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Lemon Juice Counteracts the Effect of Green Tea Decoction on Body Weight Gains, High Fat Diet Induced-Liver Steatosis, Total Antioxidant Status and Some Metabolic Parameters in Rats
Zakia Ben Abid,
Abdelmajid Trimeche,
Houda Abaidi,
Sabri Denden,
Sami Fattouch,
Mohamed Habib Jaafoura,
Mohamed Hédi Hamdaoui
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2015
Pages:
1-7
Received:
14 November 2014
Accepted:
30 November 2014
Published:
8 December 2014
Abstract: Background: In previous studies, we reported that green tea decoction (GTD) cooked in boiling water for 15-min (15-min GTD) reduced body weight gain (BWG), glucose and lipid absorption and improved total antioxidant status (TAS) of rats fed normal or high-fat diet (HFD). However, the long-term effect of a mixture: 15-min GTD + lemon juice (LJ) on BWG, liver steatosis (LS), TAS, blood glucose and lipids is still unknown. Purpose The aim of the present study is to examine the long-term effect of 15-min GTD + LJ mixture on above parameters in rats fed HFD induced-obesity and LS. Methods Twenty-eight male rats were assigned to four groups with comparable body weights. During 9-weeks treatment, rats were given ad-libitum a basic diet (BD) or HFD to promote obesity and LS. The group 1 received the BD (BD group), the group 2 received HFD (HFD group), the group 3 received HFD + 15-min GTD (GTD group) and the group 4 received HFD + a mixture: 15-min GTD and LJ (GTDLJ group). Results The rats fed HFD had the highest BWG associated with an abundant LS spread than rats consumed BD. However, 15-min GTD significantly reduced the BWG and LS spread (p<0.001). GTD group showed also decreased plasma glucose, triglycerides and increased both TAS and GPX activities (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). Surprisingly, an abundant reappearance of several LS spread and a restore of BWG were observed in GTDLJ group compared to GTD group. The GTDLJ mixture also reversed the GTD effect on plasma glucose, TAS, GPX and blood iron. Conclusion These results show that 15-min GTD significantly reduces BWG, HFD induced-LS, plasma glucose, triglycerides, blood iron and improves TAS and GPX. However, the GTDLJ mixture partially or totally counteracts the effect of 15-min GTD on BWG, LS, plasma glucose, blood iron, TAS and GPX.
Abstract: Background: In previous studies, we reported that green tea decoction (GTD) cooked in boiling water for 15-min (15-min GTD) reduced body weight gain (BWG), glucose and lipid absorption and improved total antioxidant status (TAS) of rats fed normal or high-fat diet (HFD). However, the long-term effect of a mixture: 15-min GTD + lemon juice (LJ) on B...
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Utilization of Some Cereals and Legumes as Coating Materials during Frying Chicken Fillet
Hayat Hashem Abd-Elsattar,
Sohair Taher El-Hadidie,
Maha Mounier Tawfik
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2015
Pages:
8-13
Received:
23 November 2014
Accepted:
9 December 2014
Published:
18 December 2014
Abstract: The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the seasoned powder coating mixture made from some legumes (lupine and chickpea) and some cereals (rice and corn). Three seasoned powders were prepared and compared with seasoned vegetar from local market as control. The three seasoned powders and vegetar were used as coaters of the chicken breast (fillets). Chemical analyses were determined in raw materials and fillets, which was coated with each of seasoned powders before and after frying. Fat absorption, cooking loss and cooking yield were determined in fillets after frying. Microbiological analyses as total count bacteria, yeast and mold and E.Coli were determined for each of seasoned powders and after frying during storage period. Moreover, sensory characteristics of fried fillets coated with each of seasoned powders were determined. The results showed that the seasoned legumes