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Study on the Nutritional Status of the Street Children at Shabagh Area of Dhaka City
Mesbah Uddin Talukder,
Md. Mahbubul Alam,
Md. Ariful Islam,
Gowranga Kumar Paul,
Md. Torikul Islam,
Farhana Akther
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2015
Pages:
240-245
Received:
28 February 2015
Accepted:
12 March 2015
Published:
24 March 2015
Abstract: Malnutrition is a major health problem; especially in developing countries and it is the gravest single threat to global public health. Malnutrition is by far the major contributor of child mortality across the globe. A non experimental, descriptive action research with a multi-methodological approach study was carried out to assess nutritional status, socio-demographic condition and associated factors of the selected street children of Dhaka City. This study was conducted among 120 street children at Shabagh area in Dhaka city. All of the respondents were boys, and aged between 6-18 years. Methods included on site observation, completion of a standard demographic questionnaire, a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire and anthropometric measurements. The nutritional status indicated that, 61.7% of the children were underweight and 38.3% of the children were healthy. According to this study about 31.7% were involved with different types of work and also 68.7% were not involved with any kind of work. Majority (87.5%) of the street children ate three times a day followed by another 12.5% having two meals a day.With respect to sources of drinking water, most (63.3%) of the respondents took drinking water from tube wells, while 36.7% of the respondents took drinking water from the WASA/Supply. Most (86.7%) of the respondents washed their hands before eating and 60.8% of them suffered from a disease in the 3 months prior to the study. It is necessary to design interventions that will prevent children from coming to the streets.
Abstract: Malnutrition is a major health problem; especially in developing countries and it is the gravest single threat to global public health. Malnutrition is by far the major contributor of child mortality across the globe. A non experimental, descriptive action research with a multi-methodological approach study was carried out to assess nutritional sta...
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Determination of Nutritional Status of Under-Five Year Children Employing Multiple Interrelated Contributing Factors in Southern Part of Bangladesh
Rajib Kanti Roy,
Md Shahajahan Matubbar,
Md Kamruzzaman,
Asad Ud-Daula
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2015
Pages:
264-272
Received:
20 February 2015
Accepted:
25 March 2015
Published:
31 March 2015
Abstract: Objectives: Children under-five years are more vulnerable and susceptible to malnutrition especially in the coastal region. Therefore, this study sought to find out the contributing factors of malnutrition among under-five children in coastal region of Bangladesh.Study Design: It is descriptive type cross-sectional study.Methods: Anthropometric methods and structured questionnaires were used to collect required data. Nutritional status was measured using Z score according to WHO classification.175 children (6-59 months) and their householdin Barguna district was considered for study subjects. Results and discussion:Only 5.7% children were introduced with colostrum and 25.71% followed exclusive breast feeding. The rate of literacy was found to be higher in father (85.1%) as compared to mother (39.4%). 68.6% children are suffering from underweight whereas the percentage of wasting and stunting children were found to 40.6% and 60% respectively. Breastfeeding practice and monthly family income were significantly associated with wasting, stunting and underweight. Children who were not exclusively breast fed had higher rate of moderate wasting (59.5%), stunting (70.5%) and underweight (74.6%). Children with illiterate father were found to have more odd value of having wasting, stunting and underweight compared to literate father. Furthermore, early age (6-24 month) of children are more susceptible for malnutrition as compared to the age (25-59 months) of children. Conclusions: Children are underweight and stunting due to the insufficient breast feeding practice, father’s education, monthly income of families and sanitary practices. Therefore, community nutrition and public health education are early demands for the people in the coastal area.
Abstract: Objectives: Children under-five years are more vulnerable and susceptible to malnutrition especially in the coastal region. Therefore, this study sought to find out the contributing factors of malnutrition among under-five children in coastal region of Bangladesh.Study Design: It is descriptive type cross-sectional study.Methods: Anthropometric met...
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A Study on Anemia Related Knowledge Among Adolescent Girls.
Priyanka Pareek,
Asfia Hafiz
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2015
Pages:
273-276
Received:
8 March 2015
Accepted:
22 March 2015
Published:
31 March 2015
Abstract: To determine the nutritional knowledge among adolescent girls the study was undertaken on 100 adolescent junior college students of Hyderabad. A questionnaire has been developed to collect the demographic profile of the subjects, food habits of the subjects and food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used. Most of the subjects were within the age range of 15-17yrs, living in nuclear family, having non vegetarian food habits and belong to middle income group. The mean height and weight of the subjects was156.4±5.98cm and 46.2±8.28 kg. 63% of the subjects were normal and 33% subjects were underweight. Most of the subjects were having faulty food habits; 60% of subjects eat out once a week followed by23% subjects eat out twice a week and most of them preferred to eat fast foods and carbonated beverages. Only 25% of the subjects were having good knowledge about anemia. The results show that the nutrition education intervention is required for the adolescent girls to create awareness and to disseminate the knowledge related to the prevention and control of anemia.
