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Effects of Weather and Climatic Elements on the Incidence of Pneumonia in Kaduna South Local Government Area, North Western Nigeria
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, June 2019
Pages:
126-131
Received:
17 March 2019
Accepted:
23 April 2019
Published:
29 May 2019
Abstract: This study assessed the relationship between weather and climatic elements on the incidence of pneumonia in Kaduna South Local Government Area, North Western Nigeria. The main objective of the study was to determine the incidences of pneumonia and assess its relationship with weather elements. This paper also reported on the seasonality of Weather parameters and how they can affect pneumonia occurrence in the study area. The data used were meteorological (Rainfall, Humidity and Temperature) and pneumonia records collected from Nigerian Meteorological Agency and Government General Hospital, Kakuri respectively. Multiple regression model and seasonality metrices were employed in the analysis of the data to determine the strength of relationship between the weather parameters and the frequency of pneumonia outbreak. The model run indicated that the combined effect of temperature, rainfall and humidity significantly accounts for variations in Pneumonia occurrence at different level of probability. However the weather elements could only explain 16% of the variations in the incidence of Pneumonia in the study area for the period between 2008 and 2015. The examination of the seasonal occurrence revealed that pneumonia occurred mostly in the cold & wet season and the cold & dry seasons. The study concluded that weather elements play a role in the incidence of pneumonia in the study area and should be considered along with other factors in mitigating its occurrence.
Abstract: This study assessed the relationship between weather and climatic elements on the incidence of pneumonia in Kaduna South Local Government Area, North Western Nigeria. The main objective of the study was to determine the incidences of pneumonia and assess its relationship with weather elements. This paper also reported on the seasonality of Weather ...
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Palm Trees in Kerkena Archipelago (Tunisia) Natural Heritage in Degradation
Mounira Kebaïli Tarchouna
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, June 2019
Pages:
132-138
Received:
26 April 2019
Accepted:
23 May 2019
Published:
10 June 2019
Abstract: In South Tunisia’s oases, palm trees are the main irrigated crop. However, in Kerkena, a Mediterranean archipelago located off the east coast of Tunisia, they represent a natural vegetation and a key element, along with the sea, in the natural landscape and the island’s economy. The palm tree is “the king tree of Kerkena” according to André Louis, because all of its constituents were used in traditional fishing techniques, especially fixed fisheries, and in the daily life of kerkenians. Yet today, this natural vegetation is in degradation because of natural and anthropogenic factors. Soil salinization and sea level rise are the main natural causes, while the change in the palm tree’s position in the island’s economy is what humans are responsible for. In this work, we will be treating the issue of palm trees degradation. Therefore, a first part will be dedicated to the natural causes of the deterioration of this natural heritage, a second will be an analysis of the anthropogenic factors, and a third will be devoted to the enhancement of this natural heritage to preserve it and restore its importance in the economy of the archipelago.
Abstract: In South Tunisia’s oases, palm trees are the main irrigated crop. However, in Kerkena, a Mediterranean archipelago located off the east coast of Tunisia, they represent a natural vegetation and a key element, along with the sea, in the natural landscape and the island’s economy. The palm tree is “the king tree of Kerkena” according to André Louis, ...
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What Humans Contribute to Atmospheric CO2: Comparison of Carbon Cycle Models with Observations
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, June 2019
Pages:
139-159
Received:
3 April 2019
Accepted:
11 May 2019
Published:
12 June 2019
Abstract: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assumes that the inclining atmospheric CO2 concentration over recent years was almost exclusively determined by anthropogenic emissions, and this increase is made responsible for the rising temperature over the Industrial Era. Due to the far reaching consequences of this assertion, in this contribution we critically scrutinize different carbon cycle models and compare them with observations. We further contrast them with an alternative concept, which also includes temperature dependent natural emission and absorption with an uptake rate scaling proportional with the CO2 concentration. We show that this approach is in agreement with all observations, and under this premise not really human activities are responsible for the observed CO2 increase and the expected temperature rise in the atmosphere, but just opposite the temperature itself dominantly controls the CO2 increase. Therefore, not CO2 but primarily native impacts are responsible for any observed climate changes.
Abstract: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assumes that the inclining atmospheric CO2 concentration over recent years was almost exclusively determined by anthropogenic emissions, and this increase is made responsible for the rising temperature over the Industrial Era. Due to the far reaching consequences of this assertion, in this contribution ...