mixture powder contained the highest protein, fat, crude fiber and ash, 29.63, 7.0, 4.02, and 2.97 on wet weight, respectively followed by seasoned cereals and legumes mixture powder and seasoned cereals mixture powder. Moreover, before and after frying of chicken breast coated with seasoned powders, the results showed that the protein, fat, total carbohydrates increased after frying, whereas crude fiber and ash were decreased. These results occurred due to fat absorption, cooking loss and cooking yield. Microbiological analyses were determined for each of seasoned powders during storage period at room temperature. The results showed that the bacteria count fixed at the fifth dilution and at the third dilution for yeast and mould. Moreover, E.coli forming groups not detected in all samples of seasoned powders and control. Whereas, storage of fillets for a period at – 20οC, showed the same results and manners for microbial analyses, as those of the different seasoned mixture powders, during storage period. The results of sensory characteristics of fried fillets, coated with the different types of seasoned mixture powders showed that the treatments No. 1, 2 and 3 had a significant variation for total acceptability (90.5, 91.2 and 92.4%, respectively) with a slight decrease than vegetar control, (94.1%). From the results, it was found that the seasoned powder prepared from legumes mixture gave the best results and sensory evaluation, followed by seasoned powder prepared from cereals and legumes mixture and seasoned powder prepared from cereals mixture. These different seasoned powders gave better results than vegetar control, obtained from local market. Therefore, these different seasoned powders can be used as natural coating materials for meat because of their safety and high nutritional values.
Abstract: The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the seasoned powder coating mixture made from some legumes (lupine and chickpea) and some cereals (rice and corn). Three seasoned powders were prepared and compared with seasoned vegetar from local market as control. The three seasoned powders and vegetar were used as coaters of the chicken brea...
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Elaboration and Evaluation of Produced Hamburger with Meat of Old Sheep and Pig with Added of Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica)
Jarbas Machado de Melo,
Rafaela Nery de Melo,
Sirineu José Sicheski,
Bruna Isabela Daniel,
Andressa Perissinotto,
Marcelo Urban Janeczko,
Maiki Roberto Detofol,
Mónica Beatriz Alvarado Soares,
Rogerio Luis Cansian
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2015
Pages:
14-18
Received:
3 December 2014
Accepted:
18 December 2014
Published:
23 December 2014
Abstract: The objective of this study was to develop some hamburger meat product aimed at harnessing meat of old sheep, of little acceptance in nature, with pork and chia seed. The better acceptance formulation was used to prepare three formulations the relationship being of sheep/pork of 50/50 (w/w) and chia seed concentrations of 0%, 2% and 4%. The results showed significant difference (p ˂ 0.05) acceptability among FA formulations (without chia seed) and FC (4% chia seed) at 120 days and between FC formulation at 90 and 120 days. The chemical composition was significantly affected by the addition of chia seed. The cooking weight loss was ranging from 11.6% (FC) to 19.29% (FA). In the evaluation of TBARS and IP it was verified interference in the formulations by the addition of chia seed. The use of chia seed these burgers can be recommended up to 4%.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to develop some hamburger meat product aimed at harnessing meat of old sheep, of little acceptance in nature, with pork and chia seed. The better acceptance formulation was used to prepare three formulations the relationship being of sheep/pork of 50/50 (w/w) and chia seed concentrations of 0%, 2% and 4%. The results...