Abstract: To determine the nutritional knowledge among adolescent girls the study was undertaken on 100 adolescent junior college students of Hyderabad. A questionnaire has been developed to collect the demographic profile of the subjects, food habits of the subjects and food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used. Most of the subjects were within the age ra...
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Under Nutrition and Associated Factors Among Under-Five Age Children of Kunama Ethnic Groups in Tahtay Adiyabo Woreda, Tigray Regional State, Ethiopia: Community based study
Mekides Wondemeneh Tamiru,
Belachew Etana Tolessa,
Semaw Ferede Abera
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2015
Pages:
277-288
Received:
12 March 2015
Accepted:
29 March 2015
Published:
9 April 2015
Abstract: Child under-nutrition is one of the most serious public health problems in Ethiopia. According to Demographic and Health Survey of 2011 about 44% of children were stunted, 29% underweight and 10% were wasted nationally, which is the highest in the world. So the aim of this study was to assess prevalence of under nutrition and associated factors among children under-five years of age Kunama ethnic group, Tahtay Adiyabo District, Tigray region, Ethiopia .A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 219 under-five age children of Kunama Ethic group. Study participants were selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaire by interviewing mothers of child and by taking anthropometric measurements (weight and heights) of each child. Data was entered using EPi-info software and analyzed by SPSS version 16. The anthropometric data were analyzed by ENA for SMART 2011 soft ware. Bivariate and multi variable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify associated factors and P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant for all tests. About 57.1%, 37.4% and 17.8% of children were stunted, underweight and wasted respectively. Stunting had association with family size [AOR=4.359; 95% CI; (1.179-16.114)] and family monthly income [AOR=0.028; 95% CI; (.006-.130)]. In addition, paternal education [AOR=0.170; 95% CI; (0.031-0.932)], parity [AOR=3.379; 95% CI; (1.083-10.548)] and modern family planning utilization [AOR=10.740; 95% CI; (2.734-32.188)] were found to be associated factors for underweight. The only predictor of wasting in this study was presence of diarrhea during last month before the data collection period [AOR= 9.737; 95%CI; (2.406-13.407)]. Under nutrition is found to be highly prevalent in the area and it is an important public health problem among Kunama children aged 6-59 months. Therefore, especial attention should be given on nutritional interventions and health related services by conducting continuous nutrition surveillance.
Abstract: Child under-nutrition is one of the most serious public health problems in Ethiopia. According to Demographic and Health Survey of 2011 about 44% of children were stunted, 29% underweight and 10% were wasted nationally, which is the highest in the world. So the aim of this study was to assess prevalence of under nutrition and associated factors amo...
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Determinants of Early Initiation of Breastfeeding Among Mothers: The Case of Raya Kobo District, Northeast Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2015
Pages:
289-294
Received:
26 February 2015
Accepted:
17 March 2015
Published:
17 April 2015
Abstract: Background: Breastfeeding is recommended as proper infant and young child feeding practice that should be initiated within the first hour after birth. Early initiation of breastfeeding protects newborns from early neonatal mortality, hence it is important to meet the millennium development goal. Methods: Quantitative community based cross-sectional study was employed on systematically selected 633 mothers of children aged less than 24 months. Descriptive statistics, binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to identify the factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding practices. The strength of the association was measured by odds ratio, and p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding in Raya Kobo district was 71.7% (95% CI: 68.10, 75.30). Mothers who had formal education were two times (AOR: 1.8; 95% CI (1.10, 2.95)) more likely to initiate breastfeeding early compared to those who had no formal education. Compared to mothers whose husbands lack formal education, mothers with husbands having formal education were (AOR: 1.9; 95% CI (1.04, 3.51)) more likely to introduce breastfeeding early. Compared to mothers who fed prelacteal, those who did not practice prelacteal feeding were 2.4 times (AOR: 2.4; 95% CI (1.61, 3.53)) more likely to initiate breastfeeding early. Mothers who fed their children with colostrum (AOR: 2.1; 95% CI (1.23, 3.53)) were more likely to initiate breastfeeding early compared to those who discarded colostrum. Conclusion: In Raya Kobo district five in seven children benefited from early initiation of breastfeeding. Giving colostrum, avoiding prelacteal feeding, maternal and paternal attendances of formal education were positively associated with early initiation of breastfeeding. Considering health education on the importance of early initiation of breastfeeding and building women empowerment on proper newborn feeding practices are important in the promotion of early initiation of breastfeeding.
