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Depositional Controls on the Quality of Clastic Reservoirs: A Review
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
70-82
Received:
18 February 2021
Accepted:
8 March 2021
Published:
27 May 2021
Abstract: A comprehensive review of important data from eighty-one clastic reservoirs across the world has yielded important conclusions on the relationship between the depositional environments and clastic reservoir quality. High porosity and permeability have significant controls on the amount of hydrocarbon recoverable in clastic reservoirs, but they may not necessarily guarantee the highest possible recoverable. Permeability can vary very significantly with the same porosity and sometimes the highest permeability does not necessarily occur with the highest porosity. There is a drastic reduction in porosity at depth greater than 3450m regardless of the depositional environment. Gas reservoirs have tendency to recover higher amount of hydrocarbon at relatively lower porosity and permeability when compared to oil reservoirs. The present review suggests that an oil reservoir with porosity of about 20% and a permeability of around 1100mD may recover about 43.6% of oil in place provided all other necessary geologic factors are in place. Gas reservoirs are likely to recover more than 43.6% with similar or lower porosity and permeability. This review will serve as a useful guide to petroleum geologists and sedimentologists in understanding the quality of clastic reservoirs in different environments.
Abstract: A comprehensive review of important data from eighty-one clastic reservoirs across the world has yielded important conclusions on the relationship between the depositional environments and clastic reservoir quality. High porosity and permeability have significant controls on the amount of hydrocarbon recoverable in clastic reservoirs, but they may ...
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The Implications of Spatial Variations in Geographic Location, Geology and Pedology on Food Security in the Southeast Nigeria
Ikpong Sunday Umo,
Angela Iweka Enwereuzor
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
83-89
Received:
26 April 2021
Accepted:
13 May 2021
Published:
27 May 2021
Abstract: The explanation of the associations and variations in geographic location, pedology and geologic formations for effective policy framework towards sustainability food production in Southeast Nigeria is the central objective of this study. The study area was stratified into five states. Data on textural classes were systematically collected from three states and at eight sampled points using commerce, wetland and non-wet land agricultural areas as indices and analyzed using laboratory and geo-spatial tools. The results indicated that pedologic characteristics of the study area vary with geographic spaces but particle size was dominated by sandy loam. The multivariate analysis of variance, tests of variations, homogeneity, and overlapping variances revealed that variations among geographic space and geologic formations have significant effect on the distribution of pedologic characteristics in the Southeast. Also, the spatial variabilities of geographic location, geology, and pedology in the southeast suggest dynamics in land capability class for crop yields which constitute major issue to agricultural development and the corresponding food security. The dominance of sandy loam soil is an indicator of the prevalence of class A and class B land (soils) while qualitative interview affirmed that most farmers still relied on the natural fertility of the soil for crop production, but the quality and quantity of their produced were often hampered by traditional/small size holdings. To sustain food security for the teeming population, this study recommended for massive evaluation of physicochemical and bio-geochemical properties of soil in the Southeast to provide basis for farmers’ choice of crops; creation of more awareness and education of farmers on the type of crops that can yield better under certain pedo-geographic and geologic formations.
Abstract: The explanation of the associations and variations in geographic location, pedology and geologic formations for effective policy framework towards sustainability food production in Southeast Nigeria is the central objective of this study. The study area was stratified into five states. Data on textural classes were systematically collected from thr...
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Yakutia as One of the Richest in Natural Resources Regions of the Russian Federation
Victor Marshintsev,
Vitaly Gadiyatov
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
90-94
Received:
5 May 2021
Accepted:
26 May 2021
Published:
3 June 2021
Abstract: The paper presents the analysis of the territory study on the presence of minerals in Yakutia. The purpose of this analysis was to summarize the data on the main deposits located in different geographic regions of the republic. The article provides a scientific review of the current state of the mineral resource base of Yakutia, including general information about the region, geological structure, and the largest mineral deposits. In addition, statistical data on the number of deposits and their reserves are given. The problem of the natural resources usage, as well as the subsoil distribution and rent income, is touched upon. The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is one of the largest regions of the Russian Federation, more than half of which is located beyond the Arctic Circle. Despite the harsh climate, significant reserves of various minerals are concentrated in Yakutia. There are large reserves of oil, natural gas, coal, diamonds, gold, silver, tin, niobium, uranium ore and other mineral resources. A number of deposits are unique and large. They include Chayandinskoye oil and gas condensate field, Deputatskoye and Terekhtyakhskoye tin-bearing deposits, Agylkinskoye tungsten deposit, Nezhdaninskoye gold ore deposit, Sarylakhskoye and Sentachanskoye gold-antimony deposits and other deposits of silver, rare metals, uranium and other minerals. Of the 35 explored hydrocarbon deposits, 15 are oil and gas condensates, 11 are gas condensates, 2 are oil and gas deposits, and 7 are gas ones. Explored reserves of diamonds in the Yakutian diamondiferous province account for 73.5% (150 deposits) of the Russian Federation reserves, gold - 12.3% (815 deposits). Mining forms about half of the gross regional product of Yakutia. At the same time the republic ranks 7th in the country, while the life quality of the local population takes about 70th place.
