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The Effect of Low-Cost NPK 13-13-21 Fertilizer on the Biomass and Phycobiliproteins Production of Spirulina platensis
Magwell Pierre Fils Rodrigue,
Nedion Nadjimbayel Julien,
Tavea Marie-Frédéric,
Wamba Fotsop Oscar,
Tchoffo Djoudjeu Kennedy,
Maffo Nguena Momo Lucinda,
Medueghue Fofou Apollin,
Minyaka Emile,
Lehman Léopold Gustave
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, May 2022
Pages:
45-55
Received:
10 April 2022
Accepted:
25 April 2022
Published:
7 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221103.11
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Abstract: Cultivating Spirulina platensis at a commercial scale depends on the cost and availability of nutrients in the media, as well as the ability to produce byproducts such as phycobiliproteins. The present study assessed the biomass and phycobiliproteins production of S. platensis in the low-cost NPK 13-13-21 fertilizer medium. The low-cost NPK 13-13-21 fertilizer medium has formulated using a commercial NPK 13-13-21 fertilizer as a source of the three major nutrients required for S. platensis growth and three other ingredients from the modified Jourdan medium (standard). The experiment was conducted over 25 days in concrete tanks under open raceway pond conditions. Standard analytical methods have applied to evaluate the protein and phycobiliproteins production in the S. platensis biomass. The low-cost fertilizer medium formulated with 2 g L-1 NPK 13-13-21 produced the most biomass as assessed by optical density (0.68 ± 0.03) and biomass dry weight (1.51 ± 0.02 g L-1), as well as higher biomass productivity (0.10 ± 0.004 g L-1 d-1) than the standard medium. Likewise, it produced significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) amounts of phycobiliproteins (C-phycocyanin 4.29 ± 0.28 mg g-1 DW, allophycocyanin 2.40 ± 0.05 mg g-1 DW, and phycoerythrin 2.02 ± 0.04 mg g-1). The low-cost fertilizer medium formulated with 2 g L-1 NPK 13-13-21 was ideal for optimizing the biomass and phycobiliproteins production compared with the standard medium. These findings suggest that the low-cost NPK 13-13-21 fertilizer medium could be used as an alternative, less expensive medium for maximizing the biomass and producing useful phycobiliproteins in S. platensis.
Abstract: Cultivating Spirulina platensis at a commercial scale depends on the cost and availability of nutrients in the media, as well as the ability to produce byproducts such as phycobiliproteins. The present study assessed the biomass and phycobiliproteins production of S. platensis in the low-cost NPK 13-13-21 fertilizer medium. The low-cost NPK 13-13-2...
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Determination of Zeaxanthin in New Food Raw Materials
Duan Guoxia,
Liu Lijun,
Chen Shumin,
Chen Jing,
Liu Chunxia,
Wu Lunwei,
Gong Huili,
Yue Hong,
Liu Wang,
Li Cuizhi,
Lv Zhiyong
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, May 2022
Pages:
56-60
Received:
10 May 2022
Published:
12 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221103.12
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Abstract: The new food raw material zeaxanthin has been used in many food industries. However, the state has not yet formulated relevant detection methods for the detection of zeaxanthin raw material content. There are many reports on the extraction and purification of zeaxanthin in the existing literature, but there is no report on the method for the determination of zeaxanthin in the raw material of zeaxanthin. As a new food raw material, the content of zeaxanthin itself directly affects the content of the product. Therefore, developing a determination method of zeaxanthin in zeaxanthin raw material is urgently needed for the field of added zeaxanthin functional food research and product quality assurance. This study describes a method for the determination of zeaxanthin in new food raw materials by high performance liquid chromatography. Samples were dissolved with water and extracted with ultrasonication at a temperature range of 58–62°C, and then precipitated with mixed solvent of ethanol and trichloromethane. The supernatant was diluted by ethanoland and then filtered through a 0.45μm pore nylon filter, prior to injection into the HPLC system. Calibration of the chromatographic system was carried out by the external standard method. Analyses was carried out using an HPLC-UV Agilent 1260 system equipped with DP-4 gradient pump, and C30 column (250mm×4.6, 5μm) was used. The quantitative limit of zeaxanthin was 0.1g/100g and this method was accurate, repeatable, sensitivity.