Abstract: Background: Breastfeeding is recommended as proper infant and young child feeding practice that should be initiated within the first hour after birth. Early initiation of breastfeeding protects newborns from early neonatal mortality, hence it is important to meet the millennium development goal. Methods: Quantitative community based cross-sectional...
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The Preventive Approach of Biocompounactives (3): A Review in Recent Advances in Cereals and Some Animal-Based Foods
Abdelkarim Guaâdaoui,
Fatma Bouhtit,
Mounir Cherfi,
Abdellah Hamal
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2015
Pages:
295-309
Received:
28 March 2015
Accepted:
9 April 2015
Published:
18 April 2015
Abstract: Biocompounactives are compounds which have the capability and the ability to interact with one or more component(s) of the living tissue by presenting a wide range of probable effects. They contain chemicals that are found in small quantities in plants and certain foods (such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, oils and whole grains); and they have actions in the body that can promote good health. All scientific studies confirm that a varied and balanced diet is a factor in protection against cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, osteoporosis, obesity and high cholesterol. The philosophy that food can be a health promoting beyond its nutritional value is gaining acceptance in the public arena and among the scientific community as mounting research links diet/food components to disease prevention and treatment. In this work, we complete the discussion of the preventive approach of biocompounactives, and opportunities that present bioactivity of cereals and some animal-based foods phytochemicals to prevent many chronic diseases. As well, we finish discussing some challenges related to the evaluation of biological activity by some studies presenting important limitations that must be considered before using data types in the interpretation and extrapolation of phytochemicals bioactivities to Humans.
Abstract: Biocompounactives are compounds which have the capability and the ability to interact with one or more component(s) of the living tissue by presenting a wide range of probable effects. They contain chemicals that are found in small quantities in plants and certain foods (such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, oils and whole grains); and they have action...
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Bioactivation of Carbonated Mineral Water with Passion Fruit Microcapsules
Morais A. B. L.,
Xavier A. C. R.,
Silva G. F.,
Silva M. A. A. P.,
Pagani A. A. C.
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2015
Pages:
310-319
Received:
19 January 2015
Accepted:
9 April 2015
Published:
18 April 2015
Abstract: The ionic gelation is a technique of microencapsulation by a reaction between a polymer solution and an ionic solution. This technique can protect the nutraceutical bioactive compounds. This study used the process of ionic gelation solution with sodium alginate in order to obtain a new product: a bioactive water from passion fruit microcapsules placed in the carbonated mineral water. The physical-chemical, microbiological stability, and migration of the bioactive compounds of microcapsule for water for 35 days at 5 ± 1 °C was verified. For the microcapsules, it was possible to verify that the levels of ascorbic acid and carotenoids decreased during the storage period, and phenols remained constant (p≤0,05). Microcapsules and water presented balance of the ascorbic acid, carotenoids and phenols levels (p≤0,05). This result indicates migration of the bioactive compounds of the microcapsule to water and consequently the bioactivation of carbonated mineral water.
Abstract: The ionic gelation is a technique of microencapsulation by a reaction between a polymer solution and an ionic solution. This technique can protect the nutraceutical bioactive compounds. This study used the process of ionic gelation solution with sodium alginate in order to obtain a new product: a bioactive water from passion fruit microcapsules pla...
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Development and Assessment of Conformance of Cowpea Flour for Cake Production
Agboka Judith Akosua,
Kpodo Fidelis Mawunyo Kwasi,
Dzah Courage Sedem,
Mensah Christopher
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2015
Pages:
320-325
Received:
16 January 2015
Accepted:
10 April 2015
Published:
18 April 2015
Abstract: Cowpea is a nutritious component in human diet as well as livestock feed. It is of major importance to the livelihoods of millions of people in developing countries because it is an important source of proteins, minerals and vitamins. The leaves, pods and seeds of cowpea are consumed. This study explored the feasibility of preparing a Supreme Quality Cowpea Flour (SQCF) as a substitute for wheat flour for the preparation of cakes. Development of the composite cowpea-wheat flour followed a 3 x 2 factorial design with cowpea-wheat proportions (100%:0%, 75%:25% and 50%:50%) and heat treatments (150 and 200 oC) as factors. The composite flour produced was then used to produce cake and evaluated sensorially based on ranking for preference. Hundred percent (100%) wheat flour cake was used as control. The composite flour with proportion 50%:50% cowpea: wheat baked at 200 oC produced the most preferred cake which was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in terms of taste (7.22±2.01) and overall acceptability (7.03±1.82) when compared with the taste (6.67±1.84) and overall acceptability (6.80 ±1.81) of the control. The application of this by industry will encourage the use of cowpea, a readily available legume for the production of cake.