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Effect of Feeding on Olive Oil and Thyme on Pregnancy and Lactation Periods
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2015
Pages:
19-28
Received:
19 December 2014
Accepted:
30 December 2014
Published:
8 January 2015
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding on virgin olive oil (VOO) and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) at 50% and 100% with or without thyme leaves at 1% and 2.5% on pregnancy and lactation periods. Methods: One hundred and twenty adult female rats (120 ±5g) were randomly divided into 15 groups (n=8) for month before mating. On 19th day of pregnancy, half of pregnant rats were weighted, killed and their fetuses take off with uterus. Another half of pregnant rats were left to evaluate the lactation period. Biochemical assays, bone measurements and fertility hormones were evaluated. Results: Generally, the VOO groups were improved the health status of pregnant and lactating rats more than EVOO groups. The pregnant rats in VOO and thyme leaves powder groups were lower of body weight gain (BWG) without their fetuses than EVOO and thyme leaves powder groups. The mean weight of fetuses in VOO and thyme leaves powder groups were higher than EVOO combined with thyme leaves groups. Also, the feeding on olive oils with thyme leaves had an increase of number of fetuses and bone Ca and P contents. The results showed that, in an increasing of number of fetuses caused decrease in bone mineral density (BMD). Pregnant and lactating rats fed on 100% olive oils had TC, TG, LDL-C, and VLDL-C lower than the rats fed on 50% olive oils. Also, the rats fed on olive oils and thyme leaves powder had increase in both E2 and progesterone levels before mating and at the end of lactation period compared to control group. Meanwhile, the prolactin hormone levels for rats at the end of lactation period were lower than on 19th day of pregnancy period. Conclusion: Diet which containing with olive oil improved the health status, especially during pregnancy and lactation periods. Consumption of olive oil and olive oil and thyme leaves could be reduce the risk of infertility in females.
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding on virgin olive oil (VOO) and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) at 50% and 100% with or without thyme leaves at 1% and 2.5% on pregnancy and lactation periods. Methods: One hundred and twenty adult female rats (120 ±5g) were randomly divided into 15 groups (n=8) for month before mating. On 19th day of ...
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Evaluation of Composite Blends of Fermented Fenugreek and Wheat Flour to Assess Its Suitability for Bread and Biscuit
Atlaw Tamiru Kasaye,
Yogesh Kumar Jha
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2015
Pages:
29-35
Received:
24 December 2014
Accepted:
12 January 2015
Published:
22 January 2015
Abstract: Flour of fenugreek supplemented at 5, 10, and 15% levels with wheat flour was assessed for the production of bread and biscuit to improve nutritional profile. Germinated fenugreek flour samples had 29.89% crude protein, 7.91% crude fat, 11.35% crude fiber and 2.94% ash on dry weight basis. The wet gluten, falling number, and water activity of wheat flour reduced on incorporation of germinated fenugreek flour while the foaming capacity, water and oil absorption increased for bread and biscuit blended wheat flours. The farinograph water absorption values were 66.3, 63.9 and 61.8%, while the dough stability values were 7.0, 9.0 and 10.5 min at 5, 10 and 15% supplementation levels, respectively. The dough development times were 4.5, 6.1, and 7.5 min and farinograph quality numbers were 76, 100 and 123 Brabender units, respectively. The microbiological analysis of value added products for coliforms, E.coli, and yeast was absent, and TPC and mould counts were lower than control. The nutritive values in terms of protein, fiber, ash as well as calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc content of bread and biscuit increased as a result of the supplementation of germinated fenugreek flour to wheat flour. The sensory evaluation of the bread samples made by supplementation at 5 and 10% and 5% levels for biscuit were rated acceptable.
Abstract: Flour of fenugreek supplemented at 5, 10, and 15% levels with wheat flour was assessed for the production of bread and biscuit to improve nutritional profile. Germinated fenugreek flour samples had 29.89% crude protein, 7.91% crude fat, 11.35% crude fiber and 2.94% ash on dry weight basis. The wet gluten, falling number, and water activity of wheat...
