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Wind Farms and Climate Change in Eurasia and America
Semen Ilyich Gordeev,
Victoria Nikolaevna Voloshina
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, February 2020
Pages:
1-7
Received:
13 November 2019
Accepted:
16 December 2019
Published:
4 January 2020
Abstract: The study of the natural phenomenon - global warming in the northern hemisphere of the planet was carried out on the basis of the definition of American climatologist Wallace Broker, which implies an increase in the average temperature of the lower layers of the atmosphere and seas associated with the industrialization of the economy. That is, these are climatic changes that have arisen under the influence of anthropogenic factors. GISMETEO RF weather data and weather maps of Eurasia and North America were also used. The main and determining factor is the massive use of wind power on the paths of cyclones. The interaction of wind farms installed on the Atlantic coast of Europe and Atlantic cyclones is simulated. The results are presented as a synoptic map for Europe.
Abstract: The study of the natural phenomenon - global warming in the northern hemisphere of the planet was carried out on the basis of the definition of American climatologist Wallace Broker, which implies an increase in the average temperature of the lower layers of the atmosphere and seas associated with the industrialization of the economy. That is, thes...
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The Progress of Dry–wet Climate Divisional Research in China
Cunjie Zhang,
Yaoming Liao,
Yanling Song
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, February 2020
Pages:
8-15
Received:
5 November 2019
Accepted:
16 December 2019
Published:
4 January 2020
Abstract: The dry–wet climate regionalization index, potential evapotranspiration calculation methods, standard and named methods of dry–wet climate regionalization, etc., since the middle of the 20th century are reviewed in this paper. Using the arid index, climate regionalization and class standards were given on the basis of former review. Then, the characteristics of wet–dry climate division were analyzed using observed data at 2207 national meteorological stations from 1981 to 2010. The results showed that the total arid area (including extreme arid, arid and semi-arid areas) was 4.692 million hm2 in China, accounting for 48.8% of the land area in China, which included 878,000 hm2 (9.1%), 2.092 million hm2 (21.8%) and 1.722 million hm2 (17.9%) for extreme arid, arid and semi-arid area, respectively. The arid areas were mainly distributed in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu and other western regions. Sub-humid area, wet area and excessive wet area accounted for 1.6%, 27.8% and 8.8% of China’s land area, respectively, mainly located in the south of the Yangtze River and Northeast China. Since 1961, the overall characteristics of dry-wet climate change in China are that the total arid areas shows a decreasing trend, while the total wet areas shows an increasing trend.
Abstract: The dry–wet climate regionalization index, potential evapotranspiration calculation methods, standard and named methods of dry–wet climate regionalization, etc., since the middle of the 20th century are reviewed in this paper. Using the arid index, climate regionalization and class standards were given on the basis of former review. Then, the chara...
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Estimation of Seismic Hazard Potential and Attendant Potential Human Fatalities from a Scenario Earthquake on the Sanchiao Fault in Northern Taiwan
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, February 2020
Pages:
16-31
Received:
19 December 2019
Accepted:
2 January 2020
Published:
9 January 2020
Abstract: In this article, the seismic hazard potential in northern Taiwan, including Taipei City, New Taipei City, Keelung City and northern Taoyuan areas are estimated in the form of peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity and Modified Mercalli Intensity as well as to assess attendant potential human fatalities from a scenario earthquake on the Sanchiao active fault in these areas. By using ground motion prediction equation method in a case of Mw6.88 resulting in the ShakeMap patterns of ground motion, showed the areas of PGA above 400 gals are located in the regions inside the yellow lines of the PGA contour map. Furthermore, the areas of PGA greater than 637 gal are located in the northern Bali and the border area of Sinjhuang and Shulin. Likewise, the high PGV area greater than 60 cm/s are located in the border area of Sinjhuang, Taishan and Shulin. In addition, from estimation of potential human fatalities for a scenario earthquake on the Sanchiao active fault, it is noted that potential fatalities increase rapidly in people above age 45. Total fatalities reach a high peak in age groups of 55–64. Another to pay special attention by Taipei City Government is the number and percentage of fatalities above age 85 are more in Taipei City with values of 419 and 8.54% than New than Taipei City with values of 319 and 5.02%. In addition, it is surprising that the number and percentage of fatalities are 1234 and 9.75%, respectively in Taoyuan City. Overall, the results of this paper will enable both local and central governments in Taiwan to take notice of potential earthquake threat in these areas, as well as to improve decision making with respect to emergency preparedness, response, and recovery activities for earthquakes in northern Taiwan.