Abstract: Cowpea is a nutritious component in human diet as well as livestock feed. It is of major importance to the livelihoods of millions of people in developing countries because it is an important source of proteins, minerals and vitamins. The leaves, pods and seeds of cowpea are consumed. This study explored the feasibility of preparing a Supreme Quali...
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Antimicrobial Activity of Bacteriocins Isolated from Lactic Acid Bacteria Against Resistant Pathogenic Strains
Muhammad Zahid,
Muhammad Ashraf,
Muhammad Arshad,
Ghulam Muhammad,
Aqeela Yasmin,
Hafiz Muhammad Adnan Hameed
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2015
Pages:
326-331
Received:
19 March 2015
Accepted:
8 April 2015
Published:
18 April 2015
Abstract: This study was carried out to treat the microbial diseases in natural way and reduced the antibiotic resistance pressure. Five species of Lactic acid bacteria namely, L. acidophilus, L. bulgaricus, L. dulbrueckii L. plantarum, and L. fermentum, were isolated from locally produced yogurt. Bacteriocins were isolated from MRS broth culture of theses Lactic acid bacteria through the ammonium sulphate precipitation method. Extracted bacteriocins were tested against test strain i.e E.coli ATCC 25922 to obtain optimum pH, storage temperature and heating temperature for maximum antibacterial activity. For this (2-12) pH range, storage temperatures (-20 °C, 4 °C and 37 °C for 1 month) and heating temperatures (60 °C, 100 °C and 121 °C for 15 minutes) were tested. Later the antibacterial activity of these bacteriocins were tested at concluded optimum conditions against each other as well as against different locally isolated pathogens viz. Methicillin-Resistant-Staphylococcus-aureus, E.coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus by using well diffusion agar method. It was found that bacteriocins activities were maximum at pH 6 and 4 °C storage temperature. Maximum activity was found after heating bacteriocins at 60 °C as compared to 100 °C and 121 °C. Bacteriocins of lactobacilli were harmless against each other at any pH, heat temperatures and storage temperatures. Antibacterial activity of bacteriocins extracted from L.acidophilus showed maximum activity against pathogenic bacteria as compare to others. The present study has highlighted the antibacterial role of bacteriocins isolated from Lactic acid bacteria by indicating their potential to treat a variety of human and animal diseases.
Abstract: This study was carried out to treat the microbial diseases in natural way and reduced the antibiotic resistance pressure. Five species of Lactic acid bacteria namely, L. acidophilus, L. bulgaricus, L. dulbrueckii L. plantarum, and L. fermentum, were isolated from locally produced yogurt. Bacteriocins were isolated from MRS broth culture of theses L...
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The Effect of Cooking and Fermentation on the Functional and Nutritional Properties of Walnut and Maize
Mojisola Adenike Oyarekua,
Emmanuel Olufemi Bankefa
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2015
Pages:
332-342
Received:
4 April 2015
Accepted:
17 April 2015
Published:
27 April 2015
Abstract: Walnuts locally called ‘asala’or ‘awusa’ are eaten after boiling and maize which is fermented in the production of gruels called ‘ogi’ a widely utilized complementary food, shows qualitative and quantitative deficiency in protein content. The objective of this work is to co-ferment raw maize and walnut and also cooked walnut and maize to get low cost infant complementary foods of improved nutritional quality which might address malnutrition in infants. The mixture was prepared by co-fermenting 300g cooked walnut with 700g raw maize w/w (CWM) for 72h at 30OC. After 72h each product was wet- milled, sieved and dried at 60oC. Resultant flour was analyzed for: Proximate composition, minerals, anti-nutrients, amino acids, fatty acids, phospholipids, sterols contents and consistency using standard methods. The pH of (RW/M) dropped more drastically from 6 to 5 at 12h to 72h than that of (CW/M). RW/M had higher values of ash (0.98), moisture (12.74), crude protein (10.72), crude fiber (4.63), ether extract (2.53), CHO (68.4) and energy (2824) than CWM. Cooking reduced the proximate composition. RWM was more enhanced in most amino acids, minerals, mystric, stearic, and linoleic acids. CW/M had more reduced values of oxalate, saponin, alkaloid, flavanoid and higher phytate. Phytin than RW/M. The values of total phenol in both samples were comparable. RW/M could serve as infant complementary food of improved nutritional quality. Bacillus pumilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Leuconostocmesenteroide and Saccharomyces cerevisiaewere isolated from the fermented foods.
Abstract: Walnuts locally called ‘asala’or ‘awusa’ are eaten after boiling and maize which is fermented in the production of gruels called ‘ogi’ a widely utilized complementary food, shows qualitative and quantitative deficiency in protein content. The objective of this work is to co-ferment raw maize and walnut and also cooked walnut and maize to get low co...