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Iron Bioavailability, Storability and Sensory Evaluation of Iron Fortified Extruded Snacks Intended to Alleviate Iron Deficiency in Indian Children
Shashank Gaur,
R. Visvanathan
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2015
Pages:
36-44
Received:
31 October 2014
Accepted:
16 November 2014
Published:
28 January 2015
Abstract: Iron deficiency is one of the major health problems in India and is significantly affecting the growth and development of children. The mid day meals offered as an intervention to improve nutritional standards could not fulfill daily iron requirements of children. Iron fortified snack products were developed to supplement these daily meals, by extrusion cooking of nutritional orphan crop finger millet added with fortifying agents NaFeEDTA (sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate) or ferrous fumarate and aonla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn); as a source of ascorbic acid. The extrusion variables were optimized at moisture 18%, barrel temperature 115C, screw speed 260 rpm and addition of cassava at the rate of 30 %, based on the expansion ratio. Iron bioavailability from products was assessed in terms of Haemoglobin Maintenance Efficiency (HME) through Haemoglobin regeneration assay in chicks. Overall HME was significantly different (p < 0.05) for feed fortified with ferrous fumarate (28.66 %), feed fortified with NaFeEDTA (35.26 %), and feed without fortificant (19.15%). Addition of aonla powder to chick feed significantly improved the HME in case of ferrous fumarate whereas, showed no significant effect in the case of NaFeEDTA and feeds without fortificant. Storage stability was evaluated on the basis of density, hardness, and sensory characteristics for both fresh and stored samples. Samples were fried, dusted with spice mix and were packed for storage studies in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and aluminium foil packaging material, with or without nitrogen flushing. In conclusion, products fortified with NaFeEDTA and packed in aluminium foil with nitrogen flushing were found optimal in terms of iron bioavailability, storability and consumer acceptability.
Abstract: Iron deficiency is one of the major health problems in India and is significantly affecting the growth and development of children. The mid day meals offered as an intervention to improve nutritional standards could not fulfill daily iron requirements of children. Iron fortified snack products were developed to supplement these daily meals, by extr...
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Optimization of GSH Extraction Technology from Germinating Soybean Using Response Surface Methodology
Guifeng Li,
Limin Dong,
Junli Xu
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2015
Pages:
45-50
Received:
5 January 2015
Accepted:
20 January 2015
Published:
2 February 2015
Abstract: In order to establish optimal water extraction technology of GSH from soybean, response surface method, based on Box–Behnken design, was used to optimize extraction conditions. Crude GSH including in protein was separated by Sephadex G-50 chromatography method. A second order quadratic mathematical model for GSH in soybean extraction was established. Its validity was verified, and the alternate action of the above three factors and their optimum level ranges were investigated. Results showed that the optimum conditions to achieve the maximum extraction rate were as follows: pH of extraction liquid 7.62, extraction temperature 71.91℃, and extraction time 135.67min. Under such conditions, extraction rate of GSH reaches 1.063% (the relative error 1.1%), which was well matched with the predicted yield.
Abstract: In order to establish optimal water extraction technology of GSH from soybean, response surface method, based on Box–Behnken design, was used to optimize extraction conditions. Crude GSH including in protein was separated by Sephadex G-50 chromatography method. A second order quadratic mathematical model for GSH in soybean extraction was establishe...
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Nutritional Status of Children (6-59 Months) from Food Secure and Food Insecure Households in Rural Communities of Saesie Tsaeda-Emba District, Tigray, North Ethiopia: Comparative Study
Amaha Kahsay,
Afework Mulugeta,
Omer Seid
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2015
Pages:
51-65
Received:
29 December 2014
Accepted:
16 January 2015
Published:
2 February 2015
Abstract: The aim of this study was to Assess and compare nutritional status and associated factors of 6 to 59 months old children from food secure and food insecure households in rural Kebeles of Saesie Tsaeda Emba district, Tigray, North Ethiopia. As a result, a comparative, cross sectional study was conducted on 841 children (421 from food secure and 420 from food insecure households) from February to March, 2014. Multistage sampling method was used to select Children from each kebele. Anthropometric measurements were entered and calculated using ENA for SMART 2007software then transferred to SPSS version 20 to be processed and analyzed. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify associated factors of under nutrition at significance level p-value < 0.05. About (46.1%, 52.1%), (18.1%, 20.5%), and 7.1%, 12.6%) of the children from the food secure and food insecure kebelles were stunted, underweight and wasted respectively. Occupation of father, head of family, and duration of continued breast feeding were the factors associated with stunting in food secure households. Whereas age of the child, head of family, and duration of continued breast feeding were determinant factors for stunting in children from the food insecure households. Similarly, educational status of father, sex of the child, and current breast feeding status of the child were the factors associated with underweight for children from food secure households and age of mother, occupational status of father, sex of child, 1st complementary food given to the child, and main source of water to the household were the main predictors of underweight in the food insecure households. The factors associated with child wasting in the food secure households were age of the father and number of cattle owned by the household and age of child and main source of water to the household were the factors associated with child wasting from the food insecure households. Finally, under nutrition among under-five years of age children was very high in the population. Therefore, addressing food security and then nutrition security using the productive safety net program in harmony with participation of all responsible bodies is crucial; as children of the food secure households were at better nutritional outcomes when compared to those of food insecure households.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to Assess and compare nutritional status and associated factors of 6 to 59 months old children from food secure and food insecure households in rural Kebeles of Saesie Tsaeda Emba district, Tigray, North Ethiopia. As a result, a comparative, cross sectional study was conducted on 841 children (421 from food secure and 420 ...