Abstract: In this article, the seismic hazard potential in northern Taiwan, including Taipei City, New Taipei City, Keelung City and northern Taoyuan areas are estimated in the form of peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity and Modified Mercalli Intensity as well as to assess attendant potential human fatalities from a scenario earthquake on the Sanc...
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Spatiotemporal Landuse Land Cover Changes in Walmara District, Central Oromia, Ethiopia
Tokuma Urgessa,
Debissa Lemessa
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, February 2020
Pages:
32-37
Received:
8 August 2019
Accepted:
15 October 2019
Published:
17 January 2020
Abstract: The rapidly changing landuse/landcover at various scales mainly during the past recent decades have caused the degradation of biodiversity and this in turn has affected the human wellbeing in Ethiopia. However, adequate study is lacking particularly in Walmara district where intensive cereal based faming system is exerted by the rapidly increasing rural population growth. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the spatiotemoral pattern of the landuse/landcover change that has taken place in 1985 and in 2017. For this, two Landsat images (30×30m resolution) were used to analyze temporal landuse/landcover changes with the application of Geographic information system (GIS) techniques and remote sensing (RS) using Quantum GIS (version: 2.18). Here, a supervised image classification technique was applied with Maximum likelihood classification algorism. With this analysis six main landuse/land cover types namely, cropland, grassland, forest land, settlement, wetland and water body were identified. In 1985 the areas of cropland (52816ha), grass land (16755ha), forest land (4633ha), wetland (1665ha), settlement (1124ha) and waterbody (125ha), while in 2017, the areas of cropland (64984ha), grass land (2442), forest land (4329ha), wetland (1404ha), settlement (3790ha) and waterbody (170ha). These results show that over the last thirty years, in the study district, the area covered by crops has increased by 15.8%, settlement area by 3.5% while, in contrast, the areas covered by grassland has shrunk by 18.6%, forest area by 0.4% in 2017. The major reasons for such rapid changes in landuse/landcover in the study are land exploration for agricultural purpose and built ups for settlement and small scale factories. Overall, the present finding suggest the essence of devising integrated landuse policy and plan to sustainably utilize the limited land and land resources and to reduce the impact of climate change that is occurring mainly due to the unwise use of these resources.
Abstract: The rapidly changing landuse/landcover at various scales mainly during the past recent decades have caused the degradation of biodiversity and this in turn has affected the human wellbeing in Ethiopia. However, adequate study is lacking particularly in Walmara district where intensive cereal based faming system is exerted by the rapidly increasing ...
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Sandstone-Shale Geochemistry of Miocene Surma Group in Bandarban Anticline, SE Bangladesh: Implications for Provenance, Weathering, and Tectonic Setting
Md. Masidul Haque,
Mrinal Kanti Roy
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, February 2020
Pages:
38-51
Received:
27 October 2019
Accepted:
23 November 2019
Published:
14 February 2020
Abstract: The present study analyzes the geochemical composition of sandstone and shale of the Miocene Surma Group to decipher the provenance, tectonic settings and paleoweathering condition of source area in the Bandarban Anticline which is at the western margin of Indo-Burmese Hill Ranges. Statistical empirical index of chemical weathering of the sediments that have been extracted by the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to understand the weathering profile of the sediments of the study area. The PCA of the geochemical composition yields three principal components (PC–1, PC–2, and PC–3), which capture total variance 52.83%, 17.58% and 6.94%, respectively. The PC–1 shows the loss of SiO2 during weathering of preexisting source rocks; PC–2 reveals the enrichment of Na2O, CaO, and P2O5 due to leeching and carried by groundwater during weathering; highest loadings with MnO and Cr shows in PC–3 due to redox environment during early diagenetic of marine sediments. The MFW and A–CN–K diagrams show an intense weathering trend, and backward trend of the MFW diagram and the major elements provenance discriminant diagram refers to the mature polycyclic quartzes provenance and originated dominantly from felsic to intermediate igneous rocks. The trend of the SiO2/Al2O3–Na2O/K2O shows the hydraulic sorting effect and sediments were originated primarily from a recycled sedimentary provenance. The CIA (67.68–80.89), ICV (0.60–1.29, avg. 0.83) and K2O/Na2O ratios show a moderate to high maturity of the sediments and is derived from both weak and intensively weathered source rocks. Discriminate diagrams related to tectonic provenance refer to the deposit of the sediment dominantly under the influence of collision (active continental collision, compression) and mature sediment derived to the depositional basin after upliftment of the source areas after that collision.
Abstract: The present study analyzes the geochemical composition of sandstone and shale of the Miocene Surma Group to decipher the provenance, tectonic settings and paleoweathering condition of source area in the Bandarban Anticline which is at the western margin of Indo-Burmese Hill Ranges. Statistical empirical index of chemical weathering of the sediments...
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