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Roles of Rural Women in Livelihood and Sustainable Food Security in Ethiopia: A Case Study from Delanta Dawunt District, North Wollo Zone
Nahusenay A.,
Tessfaye T.
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2015
Pages:
343-355
Received:
1 April 2015
Accepted:
22 April 2015
Published:
6 May 2015
Abstract: This study was conducted at Delanta Dawunt District, which was characterized by high population density, recurrent drought and food insecurity. By so doing, it has assessed the various ranges of activities that are performed by women and identified the overall problems encountered by women. To these end, attempts have been made by rural women to identify their roles in livelihood and sustainable food security in Ethiopia in general and the Delanta Dawunt District in particular. The study was conducted by taking four sampled rural local districts from a total of 44 local districts. Household surveys were made by taking 160 women and 40 men. The interviewees were selected using stratified random sampling technique in 50 households from each local district. The data were analyzed using percentage, mean score, cumulative frequency and Chi-Square tests. As the results shown, women were more participating in a wide range of poverty alleviation. They were food producers and providers in Delanta Dawunt District. Despite their fundamental roles in agricultural sectors and sustainable food security, women have been marginalized for so long. Among the total respondents, about 85, 80, 71 and 54 % of the respondents stated that women were more venerable for quality and quantity of food, water, health services and fuel wood, respectively and 65% of adults (women) ate twice per day (mornings and evenings). This occurred under the normal and good harvesting seasons. In terms of agro-ecology, two meals per day were more common in Woina Dega (72%), Dega (70%) and Kolla (46%). In general, women have limited access of dietary composition of nutritional meals in the study area. Among the crop production activities, storage preparation (92%) and storing processes (83%) were mainly performed by women, weeding, harvesting and post-harvesting, and threshing field preparation tasks shared equally with men by 53, 50 and 83%, respectively. With respect to livestock management, women have taken a lion’s share. Of the livestock management tasks, milk processing 83%), caring of new borne animals (52%) and barn cleaning (63%), and almost all the household duties were predominantly performed by women. Women have also limited access of agricultural products, credit facilities, skill training, education, extension services and information. To strengthen and develop women involvement in livelihood and sustainable food security all concerned bodies should take appropriate measures to empower women’s in education and training. The packages of development including improvements in income, health, nutrition and education should be addressed women’s.
Abstract: This study was conducted at Delanta Dawunt District, which was characterized by high population density, recurrent drought and food insecurity. By so doing, it has assessed the various ranges of activities that are performed by women and identified the overall problems encountered by women. To these end, attempts have been made by rural women to id...
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Genetically Modified Foods and the Probable Risks on Human Health
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2015
Pages:
356-363
Received:
10 April 2015
Accepted:
28 April 2015
Published:
6 May 2015
Abstract: Changing existing features of living beings or giving new features to them by changing the natural gene sequence through biotechnological methods is called “genetically modified organisms”, in short “GMO”. Nowadays, lots of food consumed is either totally genetically modified food or a type of food including food components produced by gene modification technology. Improving nutritive quality, extracting aminoacids as food additives and enzymes in microorganisms, increasing retention period and organeolepticquality, new planting methods, precocity, resistance against disease, stres, herbicide and viruses, better waste utilization, saving of soil, water and energy, creating new bioprocesses are the probable advantages of genetically modified organisms, whereas changes in food quality, genetic diversity threats, unfair competition between organic suppliers and traditional suppliers, noncompulsory awarness raising in some countries, food industry dominated only by a few big companies, biopiracy and consuming of natural resources by foreigners are among the probable disadvantages of genetically modified foods. Among the hesitations about GMO widely used and consumed all over the world, the most topical issue is the probable health risks caused by GMOs which are consumed as food. Through gene transfer, some features causing allergy and disease can be carried from other organism and as a consequence of this, there may be the risk of finding unexpected biochemical products in transgenic products. As uncertainities about GM foods continue, studies conducted in many countries have revealed that there are many differences among people’s information, attitude and behaviour toward this issue in various countries. Modified food is affected by factors such as education and knowledge level, risk perception, socioeconomic status, media, etc. Besides, level of income and occupation follow them. In the present compilation based on literature, it is aimed to summarize the facts related to GMO. For this reason, the probable risk factors for human health, consumer reaction, the pros and cons of GMOs stated by defining GM generally are explained in the study. With the present study aiming to reveal GM foods and their probable health risks for human, it is concluded that consumers accept the existence of biotechnologic applications but they are not familiar with these products and also consumers have great considerations about GMO produced by genetic modification and they display a negative attitude toward GM products.Consumer should be informed due to all these reasons. Media organs, therefore, have a significant role as the source of information and they will also contribute to raise awareness in society.