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Geology, Petrology and Geochemistry of Volcanic Rocks Around Arba Minch, Southern Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, June 2019
Pages:
160-168
Received:
24 April 2019
Accepted:
28 May 2019
Published:
12 June 2019
Abstract: The study area is subpart of the southern main Ethiopian Rift and geographically bounded between UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) coordinates of 662000m-669000m latitude and 336000m-341000m longitude. The main aim of this study is to investigate the geological, petrographic and geochemical properties of volcanic rocks around Arba Minch, southern Ethiopia. Both field and laboratory analytical techniques are employed to characterize minerals and the rock types. Eight thin section samples are prepared to study petrographic properties of minerals and five best representative samples are analyzed for whole rock chemistry using ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry). Petrographically, samples from the porphyritic basalt show phenocrysts of olivine and plagioclase within the fine-grained groundmass. There are rounded to subrounded holes or vesicles that appear white under plane polarized light observations and dark under cross polarized light observations which further confirms vesicular nature of the basalt. Thin section sample from rhyolite outcrop shows phenocrysts of K-feldspar and quartz within tiny fine-grained groundmass of feldspar minerals. Aphanitic basalt, Porphyritic basalt, vesicular basalt, rhyolite and dolerite are the rock units found in the study area. The geochemical results of the analyzed samples indicate silica ranges of (48.5-60.1)%. Based geochemical classifications made, rock units are classified into rhyolite, basalt, hawaiite and mugherite rock types. Trace element analytical results show all samples lie on the within plate tectonic setting. The rare earth and trace element ratios and spider diagrams confirmed that most samples are derived from magmas of asthenospheric source with little crustal contamination.
Abstract: The study area is subpart of the southern main Ethiopian Rift and geographically bounded between UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) coordinates of 662000m-669000m latitude and 336000m-341000m longitude. The main aim of this study is to investigate the geological, petrographic and geochemical properties of volcanic rocks around Arba Minch, southern...
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Geo-Spatial Dynamics of Land Surface Temperature of Port Harcourt Metropolis and Environs: Implication for Heat Disaster Management
Nwaerema Peace,
Temi Emmanuel Ologunorisa,
Moses Okemini Nwagbara,
Ojeh Nduka Vincent
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, June 2019
Pages:
169-177
Received:
12 May 2019
Accepted:
13 June 2019
Published:
26 June 2019
Abstract: Since 1986, the rate of expansion of population and urban pavement materials in Port Harcourt metropolis and environs has generated enormous heat capable of causing disaster. This paper examines geo-spatial dynamics of Land Surface Temperature (LST) of Port Harcourt metropolis and environs from 1986 to 2018 using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) approach. To achieve this purpose, satellite data were retrieved and analyzed using the algorithm for extracting LST from Landsat 5, 7 and 8 thermal infrared sensor sources from the Google Earth Engine (GEE). The results indicate that in 1986, LST concentrated on the south-western (Bakana) and north-eastern (Oyigbo) sections of the city with temperature range of 19.27°C and 30.17°C having population of 757,022 persons. In 2003, LST concentrated on the city centre, south-western (Bakana) and north-western (Rumuekeni) segments with temperature range of 16.14°C and 34.19°C having population of 1,143,103 persons respectively. Also, in 2018 LST shifted its concentration to north-eastern and south-eastern segments of the city with a variation of 21.6°C and 35.31°C having population of 3,095,342 persons expected to experience heat related ailments such as heat stroke. The city has compromised the standard human comfort threshold of 27°C. It is recommended that there should be immediate urban greening of tree planting, de-congestion of development activities from the eastern segment of Port Harcourt city to the western segment as well as practical implementation of urban management plan without further delay.
Abstract: Since 1986, the rate of expansion of population and urban pavement materials in Port Harcourt metropolis and environs has generated enormous heat capable of causing disaster. This paper examines geo-spatial dynamics of Land Surface Temperature (LST) of Port Harcourt metropolis and environs from 1986 to 2018 using Geographic Information Systems (GIS...
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A Weighting Inversion Method of Spectrum Induced Polarization
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, June 2019
Pages:
178-189
Received:
28 December 2018
Accepted:
23 May 2019
Published:
4 July 2019
Abstract: The inversion results of complex resistivity method are four Cole-Cole model parameters. Among the four parameters, the frequency dependence and the time constant are more difficult to invert. It is necessary to study an algorithm that can invert the four Cole-Cole model parameters at the same time. In this paper, the least squares and OCCAM inversion algorithms are used to invert four Cole-Cole model parameters. In other words, two model constraints are added to the objective function. When inverting different Cole-Cole model parameters, the real and imaginary parts of the data are weighted to adjust the proportion of real part and imaginary part of data in inversion. Firstly, the formula of the algorithm is deduced. Then the theoretical models are designed for inversion trial calculation. In the inversion process, the inversion converges steadily by adjusting the Lagrange factor, and the inversion effect is improved by adjusting the weighting coefficients of real part and imaginary part. This method can get better inversion results by adjusting the proportion of the real and imaginary parts of the data in the inversion. The model trial results show that the weighting inversion algorithm significantly improves the results of the inversion of the four Cole-Cole parameters.