Abstract: The new food raw material zeaxanthin has been used in many food industries. However, the state has not yet formulated relevant detection methods for the detection of zeaxanthin raw material content. There are many reports on the extraction and purification of zeaxanthin in the existing literature, but there is no report on the method for the determ...
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Dietary Practice and Associated Factors Among Lactating Mothers in Halu Woreda, Ilu Aba Bor Zone, South West Ethiopia
Abebe Kibre,
Soresa Alemu,
Shuayib Shemsu,
Kebebe Bidira
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, May 2022
Pages:
61-68
Received:
13 April 2022
Accepted:
7 May 2022
Published:
12 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221103.13
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Abstract: Background: Lactation is a critical time for meeting nutritional requirements. Low-quality, monotonous diets for lactating mothers are the norm in resource-poor environments around the world. In Ethiopia, suboptimal dietary consumption among lactating mothers persisted. As a result, the goal of this research was to assess dietary practices and associated factors among lactating mothers in Halu woreda, Ilubabor Zone, South West Ethiopia. Method: A community-based cross-sectional study of 504 randomly selected lactating mothers was conducted from July to August 2021. To collect socio-demographic and socio-economic data, a structured interview administered questioner was used. Dietary practice was assessed using a food frequency questioner to assess dietary diversity, food variety, and animal source food scores over a 24-hour and a week period, respectively. Data were entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Binary and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify independent predictors of dietary practice. An odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was calculated to identify the predictors of the outcome variable. A statistically significant p-value of 0.05 was declared. Result: The prevalence of Optimal dietary practice among lactating mothers was 42.6%. Based on Multivariable logistic regression analysis; Maternal occupation (AOR= 2.89, 95%CI; (1.26, 5.1)), Food pattern change (AOR= 4.46, 95%CI; (2.12, 9.37)), Home gardening (AOR=1.5, 95% CI: (1.6, 3.1)), Wealth status (AOR= 1.9, 95% CI; (1.09, 3.43)) and Nutritional knowledge (AOR= 1.63, (1.96, 2.79)) were significantly associated with Dietary practice of lactating mothers. Conclusion: According to the study findings, the prevalence of suboptimal dietary practice was 57.4%, with its corresponding components being inadequate. The percentages of dietary diversity, poor food variety, and low animal source food were 38.9%, 31.9%, and 53.4%, respectively. As a result, different stakeholders, particularly the frontline health sector, should focus on an integrated and holistic approach to improving mothers' active hood and dietary practices.
Abstract: Background: Lactation is a critical time for meeting nutritional requirements. Low-quality, monotonous diets for lactating mothers are the norm in resource-poor environments around the world. In Ethiopia, suboptimal dietary consumption among lactating mothers persisted. As a result, the goal of this research was to assess dietary practices and asso...