Abstract: Changing existing features of living beings or giving new features to them by changing the natural gene sequence through biotechnological methods is called “genetically modified organisms”, in short “GMO”. Nowadays, lots of food consumed is either totally genetically modified food or a type of food including food components produced by gene modific...
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Major Cause of Organ and Carcass Condemnation and Its Financial Loss at Bishoftu Elfora Export Abattoir
Aynalem Mandefro,
Kassaye Aragaw,
Birhanu Hailu,
Gezahegn Alemayehu,
Gemechu Chala
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2015
Pages:
364-372
Received:
27 March 2015
Accepted:
25 April 2015
Published:
8 May 2015
Abstract: The study was conducted from October 2013 to April 2014 in ELFORA export abattoir. The aim of this study was to identify and determine the major causes of organ and carcass condemnation and to estimate financial losses attributed to the condemned organs and carcasses from sheep and goats slaughtered in the abattoir. Standard antemortem and postmortem inspection procedures were followed throughout the study. Antemortem inspection was carried out in the lairage. There were higher record of nasal discharge, coughing, depression and lameness in both species. Postmortem examinations were conducted through their identification number to detect gross abnormalities and aesthetic reasons that rendered each organ to be rejected from the view of local and international markets. A total of 384 sheep and 384 goats slaughtered in the abattoir were included in the study. From these slaughtered animals, 768 organs and carcasses were examined. The study revealed that a total of 325 (42.3%) livers, 285 (37%) lungs, 40 (5.20%) hearts, 76 (9.90%) kidneys and 42 (5.46%) carcasses were rejected due to various causes. Stelesia hepatica (38.3%), pneumonia (60%), pericarditis (54.3%) and nephritis (35.3%) were found to be the major causes responsible for rejection of respective organs and carcass. The annual loss due to the rejection of organs and carcasses from the small ruminants slaughtered in ELFORA export abattoir is estimated to be 79,894.58 USD. In conclusions results of the present study justify immediate need of prevention of various pathogens that causes organ and carcass condemnation and pathological abnormalities through development of animal health delivery, enforcement of slaughter policy, education on animal welfare/humane slaughter, and training of slaughterhouse personnel on standard slaughter operations.
Abstract: The study was conducted from October 2013 to April 2014 in ELFORA export abattoir. The aim of this study was to identify and determine the major causes of organ and carcass condemnation and to estimate financial losses attributed to the condemned organs and carcasses from sheep and goats slaughtered in the abattoir. Standard antemortem and postmort...
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Epidemiological Status and Vector Identification of Bovine Trypanosomiosis in Didesa District of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Gamechu Fayisa,
Aynalem Mandefro,
Birhanu Hailu,
Gemechu Chala,
Gezahegn Alemayehu
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2015
Pages:
373-380
Received:
27 March 2015
Accepted:
25 April 2015
Published:
11 May 2015
Abstract: A cross sectional study was conducted in Didesa district of Oromia Regional State from November 2013 to June 2014 to determine the prevalence of trypanosomosis and tsetse density. Simple random sampling was used to select 556 cattle from the purposively selected four PAs for collection of blood sample. Buffy coat technique was used to determine prevalence of bovine trypansomiosis in the study area and trap was deployed for collection of tsetse flies. Blood sample was examined and it was found that 27 (4.86%) were parasitic positive. The prevalence was insignificant (P>0.05) in sex group, age, body condition score and between peasant association. But PCV between parasitemic and aparasitaemic is significant (p< 0.05).In this study the most common trypanosome species identified were T. congolense (17/27, 62.96%) followed by T. vivax (9/27, 33.33% and mixed T. vivax and T. congolense (1/27, 3.70%). The proportional prevalence of T. congolense is significantly higher (P=0.000) than the other trypanosome species. The mean PCV values recorded were 21.52% in parasitaemic and 28.49% in aparasitaemic animals with a statistical significant difference (P<0.05). About 40 traps were deployed for 48 hours (2 days) for collection of tsetse fly. A total of 557 flies were collected from a study area, of which the higher density was for tsetse fly 382 (4.90 flies per trap per day) followed by 137 Stomoxys, 32 Tabanus and 6 haematopta. Generally, this study showed that trypanosomosis is still present and becomes a constraint for livestock production of the study area. So control and prevention mechanisms must be continued to reduce prevalence of the disease and tsetse flies population.
Abstract: A cross sectional study was conducted in Didesa district of Oromia Regional State from November 2013 to June 2014 to determine the prevalence of trypanosomosis and tsetse density. Simple random sampling was used to select 556 cattle from the purposively selected four PAs for collection of blood sample. Buffy coat technique was used to determine pre...