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Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Among Adults (20 to 40 Years of Age) in Coimbatore
K. Kavitha,
K. Anusuya Devi
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2015
Pages:
66-68
Received:
7 January 2015
Accepted:
30 January 2015
Published:
6 February 2015
Abstract: The metabolic syndrome has acknowledged a primary attention in the last few years. It is defined as a cluster of specific cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, comprised of central obesity, elevated blood pressure, high triglycerides, reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and elevated fasting glucose levels. Several studies have identified that there is a significant association of Metabolic Syndrome with pancreatic, colorectal, breast and prostatic cancer. Most of the cities in India are also undergoing rapid urbanization with increased industrialization and there by facing an unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and adoption of other unhealthy lifestyles which leads to rise in prevalence of non communicable diseases. Lot of work is being done on metabolic syndrome in the recent times but most of them have been confined to hospitals and very few studies have been conducted at community level. Therefore this study was conducted to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the adult population of Coimbatore City which is an important industrial hub of Tamilnadu. 992 persons participated in the survey and 300 samples with increased waist circumference were selected for Anthropometric measurement & physiological indices. This study has revealed that the people with increased Waist Circumference (Central Obesity) are in the metabolic syndrome zone with the result of 83% of the obese samples are with Metabolic syndrome. This study also revealed that around 47% are in metabolic syndrome zone with the presence of 3 components and they could be in out of metabolic syndrome zone very easily just by reducing only one component. Though 17.66 % of the persons are out of metabolic syndrome zone, 16.66% have 2 components and the probability to enter in to the metabolic syndrome zone is very high for them as they have central obesity which may leads to pre diabetics easily if they don’t take at most care.
Abstract: The metabolic syndrome has acknowledged a primary attention in the last few years. It is defined as a cluster of specific cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, comprised of central obesity, elevated blood pressure, high triglycerides, reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and elevated fasting glucose levels. Several stud...
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Lipolytic Effect of Eumicrotremus orbis Water Extracts in Differentiated 3T3-L1 Adipocytes
Byoung-Mok Kim,
Heang-Jeun Heo,
Dong-Soo Kim,
Young-Myung Kim,
In-Hack Jeong,
Young-Min Chi
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2015
Pages:
69-74
Received:
19 January 2015
Accepted:
1 February 2015
Published:
9 February 2015
Abstract: In this study, we investigated the effects of Eumicrotremus orbis water extracts (EOWE) on lipolysis in differentiatied 3T3-L1 adipocytes and its mechanism. It was observed that there was no cytotoxicity for adipocytes of EOWE. The content of glycerol released in cell culture medium increased dependent on sample concentration. In differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated EOWE, hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and phosphorylated HSL (p-HSL) protein level increased by approximately 3.43 and 1.77 times as compared to the controls. But, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) protein level did not effect as compared to the controls. Treated EOWE inhibited the protein expression of perilipin A. In other word, it is judged to be due to, a content of glycerol released in cell culture medium increased through not only increase of HSL, p-HSL and p-PKA protein level, but inhibit of perilipin A. Therefore, our results suggest that EOWE may induce lipoylsis by increasing the protein levels of HSL, p-HSL and p-PKA.