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The Role of Mushrooms as a Functional Ingredient in Chocolate Chip Cookies
Terri Rhea Schaefer,
Charlotte Cervantes
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, May 2022
Pages:
69-74
Received:
19 April 2022
Accepted:
10 May 2022
Published:
19 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221103.14
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Abstract: Mushrooms are becoming increasingly popular as a food ingredient in packaged foods. Current literature supports the use of mushrooms as a functional ingredient due to its nutrient density and association with potential health benefits. The purposes of this exploratory study were 1) to determine if the addition of white button mushrooms to a chocolate chip cookie formula would result in detectable differences from an identical recipe without mushrooms, and 2) to test the acceptance of white button mushrooms in a food product and gauge the likelihood of a consumer to purchase a food product that is fortified with edible mushrooms. Control and experimental nutrient-dense, chocolate chip cookie formulas were developed to conduct a sensory analysis evaluation using a triangle difference test: while both formulas were high in dietary protein and fiber, the experimental formula incorporated raw white button mushrooms in the unbaked dough (5.83% of the total composition). The results of the triangle test indicate that the addition of mushrooms did not result in meaningful sensory differences between formulations. Additionally, reported preference for mushrooms was not significantly related to correct determination of the different sample in the triangle test. This study also revealed that frequent consumption of protein powder and/or high fiber foods were not significantly related to participant likelihood of purchasing protein and/or fiber-fortified items. However, the likelihood of purchasing mushroom-fortified foods was significantly related to reported preference for mushrooms. Future research exploring the incorporation of mushrooms into popular food items can benefit from the trials of this research study. To establish a more imperceptible product fortified with mushrooms, using a milled version seems to contribute less moisture and texture.
Abstract: Mushrooms are becoming increasingly popular as a food ingredient in packaged foods. Current literature supports the use of mushrooms as a functional ingredient due to its nutrient density and association with potential health benefits. The purposes of this exploratory study were 1) to determine if the addition of white button mushrooms to a chocola...
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Prevalence of Overweight Among Students at the University of Lubumbashi, DRC
André Ngombe Kaseba,
Patrick Mukandila,
Ghislain Kikunda,
Aly Antoine Kamano,
Marie-France Basema,
Nowa Mutangala,
Salif Traore,
Éric Mukomena Sompwe
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, May 2022
Pages:
75-81
Received:
5 February 2022
Accepted:
4 March 2022
Published:
26 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221103.15
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Abstract: Introduction: Overweight among students is a worrying public health problem in student communities in Lubumbashi because of their potential repercussions and their increasing frequency on health. The objective of our study is to identify the prevalence of overweight in a student environment in Lubumbashi. Methods: This is a study conducted on 200 subjects whose data comes from students of the University of Lubumbashi living in the home internet of UNILU, academic year 2020-2021, Our work results from a descriptive study transverse. For each UNILU student, weight and height were measured and were used to calculate the body mass index (BMI). Analysis and data collection were performed with Open data kit, Excel 2016 and Stata SE 16. Results: In all students aged 17 to 34, of which n = 82 (41%) girls and n = 118 (59%) boys made up our sample. The averages of weight, height and BMI are respectively 61.05kg (i.e., 62.74kg for boys and 58.70kg for girls); height 164.98cm (i.e., 166.35cm for boys and 163.08cm for girls) and BMI is 22.50kg / m2 (i.e., 22.75kg / m2 for boys and 22.16kg / m2 for girls). The prevalence of overweight in our study is 20.5%, n = 200, respectively. Conclusion: Overweight among students in a student environment is a reality in the university environment of Lubumbashi. In the absence of national data, our study offers a statistical estimate of the emergence of this phenomenon in students. The figures provided by our study encourage us to be aware of this scourge and reflect the importance of the problem.
Abstract: Introduction: Overweight among students is a worrying public health problem in student communities in Lubumbashi because of their potential repercussions and their increasing frequency on health. The objective of our study is to identify the prevalence of overweight in a student environment in Lubumbashi. Methods: This is a study conducted on 200 s...