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Prevalence of Goiter and Associated Factors Among Primary School Children Aged 6-12 Years Old in Goba Town, South East, Ethiopia
Habtamu Demelash Enyew,
Ketema Gashaw Zemedkun,
Addisu Melese Dagnaw
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2015
Pages:
381-387
Received:
9 April 2015
Accepted:
1 May 2015
Published:
12 May 2015
Abstract: Background: There are many reasons for children to underperform at school such as nutritional status, socio-cultural environment and other environmental factors. Iodine deficiency disorder is the major cause of preventable brain damage in children resulting in academic underperformance. Although few studies have been conducted on goiter among primary school children in Ethiopia, the mountainous area like Goba town which experiences poor soil conservation over a long period of time and the leaching away of the iodine-rich soil, needs special concern. Objective: This study assessed the prevalence of goiter and its associated factors among school children in Goba town, southeastern Ethiopia. Methods: School based cross sectional study design was employed on study participants of 397 children in age groups of 6-12 years from four primary schools in Goba town with a 98.2% response rate. The study was conducted from April to May, 2012. A systematic sampling technique was applied to select children; Pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic variables of children and their parents. Selected students were examined for the presence of goiter and classified based on WHO recommendation. Salt test for iodine content was done using field fast salt test kit. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done to see the effect of independent variables on the outcome variable (presence of goiter). Results: Out of 397 childern 209(52.6%) were females. The total goiter prevalence was 50.6 %{ 95% CI = (45.7, 55.6)} with grade 1 goiter having 33.5% {95% CI = (28.9, 38.4)} and grade 2 goiter having 17.1 %{ 95% CI = (13.6, 21.3)}. The goiter prevalence was found higher in females 112(53.6%) {95% CI = (46.6, 60.5)} than in males 89 (47.3%) {95 % CI = (40.0, 54.7)} though statistically insignificant in the studied school age children. The age of study subjects (AOR=1.86; 95% CI=1.10, 3.15) had significant association with goiter. With respect to salt consumption at home, for the study participants 110(27.7%) of children were given salt which had no iodine (0 ppm) and 169(42.6%) of them were given salt which contained medium level of salt (<15ppm) and the remaining 118(29.7%) were given sufficiently iodized salt. Conclusion: Prevalence of total goiter among school children is very high and it was higher in females than males. The salt test results showed that most households do not use sufficiently iodised salt.
Abstract: Background: There are many reasons for children to underperform at school such as nutritional status, socio-cultural environment and other environmental factors. Iodine deficiency disorder is the major cause of preventable brain damage in children resulting in academic underperformance. Although few studies have been conducted on goiter among prima...
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Protective Effect of Fish Oil and Virgin Olive Oil on Diethylnitrosamine Toxicity in Rats
Naglaa H. M. Hassanen,
Mona H. M. Ahmed
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2015
Pages:
388-396
Received:
21 April 2015
Accepted:
1 May 2015
Published:
15 May 2015
Abstract: Liver injury induced by viruses, toxic chemicals, certain drugs and environmental pollutants, has been on the increase for the past few decades and recognized as a toxicological problem. Nitrosamine compounds are known hepatic carcinogens. The present study was carried out to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of fish oil and virgin olive oil against diethylnitrosamine (DEN) intoxication in rats compared with drug (25mg/kg diet). Wister rats weighing 200 ± 5 g were induced hepatotoxicity by injection of DEN (via single intraperitoneally injection at 150 mg/kg/body weight). Rats were divided into 9 groups (n = 6) of non- hepatotoxicity, non- hepatotoxicity and treated, hepatotoxicity non-treated and hepatotoxicity treated with drug, fish oil, virgin olive oil. After 8 weeks the rats feeding with fish oil, virgin olive oil supplied to hepatotoxicity rats instead of diet significant improvement in lipid profile and liver function. However, a significantly increment in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSPx) and glutathione reduced (GSH) were observed in blood of hepatotoxicity rats treated with fish oil, virgin olive oil and mixtures. The treated groups showed a significant decrement in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (MDA) in serum. Since the study of induction of the redox enzymes is considered to be a reliable marker for evaluating the antiperoxidative efficacy of the fish oil and virgin olive oil. Treatment with fish oil and virgin olive oil reduces the histopathological liver abnormalities associated with hepatotoxicity. Moreover to the anti hepatotoxicity effect and possess antioxidant potential that may be used for therapeutic purposes suggested. The present study showed that fish oil, virgin olive oil were able to prevent or reduce the severity of diethylnitrosamine -induced liver injury.