Abstract: The inversion results of complex resistivity method are four Cole-Cole model parameters. Among the four parameters, the frequency dependence and the time constant are more difficult to invert. It is necessary to study an algorithm that can invert the four Cole-Cole model parameters at the same time. In this paper, the least squares and OCCAM invers...
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Sedimentation Study of Sandstone Turbidite Sequence of Cinambo Formation in Maja Area, Majalengka, West Jawa – Indonesia
Yan Rizal,
Wahyu Dwijo Santoso,
Sapta Djanuismawan,
Alfend Rudyawan,
Affan Arif Nurfarhan
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, June 2019
Pages:
190-204
Received:
21 May 2019
Accepted:
27 June 2019
Published:
10 July 2019
Abstract: Administratively the study area is located in Maja Village which situated near the border of between Sumedang and Majalengka Regency, West Jawa – Indonesia. Geographically located at coordinates 108°11'28" - 108°13'42" Longitude and 6°51'28" - 6°55'30' Lattitude. In the study area the Formation Cinambo was widely distributed. Geological observation was conducted in Cirompoki River, Kadu River, and Cimaningtim River such as outcrops description and detail measuring section and rock sampling for granulometry as well as biostratigraphy analysis. The stratigraphy of Cinambo Formation is divided into Claystone-sandstone unit (facies D), Sandstone-mudstone units (facies C), Sandstone Unit (facies B) and Claystone units (facies E). This formation deposited in the mechanism of high density turbidite current. Plankton fossils showed that this formation was deposited in Middle Miocene to Early Pliocene (N11-N18) in upper bathyal environment. Integrated result of sediment profiles and granulometry showed that sedimentation of Cinambo Formation had characteristics which are: coarsening upward, etc. The vertical succession of Fm. Cinambo sandstone caused by current mechanisms of saltation, suspension, traction, that changed according to depositional environment. This formation was deposited in the outer part of submarine fan change until its middle part. Environmental change caused by influenced of eustacy in relative sea level drop.
Abstract: Administratively the study area is located in Maja Village which situated near the border of between Sumedang and Majalengka Regency, West Jawa – Indonesia. Geographically located at coordinates 108°11'28" - 108°13'42" Longitude and 6°51'28" - 6°55'30' Lattitude. In the study area the Formation Cinambo was widely distributed. Geological observation...
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A Study in the Flow of Financial Resources in the Yangtze River Delta from the Perspective of Financial Gradation Cities in Urban Agglomerations
Mingzhu Li,
Rongxin Xu,
Di Zhou
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, June 2019
Pages:
205-216
Received:
31 May 2019
Accepted:
1 July 2019
Published:
17 July 2019
Abstract: The barrier-free flow of financial resources among nodes (regions) is not only conducive to more efficient use of financial resources, but also plays an important role in alleviating the contradiction between supply and demand of regional financial resources and promoting regional economic development. Based on the theory of spatial interaction among financial gradation cities, the paper takes the expansion of commercial banks in the Yangtze River Delta as an example, and constructs the flow network of financial resources between cities. Using the social network analysis (SNA) and Dagum Gini coefficient decomposition method, the paper analyzes a series of problems such as the development of the financial resources, flow path selection and flow coordination during the period 2008- 2014. The conclusions can be drawn as follows: (i) the flow density between prefecture-level cities is the largest, which grows rapidly as time goes by, followed by county-level cities to prefecture-level cities and the flow density between other sorts of cities is relatively small. (ii) The flows of financial resources between prefecture-level cities presents typical features of homogeneous diffusion, while the flows from prefecture-level cities to counties and other sorts of cities has the feature of conditional diffusion. Flow barriers between provincial level border holds the biggest effect, followed by the differences of economic and financial development level between the prefecture- level cities and county- level cities. Among the effects of condition, Provincial-level borders have the greatest impact, followed by urban economic gaps and financial development gaps. (iii) The degree of variance in financial resource inflows within county-level cities is the largest, and the inflow of financial resources in country-level cities has a tendency of Matthew effect. It shows that in the Yangtze River Delta, the trend of integration only exists between prefecture-level central cities. Moreover, the radiation effect of central cities on its financial hinterlands is not strong which should be further strengthened. Therefore, on the one hand, the integration policy at macro-level such as "regional financial coordination policy" and "regional trust system construction" in the urban agglomeration of this region should cover the country-level cities. On the other hand, country-level cities themselves (especially the backward countries) should also make great efforts to improving the current economic and financial environment by narrowing the gap between the cities to reach the goal of Planting Phoenix trees well to attract Phoenix.
Abstract: The barrier-free flow of financial resources among nodes (regions) is not only conducive to more efficient use of financial resources, but also plays an important role in alleviating the contradiction between supply and demand of regional financial resources and promoting regional economic development. Based on the theory of spatial interaction amo...
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