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Performance Evaluation of a Centrifuge Type Grain Cleaning Machine and Its Effect on Chemical and Microbial Quality of Sorghum and Millet Grains
Nketia Stephen,
Ampah Jonathan,
Anyebuno George,
Appiah Francis,
Amoa-Awua Wisdom,
Kyei Baffour Vincent,
Tettey Emmanuel Ablo,
Bempong Ofori
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, May 2022
Pages:
82-87
Received:
25 April 2022
Accepted:
17 May 2022
Published:
26 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221103.16
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Abstract: Cleaning is an important unit operation in food processing. However, cleaning of some cereal grains including millet and sorghum prior to processing is tedious due to their small sizes. In this study, the cleaning efficiency of a locally fabricated centrifuge-type grain cleaning machine was tested and compared to the traditional method of cleaning. The centrifuge cleaning machine consists of an outer main frame which is stainless steel, cylindrical drum with a hundred percent opening discharge pipe on the lower side, an inner 250 µm perforated stainless steel cylindrical sieve, a motor-powered transmission stirrer unit with two bats placed adjacent at ninety degrees to each other. Color measurement of grain samples was done with a Lovibond Tintometer Colorimeter. The microbial load – enterobacteria, coliform, Escherichia coli, aerobic mesophiles, yeast and Staphylococcus aureus was analyzed using the AOAC (2012) methods. HPLC was used to quantify the aflatoxin levels - aflatoxins B1, aflatoxins B2, aflatoxins G1 and aflatoxins G2. The time and cost which initially took 8 h using two laborers at a fee of GHC100.00, was reduced to 3 h with just one laborer costing GHC50.00. Skinning damage to millet and sorghum caused by locally fabricated machine was determined to be 2.1% and 4.6% respectively. The results of the study showed that the cleaning machine could be adopted for small scale washing of millet and sorghum grains for foods such as fura.
Abstract: Cleaning is an important unit operation in food processing. However, cleaning of some cereal grains including millet and sorghum prior to processing is tedious due to their small sizes. In this study, the cleaning efficiency of a locally fabricated centrifuge-type grain cleaning machine was tested and compared to the traditional method of cleaning....
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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Undernutrition Among HIV-Exposed Under Five Children in Two HIV Treatment Centers in Ngaoundere, Cameroon
Hidayatou Mohamadou,
Tendongfor Nicholas,
Kibu Odette Dzemo,
Yenshu Emmanuel Vubo
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 3, May 2022
Pages:
88-95
Received:
9 May 2022
Accepted:
2 June 2022
Published:
14 June 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijnfs.20221103.17
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Abstract: Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and undernutrition are still two major health issues in sub-Saharan Africa. Our study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of undernutrition among under-five children born to HIV-positive mothers. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out in two HIV treatment centers in Ngaoundere (Regional and Protestant Hospitals), Cameroon. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographics of mothers infected with HIV and their children as well as clinical characteristics. Anthropometric measurements were collected from randomly selected 251 under-five HIV-exposed children. The data was analyzed in SPSS version 26. The prevalence of wasting, stunting and underweight were estimated and factors associated determined using a logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of undernutrition among under-five HIV-exposed children was 38% with 83 (33.4%) stunted, 35 (14. 3%) underweight and 30 (12.1%) wasted. Wasting (15%) and underweight (11.6%) were high among girls compared to boys who had a high prevalence of stunting (35%). The odds of children from mothers with no education level developing undernutrition was 3.42 times higher (AOR 3.42; 95% CI: 1.21-10. 27; p=0.032) than in those with secondary school level. The odds of children from Muslim (AOR= 0.12; 95% CI: 0.03-0.49; p=0.004) and Christians caregivers (AOR 0.12; 95% CI: 0.04-0.65; p=0.012) developing undernutrition were less compared to those from other religions. The odds of a child in the Protestant Hospital (AOR=0.33; 95% CI: 0.21-0.66; P=0.001) developing undernutrition were less compared to those in the Regional hospital of Ngaoundere. Conclusion: The prevalence of undernutrition was high among under-five HIV-exposed children in the two HIV treatment centers with wasting and underweight being more prevalent in females and stunting in males. Religion, education and health facility were independently associated with undernutrition among HIV-exposed children. This study highlight the need to take integrated actions in growth monitoring and feeding practices of under-five HIV-exposed children.
Abstract: Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and undernutrition are still two major health issues in sub-Saharan Africa. Our study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of undernutrition among under-five children born to HIV-positive mothers. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out in two HIV treatment c...
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