Abstract: In this study, we investigated the effects of Eumicrotremus orbis water extracts (EOWE) on lipolysis in differentiatied 3T3-L1 adipocytes and its mechanism. It was observed that there was no cytotoxicity for adipocytes of EOWE. The content of glycerol released in cell culture medium increased dependent on sample concentration. In differentiated 3T3...
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Nutritional, Pharmacological and Medicinal Properties of Momordica Charantia
Kandangath Raghavan Anilakumar,
Garlapati Phani Kumar,
Nallamuthu Ilaiyaraja
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2015
Pages:
75-83
Received:
14 October 2014
Accepted:
29 October 2014
Published:
10 February 2015
Abstract: Momordica charantia L. (Bitter gourd) is a flowering vine in the family of Cucurbitaceae. It contains an array of novel and biologically active phytochemicals including triterpenes, proteins and steroids. Medicinally, the plant has a long history of use by the indigenous people as a folk medicine. Bitter gourd is often used in Chinese cooking for its bitter flavor, typically in stir-fries, soups, and also as tea. Pakistan, Philippines, Panama and Nepal also use this bitter vegetable for culinary purposes in addition to India. Several medicinal properties of the bitter gourd have been studied by various researchers, such as anti-diabetic, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-mutagenic, antioxidant, anti-tumour, anti-lipolytic, analgesic, abortifacient, anti-viral, hypoglycemic and immunomodulatory. In vitro studies reveals that the bitter gourd proteins (α-and β-monorcharin) have inhibitory effect against HIV virus, and leaf extracts have broad-spectrum anti-microbial activity as well. Many in vivo studies have demonstrated the relatively low toxicity of all parts of the bitter gourd plant when ingested orally. This review also addresses taxonomy, phytochemical, culinary practices and pharmacological properties in detail. Over the years scientists have verified many of the traditional uses of this bitter plant that continues to be an important natural remedy in herbal medicine systems. Bitter gourd products such as concentrated fruit and seed extracts can be found in capsules and tablets, as well as in whole herb/vine powder forms and these supplements are becoming more widely available in many countries nowadays as prophylactic or therapeutic agents.
Abstract: Momordica charantia L. (Bitter gourd) is a flowering vine in the family of Cucurbitaceae. It contains an array of novel and biologically active phytochemicals including triterpenes, proteins and steroids. Medicinally, the plant has a long history of use by the indigenous people as a folk medicine. Bitter gourd is often used in Chinese cooking for i...
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Nutritional Value and Medicinal Benefits of Pineapple
Md. Farid Hossain,
Shaheen Akhtar,
Mustafa Anwar
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2015
Pages:
84-88
Received:
15 January 2015
Accepted:
29 January 2015
Published:
10 February 2015
Abstract: This paper discusses nutritional values and importance of pineapple in the health aspects. Thailand, Philippines, Mexico, Costa Rica, Brazil, China, Nigeria, Kenya, Indonesia, Hawaii, India, Bangladesh are the major pineapple producing countries. The demand of pineapple in the international market is expanding day by day. Generally, the ripen pineapple fruit is consumed fresh and juice as source of essential minerals and vitamins with some medicinal values. Pineapple contains considerable calcium, potassium, fibre and vitamin C. Various food items like jam, jelly, pickles are produced from pineapple. Qualities of pineapple vary due to growing environment and variety. Ripening agents accelerates ripening, but affects the nutritional quality of the pineapple fruits.
Abstract: This paper discusses nutritional values and importance of pineapple in the health aspects. Thailand, Philippines, Mexico, Costa Rica, Brazil, China, Nigeria, Kenya, Indonesia, Hawaii, India, Bangladesh are the major pineapple producing countries. The demand of pineapple in the international market is expanding day by day. Generally, the ripen pinea...