Abstract: Liver injury induced by viruses, toxic chemicals, certain drugs and environmental pollutants, has been on the increase for the past few decades and recognized as a toxicological problem. Nitrosamine compounds are known hepatic carcinogens. The present study was carried out to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of fish oil and virgin olive oil ...
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UV - Visible Spectrophotometric Quantification of Total Polyphenol in Selected Fruits
Terefe Tafese Bezuneh,
Eyob Mulugeta Kebede
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2015
Pages:
397-401
Received:
13 April 2015
Accepted:
29 April 2015
Published:
21 May 2015
Abstract: Fruits are known as a richest source of bioactive compounds as polyphenols which are known to have significant health promoting properties. The present study investigates the total polyphenol content of some selected fruits extracted in: acidified 70 % ethanol, acidified 70 % methanol, acidified 70 % acetone, and 100 % water solvents. Standard gallic acid solution prepared in the range of 50-500 µg/L was used to plot a calibration graph. A good linearcalibration graph (r= 0.998, n=3) was obtained by plotting absorbance at 511 nm versus standard solution and all results are given as gallic acid equivalent (GAE, mg/g, dry weight). The concentration of total polyphenols varies with the solvent used and also among different samples. Higher concentration was detected in papaya fruit both in the peel and pulp (238.6±3.64, 135.2±0.09; GAE, mg/g, dry weight) respectively and lower concentration in banana peel and pulp (43.2± 0.13, 26.6±0.06; GAE, mg/g, dry weight) respectively.
Abstract: Fruits are known as a richest source of bioactive compounds as polyphenols which are known to have significant health promoting properties. The present study investigates the total polyphenol content of some selected fruits extracted in: acidified 70 % ethanol, acidified 70 % methanol, acidified 70 % acetone, and 100 % water solvents. Standard gall...
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Proximate and Mineral Quality Changes in Fillets of Three Fish Species (Mugil cephalus, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus and Oreochrumis niloticus) at Frozen Storage (Sub 0°C)
Afamdi Anene,
Ogan I. Mba,
Olivia C. Afam-Anene,
Ezinne Nwanguma
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, May 2015
Pages:
402-408
Received:
30 April 2015
Accepted:
15 May 2015
Published:
26 May 2015
Abstract: The proximate and mineral composition of fillets from two brackish water fish species (Mugil cephalus and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) obtained from the wild were compared with fillets from farmed fresh water fish species (Orechromus niloticus) fed commercial diet. The study also investigated the effect of frozen storage on the proximate and mineral composition of the fillets of these fishes. Analysis was carried before and after frozen storage using standard methods recommended by AOAC. Comparisons among sample means were made by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% confidence level. The mean ash content in brackish water fish species was 1.71±0.03% and 0.86±0.02% in fresh water fish species. Similarly, dry matter content was 23.84±0.05% in brackish water fish species and 8.81±0.24% fresh water fish species. The concentration of calcium ranged from 70.14±2.30 in brackish water fish species to 94.86±0.43 mg/100g in fresh water species, while the level of magnesium was 34.80±1.30 in brackish water species and 32.00±2.30 mg/100g in fresh water species. The level of potassium in brackish water fishes was 254.66±0.04 and 150.06±0.40 mg/100g in fresh water species. The concentration of sodium was 141.20±57 mg/100g in brackish water fish species and 57.20±0.20 mg/100g in fresh water fish species, concentration of phosphorus was 150.93±0.31 in brackish water fish species and 94.67±0.43 mg/100g in fresh water fish species. The percentage protein in Mugil cephalus was 36.14±0.39% before freezing and 36.05±1.81% after freezing while in Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus it was 36.85±0.20% in fresh samples and 36.63±0.20% after frozen storage. The protein content in O. niloticus varied between 41.50±0.40% before and 41.42±0.40% after frozen storage. The concentration of sodium in fillets of M. cephalus varied from 142.67±0.24mg/100g before storage to 140.33±0.11mg/100g after storage. The mean concentration of sodium in the fillets of C. nigrodigitatus before freezing was 139.73±0.90mg/100g and 136.67±0.23mg/100g after freezing. The concentration of sodium in O. niloticus was 57.20±0.24 mg/100g before and 56.07±0.11mg/100g after freezing. In conclusion, all the fish under study belonged to high protein low fat category. Under the experimental conditions, frozen can be effectively used to preserve protein, dry matter, sodium, magnesium and potassium.
Abstract: The proximate and mineral composition of fillets from two brackish water fish species (Mugil cephalus and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus) obtained from the wild were compared with fillets from farmed fresh water fish species (Orechromus niloticus) fed commercial diet. The study also investigated the effect of frozen storage on the proximate and minera...
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