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The Occurrence and Enrichment of Scattered Indium: A Case Study of Dachang Ore Field in Guangxi, China
Pi Qiaohui,
Lu Di Lu Di,
Yang Xiong,
Yu Huidong
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, December 2019
Pages:
303-316
Received:
13 October 2019
Accepted:
8 November 2019
Published:
14 November 2019
Abstract: The Dachang tin-polymetallic deposit, which is located in the northwestern part of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, contains great amounts of indium. But the occurrence and enrichment of indium are rather complex and not yet well understood. In this paper, the Dachang West ore belt (Tongkeng, Gaofeng) sphalerite is taken as the research object. Based on detailed field investigation and indoor microscopic observation of mineral phase, the spatial distribution law, occurrence state and relationship with main metallogenic elements of scattered elements indium were studied by means of high-precision electron probe and plasma mass spectrometry, in order to reveal its enrichment in sphalerite. The study results show that the content of scattered elements indium in the sphalerite of the Tongkeng deposit decreases with the increase of depth, while the Gaofeng deposit remains stable. Indium occurs mainly in the form of isomorphism and enters sphalerite lattice in the form of double substitution of zinc with copper, but does not exclude the possibility of indium being deposited as a sub-microinclusions. On the basis of previous studies, it is inferred that the indium-rich and copper-rich fluids produced by magma crystallization are metasomatic and enriched with the early-formed sphalerite in the late evolution of Granite Magma. The results of this study point the way to mineral processing and the search for scattered elements indium.
Abstract: The Dachang tin-polymetallic deposit, which is located in the northwestern part of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, contains great amounts of indium. But the occurrence and enrichment of indium are rather complex and not yet well understood. In this paper, the Dachang West ore belt (Tongkeng, Gaofeng) sphalerite is taken as the research object...
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Research on the Influence Depth of Soil with Different Burn Severity in the Burned Areas of E’gu Village in Yajiang County
Wang Yan,
Hu Xiewen,
Jin Tao,
Yang Ying,
Chao Xichao
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, December 2019
Pages:
317-322
Received:
21 August 2019
Published:
18 November 2019
Abstract: The high temperature caused by forest fires often leads to changes of soil properties, however, there is few detailed studies on the influence depth of soil properties caused by different fire severities. Taking the burned areas of E’Gu Village in Yajiang County as the research object, the influence depth of soil with different fire severity was revealed with the help of field and laboratory experiments in this paper. According to the research results, the influence depth of forest fire on soil natural density, bulk density and porosity is less than 2cm, and the influence depth on moisture content is more than 2cm. But only in the severely burned soil, the bulk density and porosity behaved significant differences when contrast to unburnt soil. The influence depth of lightly burn on soil water repellency was 1cm, and the influence depth of moderately and severely burn on soil water repellency is 3cm. In addition, the variation of soil repellency in burned area was in direct proportion to burn severity. The influence depth of forest fire on soil permeability is not more than 4 cm, and the influence of lightly burn on soil permeability is not significant, while in moderately and severely burned areas, the soil permeability changes significantly.
Abstract: The high temperature caused by forest fires often leads to changes of soil properties, however, there is few detailed studies on the influence depth of soil properties caused by different fire severities. Taking the burned areas of E’Gu Village in Yajiang County as the research object, the influence depth of soil with different fire severity was re...