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The Preventive Approach of Biocompounactives (1): A Review in Recent Advances in Common Vegetables and Legumes
Abdelkarim Guaâdaoui,
Fatma Bouhtit,
Abdellah Hamal
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2015
Pages:
89-102
Received:
24 January 2015
Accepted:
2 February 2015
Published:
10 February 2015
Abstract: All scientific studies confirm that a varied and balanced diet is factor of protection against cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), osteoporosis, diabetes, obesity and high cholesterol. The philosophy that food can be health promoting beyond its nutritional value is gaining acceptance within the public arena and among the scientific community as mounting research links diet/food components to disease prevention and treatment. Biocompounactives contain chemicals that are found in small quantities in plants and certain foods (such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, oils and whole grains), they have actions in the body that can promote good health. In this work, we focus on studies that have been conducted on biocompounactives of common vegetables and legumes, and opportunities that present bioactivity of these phytochemicals to prevent many chronic diseases. As well, emphasis is placed on some challenges that face the good investissment of biocompounactives.
Abstract: All scientific studies confirm that a varied and balanced diet is factor of protection against cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), osteoporosis, diabetes, obesity and high cholesterol. The philosophy that food can be health promoting beyond its nutritional value is gaining acceptance within the public arena and among the scientific community as m...
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Effect of Traditional Methods of De-bittering on the Proximate and Vitamin Contents of Fresh and Squeezed-Washed Bitter Leaf
Agomuo Jude Kelechi,
Alaka Ignatius Chukwuemeka,
Akajiaku Linda Oluchi,
Taiwo Mayomi
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2015
Pages:
103-110
Received:
26 January 2015
Accepted:
6 February 2015
Published:
10 February 2015
Abstract: Bitter leaf is a leafy vegetable that is widely consumed and cherished in South-Eastern Nigeria. The effect of traditional methods of de-bittering of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) on the proximate and vitamin contents was studied using potash, palm oil, and salt and boiling process in squeeze-washing at 3 pre-processing methods of squeeze-wash and periods of 3 to 8 minutes. The percentage retention and losses of nutrients increased simultaneously during squeeze-washing. The sample squeezed-washed with palm oil had nutrient retention ranging between 55 to 100% of moisture, ash, crude fibre, fat, vitamin A and vitamin C than other squeeze-washed samples. This could be due to the rigidity of the cells of the sample squeezed-washed with palm oil which did not allow much nutrient to leach into the squeezed leaf water; whereas, the loss of nutrient was practically of the same magnitude (27.3 to 80.5%) in all other samples. The loss of nutrients was observed to be influenced directly by the cause-and-effect of disintegration changes which usually leads to softening due to the severity of the squeeze-washing on the bitter leaf instead of cellular composition or level of nutrient initially present. Palm oil should be used in the squeeze-washing of bitter leaf for better nutrient retention.
Abstract: Bitter leaf is a leafy vegetable that is widely consumed and cherished in South-Eastern Nigeria. The effect of traditional methods of de-bittering of bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) on the proximate and vitamin contents was studied using potash, palm oil, and salt and boiling process in squeeze-washing at 3 pre-processing methods of squeeze-wash ...