Abstract: The paper presents the analysis of the territory study on the presence of minerals in Yakutia. The purpose of this analysis was to summarize the data on the main deposits located in different geographic regions of the republic. The article provides a scientific review of the current state of the mineral resource base of Yakutia, including general i...
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Using Oscillatory Processes in Northern Hemisphere Proxy Temperature Records to Forecast Industrial-era Temperatures
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
95-117
Received:
24 May 2021
Accepted:
7 June 2021
Published:
16 June 2021
Abstract: The validity and interpretation of differing representations of proxy temperature profiles from the past 2,000 years for the northern hemisphere remains controversial. One perspective of temperatures over the past 1,000 years embodies a major oscillation with a peak corresponding with the Medieval Warm Period (MWP), a trough representing the Little Ice Age (LIA) and subsequent increasing temperatures to the present. An alternate temperature perspective, known as the “hockey stick” exhibits a slow long-term cooling trend downward from about 1000 AD to about 1900 AD, followed by relatively rapid warming in the 20th century and is a prominent feature in describing the apparent climate crisis. The present study, using spectral analysis, shows that both types of profile have a dominant millennial oscillation and a set of lower power centennial and decadal oscillations. The key difference in determination of development of the proxy temperature profile into either a hockey stick or MWP_LIA cycle is the phase alignments of centennial and decadal oscillations with respect to the millennial oscillation. In both cases, the resultant sine waves from spectral analysis up to 1880 AD can be used to train a an artificial neural network using oscillatory data corresponding to the pre-industrial era, then forecasting temperatures into the 20th century, enabling an estimation of natural and anthropogenic contributions to recent warming. The limitations of highly complex general circulation models that do not to adequately incorporate oscillatory patterns in temperatures may be a compelling reason to promote more extensive use of forecasting with established machine learning techniques such as ANNs.
Abstract: The validity and interpretation of differing representations of proxy temperature profiles from the past 2,000 years for the northern hemisphere remains controversial. One perspective of temperatures over the past 1,000 years embodies a major oscillation with a peak corresponding with the Medieval Warm Period (MWP), a trough representing the Little...
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Research of Functional and Technological Properties of Persimmon Fruits as an Object of Drying
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
118-127
Received:
20 May 2021
Accepted:
3 June 2021
Published:
21 June 2021
Abstract: Persimmon fruits should be initially quite hard, so that they can not only be easily peeled, but also fastened with a strong rope for the closely adjacent stems and dried for a month or two under a canopy. Despite the extensive nature of this process, farmers are used to this artisanal method and the small profit it can provide in those 3-4 post-harvest weeks, as long as the persimmon can remain firm. The aim of this work was to develop more efficient alternative drying methods that allow drying persimmons in an accelerated mode and at all stages of its post-harvest storage. The objects of the study were the fruits of the cultivars "Hachiya" and "Hiakume", grown in the experimental farm of the Research İnstitute of Horticulture and Tea Industry (Guba, Azerbaijan). The method of creating the final products was used, based on taking into account the physical and chemical changes that occur in the persimmon during its maturation. It was found that the natural balance between lecoanthocyanins (the most tart among polyphenols), protopectin, which refers to insoluble dietary fiber and easily digestible carbohydrates, does not provide the best color and taste of 100% dried persimmon from early solid raw materials. Slicing slices of hard fruit into slices 2-3 mm thick and holding the slices for 10-15 minutes in solutions of table salt and sugar allows you to improve their color and taste initially. Aged softened fruits are amazingly delicious and without additives. Taking into account these and other revealed facts, technologies were developed for obtaining natural chips from solid persimmons, and 100% dried persimmons from softened persimmons. Calculations have shown that the proposed technologies are cost-effective and promising for wide application.