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Comparative Effects of Basalt Dust, NPK 20-10-10 and Poultry Manure on Soil Fertility and Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) Productivity in Bafut (Cameroon Volcanic Line)
Primus Azinwi Tamfuh,
Pierre Wotchoko,
Djibril Gus Kouankap Nono,
Carine Naah Yuh Ndofor,
David Guimolaire Nkouathio,
Dieudonné Bitom
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, December 2019
Pages:
323-334
Received:
19 October 2019
Accepted:
12 November 2019
Published:
19 November 2019
Abstract: Although chemical fertilizers have boosted food production in the last century, their efficiency is limited by their low potential to remineralize and restore chemically depleted soils at long term. This work investigates the comparative effects of basalt dust, poultry manure and NPK 20-10-10 on soil fertility and cucumber performance in Bafut (North-West Cameroon). The work was done in the field and in the laboratory. The experimental plot (82 m2) was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five treatments (and three replications): control (T0), 2.5 tons ha-1 of basalt dust (T1), 20 tons ha-1 of poultry manure (T2), 0.7 tons ha-1 of NPK 20-10-10 fertilizer (T3) and 5 tons ha-1 of basalt dust (T4). The main results revealed that T0 showed a sandy clayey loam texture, acidic pH (5.1), very high organic carbon (6.4%), low total nitrogen (0.2%) and moderately available phosphorus (16.70 mg kg-1). The exchangeable complex revealed high K (1.02 cmol (+). kg-1), very low Ca (0.45 cmol (+). kg-1) and Mg2+ (0.17 cmol (+). kg-1), low Na+ (0.2 cmol (+). kg-1), very low sum of exchangeable bases (1.84 cmol (+). kg-1), very low cation exchange capacity (CEC) and a moderate base saturation (43.4%). The C/N was very high (23) indicating very poor quality organic matter and a potentially very slow mineralization rate. After treatment, pH, exchangeable bases Ca and Mg increased after harvest whereas Na and K decreased for all the treatments. The growth and yield parameters of all treatments, except number of fruits, were such that T2>T3>T4>T1>T0. The numbers of fruits were as follows: T2>T4>T3>T1>T0. The most economically viable soil treatment was attained by T2 with a profit rate (PR) of 933% and a VCR value of 10.3. Treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4 were all profitable since their value-to cost ratio (VCR)>1, but only T2 and T3 show a VCR (value-to-cost ratio) greater than 2 and are thus recommended for popularization.
Abstract: Although chemical fertilizers have boosted food production in the last century, their efficiency is limited by their low potential to remineralize and restore chemically depleted soils at long term. This work investigates the comparative effects of basalt dust, poultry manure and NPK 20-10-10 on soil fertility and cucumber performance in Bafut (Nor...
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Optimization of Soil Sampling Design Based on Road Networks – A Simulated Annealing/Neural Network Algorithm
Rong Chen,
Shishi Liu,
Yufei Yang,
Wei Huang,
Zongwei Han,
Peihong Fu
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, December 2019
Pages:
335-345
Received:
27 September 2019
Accepted:
6 November 2019
Published:
22 November 2019
Abstract: In this study, the spatial distribution pattern of the roads, historical samples, digital elevation data, and other available resources were incorporated into the design of a soil-sampling scheme to predict the soil organic matter (SOM) of the northern region of Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province, and simulated annealing (SA) was applied to optimize the sampling design. The sampling points determined after optimization were used to establish a multivariate linear regression model to adequately reproduce the intrinsic link between topographic factors and the SOM at 13 different sampling scales in areas nearby the existing roadways in the study area. The topographic factors included slope, plane curvature, profile curvature, topographic wetness index (TWI), stream power index (SPI), and sediment transport index (STI). A multilayer perceptron (MLP) model was also constructed. Comparison of the accuracy of the multivariate linear regression and MLP models demonstrated the feasibility of an optimized soil sampling design based on the road network. With the optimized sampling design, accurate soil-landscape information can be obtained, and its precision is greater than that of the original sampling scheme before optimization. The optimized sampling design obtained reduces sampling costs, increases sampling efficiency, and provides an effective method for obtaining the spatial distribution pattern of organic matter in soils.
Abstract: In this study, the spatial distribution pattern of the roads, historical samples, digital elevation data, and other available resources were incorporated into the design of a soil-sampling scheme to predict the soil organic matter (SOM) of the northern region of Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province, and simulated annealing (SA) was applied to optimize t...