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Key Dietary Behavioral and Environmental Factors Mediating Dietary Variety Among Japanese Adults with Spinal Cord Injury
Nobuyo Tsunoda,
Takayo Inayama,
Kikuko Hata,
Jun Oka
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2015
Pages:
111-117
Received:
22 January 2015
Accepted:
6 February 2015
Published:
13 February 2015
Abstract: Adequate food intake is essential for health and is influenced by dietary behaviors and environments. Therefore, we examined the key behavioral and environmental factors mediating dietary variety as indicator of diet quality in a group of community-dwelling Japanese adults with spinal cord injury (SCI). This study used a cross-sectional design. We mailed a questionnaire survey to 2,731 community-dwelling Japanese adults with SCI, and responses from 841 individuals were analyzed. Dietary variety was assessed as the frequency scores of 10 foods which are major components of the Japanese diet. Correlations between the food frequency scores and dietary behavioral and environmental factors were determined by binominal logistic regression analysis. Additionally, the correlations between these scores and answers to the questions of ‘What is required to choose healthy foods?’ and ‘Where do you get information regarding health and nutrition?’ were determined using a chi-square test. High food frequency scores were positively and significantly associated with the dietary behaviors of ‘Concerning yourself with nutrition and meals for your own health’, ‘Eating breakfast’ and ‘Mealtime conversation about diet/nutrition/cooking with family/friends’, and ‘Having family/neighbors support’ in dietary environments. Regardless of the food frequency scores, ‘Knowledge’ was most frequently required to choose healthy foods, while the high food frequency scores were most significantly related to ‘Family/friends’ as sources of information about health and nutrition. Health self-management, mealtime conversation, and health promotion support from others who also provide knowledge about health and nutrition are the key factors mediating dietary variety among people with SCI.
Abstract: Adequate food intake is essential for health and is influenced by dietary behaviors and environments. Therefore, we examined the key behavioral and environmental factors mediating dietary variety as indicator of diet quality in a group of community-dwelling Japanese adults with spinal cord injury (SCI). This study used a cross-sectional design. We ...
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Assessment of Nutritional Status and Associated Factors among School Going Adolescents of Mekelle City, Northern Ethiopia
Hadush Gebremariam,
Omer Seid,
Huruy Assefa
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2015
Pages:
118-124
Received:
10 December 2014
Accepted:
22 December 2014
Published:
15 February 2015
Abstract: Adolescence is a period of rapid growth and maturation in human development, and that extra nutrients are needed to support their growth spurt. Adolescence is commonly regarded as a relatively healthy period of the life cycle. Indeed, adolescents are possibly less vulnerable to infection than they were at a younger age. This may contribute to their being neglected, And the reason for focusing on adolescents’ nutritional status is this period of life is a unique opportunity to break a range of vicious cycles of problems caused by malnutrition can be passed from one generation to the next. So this study aims to assess adolescent nutritional status and associated factors in secondary and preparatory school students of Mekelle city, northern Ethiopia. Institution based cross sectional study design was conducted in February 2013. Six schools were selected randomly from the total 23 and then 572 adolescents were selected using systematic random sampling. Data related socio-demographic and other determinants of adolescent nutritional status were collected using self administered questionnaire but, anthropometric measurements were conducted by trained data collectors. WHO Anthro-plus software was used to analyze Anthropometric measurements and Nutritional statuses of adolescents were determined using the CDC cut of point body mass index for age. Finally Biavriate and multivariate analyses were done to determine factors affecting the nutritional statues of adolescents. A total of 555 adolescents were participated with a response rate of 97%. The overall prevalence of wasting (thinness), overweight and obesity were 37.8%, 2%, and 0.4% respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done, being male at AOR 2.322 and 95% CI 1.58-3.39, adolescent’s father education AOR 2.43 and 95% CI 1.23-4.78, adolescents who works besides education at AOR 1.94 and 95% CI 1.071-2.371, respondents who consumed food contain pulse, legumes and lentils at AOR.635 and 95% CI .435-.925 were significantly associated with thinness. In general more than one third of schools going adolescents are thinner but, the prevalence of over nutrition is very low. Being male, father education, work beside education and consuming food containing pulse, legumes and Lentils are factors determine adolescent thinness. Based on the finding; there must be intersectoral collaboration among health sectors and education sectors to address adolescent nutrition problems, intervening nutrition related education and assessments targeting male adolescents in schools and community.
Abstract: Adolescence is a period of rapid growth and maturation in human development, and that extra nutrients are needed to support their growth spurt. Adolescence is commonly regarded as a relatively healthy period of the life cycle. Indeed, adolescents are possibly less vulnerable to infection than they were at a younger age. This may contribute to their...
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