Abstract: Persimmon fruits should be initially quite hard, so that they can not only be easily peeled, but also fastened with a strong rope for the closely adjacent stems and dried for a month or two under a canopy. Despite the extensive nature of this process, farmers are used to this artisanal method and the small profit it can provide in those 3-4 post-ha...
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Deep Geological Characteristics and Ore Predition of Vein 175 in Linglong Gold Field in Jiaodong Area, Shandong Province
Zhu Suizhou,
Chu Zhaobo,
Li Lingbin,
Miao Shuli,
Xu Jian
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
128-135
Received:
31 May 2021
Accepted:
10 June 2021
Published:
21 June 2021
Abstract: Located on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, Jiaodong gold concentration area is one of the world's famous gold deposit areas. Its unique metallogenic environment and metallogenic background are favored by geologists of all countries, multi-level and multi-disciplinary scientific research work has been carried out in this area, and good results have been achieved. Linglong gold deposit, located 20 km northeast of Zhaoyuan, Shandong, is a quartz vein type gold deposit. Its veins are controlled by Linglong and Batouqing fault, and vein groups are developed in the area, there are 36, 48, 47, 53, 55, 108 and vein groups 175, among which vein group 175 is one of the main large vein group in Linglong Gold Mine. With the continuous exploitation and utilization of the shallow resources in Linglong Gold Mine, the amount of gold resources kept in Linglong Gold Mine has decreased sharply, and the enterprises are facing the situation of serious shortage of resources. In order to prolong the service life of mines, it is urgent to enlarge the geological reserves of gold deposits and to increase the prospecting and prospecting efforts in deep areas. In this paper are sunnarized the geological and metallogenic backgroud and geologcal characteristics of the ore vein groups 175 and ore-control factor, occurrence pattern of ore body and ore types are analyzed and metalogenic pattern described. Based on prospecting works in which ore is encountered gold ore reserve 192.44×104t (332+333) and gold metal reserve 8.5t are predicted by geologic block method bellow -800m level beteen line 11-101.
Abstract: Located on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, Jiaodong gold concentration area is one of the world's famous gold deposit areas. Its unique metallogenic environment and metallogenic background are favored by geologists of all countries, multi-level and multi-disciplinary scientific research work has been carried out in this area, and good results ...
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Reidentifying Depositional, Solifluction, “String Lobe” Landforms as Erosional, Topographic, Steps & Risers Formed by Paleo-Snowdunes in Pennsylvania, USA
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
136-144
Received:
13 May 2021
Accepted:
9 June 2021
Published:
30 June 2021
Abstract: A controversy arises concerning relict, ubiquitous, depositional, solifluction, “string lobe” landforms in the Ridge and Valley province of Pennsylvania, reported by other investigators. A distinguishment is made here by defending an original interpretation of the particular landforms which identified these as snowdune meltwater-eroded depressions formed within colluvium during cold phases of the Pleistocene Epoch. Hence, the landforms are reassessed as “steps & risers” in this study which is jargon associated with nival erosion. The reidentification is warranted in the study because of multiple lines of evidence including: the landforms’ detailed geomorphology and sedimentology; the landforms having a highly, unusual, very repetitive, NE-SW orientation; and the landforms incurring a striking, gravity-defying, characteristic of running-water erosion repeatedly occurring irrespective of the steepest part of the general slope. Besides the evidence offered here, the study also gives insight, resolutions and re-confirmations in order to establish absolute identification while differentiating between discussed, periglacial, relict landforms. An agreement is reached however, regarding actual, true solifluction landforms occurring only on slopes that point in a particular, general direction.
Abstract: A controversy arises concerning relict, ubiquitous, depositional, solifluction, “string lobe” landforms in the Ridge and Valley province of Pennsylvania, reported by other investigators. A distinguishment is made here by defending an original interpretation of the particular landforms which identified these as snowdune meltwater-eroded depressions ...
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