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On the Apparent Relationship Between Total Solar Irradiance and the Atmospheric Temperature at 1 Bar on Three Terrestrial-type Bodies
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, December 2019
Pages:
346-351
Received:
23 October 2019
Accepted:
18 December 2019
Published:
26 December 2019
Abstract: It has been discovered that there appears to exist a close relationship between relative differences in total solar irradiance and the atmospheric temperature, at a pressure of 1 bar, on all three terrestrial-type bodies which possess thick atmospheres. The apparent relationship is through the quaternary root of total solar irradiance at 1 bar, and applies to the planetary bodies Venus, Earth and Titan. The relationship is so close that the average surface atmospheric temperature of Earth can be easily calculated to within 1 Kelvin (0.5%) of the correct figure by the knowledge of only two numbers, neither of which are related to the Earth’s atmosphere. These are; the atmospheric temperature in the Venusian atmosphere at 1 bar, and the top-of-atmosphere solar insolation of the two planets. A similar relationship in atmospheric temperatures is found to exist, through insolation differences alone, between the atmospheric temperatures at 1 bar of the planetary bodies Titan and Earth, and Venus and Titan. This relationship exists despite the widely varying atmospheric greenhouse gas content, and the widely varying albedos of the three planetary bodies. This result is consistent with previous research with regards to atmospheric temperatures and their relationship to the molar mass version of the ideal gas law, in that this work also points to a climate sensitivity to CO2 - or to any other ‘greenhouse’ gas - which is close to or at zero. It is more confirmation that the main determinants of atmospheric temperatures in the regions of terrestrial planetary atmospheres which are >0.1 bar, is overwhelmingly the result of two factors; solar insolation and atmospheric pressure. There appears to be no measurable, or what may be better termed ‘anomalous’ warming input from a class of gases which have up until the present, been incorrectly labelled as ‘greenhouse’ gases.
Abstract: It has been discovered that there appears to exist a close relationship between relative differences in total solar irradiance and the atmospheric temperature, at a pressure of 1 bar, on all three terrestrial-type bodies which possess thick atmospheres. The apparent relationship is through the quaternary root of total solar irradiance at 1 bar, and...
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Main Diagenesis of Middle-lower Ordovician of Yubei Area in Tarim Basin
Zhao Hanting,
Wang Zongqi,
Liu Juan
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 6, December 2019
Pages:
352-358
Received:
22 November 2019
Published:
26 December 2019
Abstract: The Ordovician in Yubei area is an important target and production layer of marine carbonate exploration in Tarim Basin. In order to understand the reservoir distribution and therefore to promote exploration, by means of analysis of cores, rock sections, casting sections, logging data of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the Yubei area, the reservoir petrology, diagenesis types and characteristics of the carbonate rocks in the study area are systematically studied, and the identification marks, development rules of various diagenesis and their influence on the formation of the reservoir are summarized. The results show that the carbonate reservoir in the study area is mainly composed of 4 types: mud micrite limestone, grain limestone, biological limestone and dolomitic limestone. In combination with core photos and imaging logging analysis，reservoir can be divided into pores and cracks, which are fracture type and fracture pore type. The diagenesis types of carbonate rocks in study area are complex and diverse, mainly including compaction, pressolution, cementation, filling, recrystallization, dolomitization, dissolution. To sum up, the main constructive diagenesis include recrystallization, dolomitization, dissolution, otherwise the main destructive diagenesis include compaction, pressolution, cementation, filling. The above research results on the diagenesis of carbonate rocks has a certain role in promoting the development of oil and gas exploration in the central Tarim Basin.
Abstract: The Ordovician in Yubei area is an important target and production layer of marine carbonate exploration in Tarim Basin. In order to understand the reservoir distribution and therefore to promote exploration, by means of analysis of cores, rock sections, casting sections, logging data of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the Yubei area, the reserv...
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