and diet of type 2 diabetics in Libreville. Methods: It was a case-control study conducted at the Endocrinology Dep...
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Research Article
Serum Amylase Activity in Children Living with HIV-1 at the Charles de Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital in Ouagadougou
Fabienne Marie Soudre*,
Arnaud Kouraogo,
Abdou Nombre,
Issa Tonde,
Ollo Da,
Thierry Etienne Kafando,
Asciel Laël Ouedraogo,
Delwende Job Tenkodogo,
Alice Kiba,
Raoul Karfo,
Elie Kabre,
Jean Sakande
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, March 2024
Pages:
29-34
Received:
7 February 2024
Accepted:
29 February 2024
Published:
13 March 2024
Abstract: Biological monitoring is an essential part of the management of HIV infection. The aim of this study was to assess serum amylase activity during follow-up of children living with HIV-1 (CLHIV-1) at the Charles de Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital (CHUP-CDG). This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study, with retrospective data collection from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022. Patients under 15 years of age who were being monitored for HIV-1 at CHUP-CDG and who had undergone a serum amylase assay during the study period were included. A total of 746 patients have been included, with a M/F sex ratio of 0.91 and a mean age of 8.52±4.08 years. Among CLHIV-1, 88.05% had a TCD4 lymphocyte count > 500/mm3 and 60.32% an undetectable plasma viral load (PVL). The incidence of hyperamylasemia in the study population was 57.64%. Hyperamylasemia was significantly more frequent in children aged 0-2 years (p<0.00001), in patients with a high PVL (p=0.0016) and in those on the protocol combining two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors with a protease inhibitor. Several abnormalities in serum amylase activity were detected in CLHIV-1 during the course of the study. Clinical correlation and adequate follow-up of these abnormalities are essential to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with pancreatic damage in people living with HIV.
Abstract: Biological monitoring is an essential part of the management of HIV infection. The aim of this study was to assess serum amylase activity during follow-up of children living with HIV-1 (CLHIV-1) at the Charles de Gaulle Pediatric University Hospital (CHUP-CDG). This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study, with retrospective data col...
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